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1.
Saúde Soc ; 32(2): e220400pt, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450437

ABSTRACT

Resumo No Brasil, os racismos são estruturais e estruturantes, pois estão enraizados nos arcabouços das sociedades, nas relações interpessoais e nas instituições, atravessando as ocupações significativas dos sujeitos e coletivos. Isto explica as disparidades em diversos setores da sociedade brasileira, notadamente na empregabilidade das pessoas negras, bem como nos seus modos de adoecer e morrer. Entendendo o papel que os racismos desempenham nas ocupações das pessoas negras, este estudo propõe sistematizar observações que nos permitam compreender o fenômeno da produção de injustiças, com base em relações racializadas e, eventualmente, sugerir formas de enfrentamento dessa realidade. Desta forma, discutimos como os racismos foram instaurados no Brasil, reunindo elementos para a compreensão da ocupação humana e seus condicionantes. Em seguida, refletimos sobre os conceitos de justiça e injustiça ocupacional, que evidenciam os processos ocupacionais vivenciados pelas pessoas negras. Considerando que na terapia ocupacional e na ciência ocupacional brasileira ainda são incipientes os estudos que relacionam racismos e ocupação, apontamos algumas estratégias para reorientar as práticas profissionais de terapeutas ocupacionais, de modo a torná-las proativas e transformadoras.


Abstract In Brazil, the many forms of racisms are structural and structuring, since they are rooted deep within society, in interpersonal relationships, and in institutions, traversing significant occupations of subjects and collectives. This explains the disparities in various sectors of Brazilian society, notably in the employability of Black people, as well as in their forms of getting sick and dying. In understanding the role that racisms play in the occupations of Black people, this study proposes to systematize observations that allow us to understand the phenomenon of the production of injustices based on racialized relations and, eventually, suggest ways to confront this reality. Thus, we discuss how racisms were established in Brazil, gathering elements for the understanding of human occupation and its conditioning factors. We then reflect on the concepts of occupational justice and injustice, which bring light to the occupational processes experienced by Black people. Considering that, in occupational therapy and in Brazilian occupational science, studies relating racisms and occupation are still incipient, we point out some strategies to reorient occupational therapists, practices to make them proactive and transformative.


Subject(s)
Black People , Racism/history , Systemic Racism , Brazil
2.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 18(1): 83-89, jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-964004

ABSTRACT

Contexto: La conceptualización del constructo ocupación en la Terapia Ocupacional latinoamericana es muy diversa y varía dependiendo de la región y el idioma. Objetivo: la presente revisión bibliográfica narrativa pretende dar cuenta del uso y la conceptualización del cons­tructo ocupación en la revista científico de Brasil Cadernos Brosileiros de Terapia Ocupacional (antiguamente nombrado como Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Federal de San Carlos). Método: se emplea una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, seleccionando artículos que emplearon el término ocupación en el título, el resumen o dentro de las palabras clave desde los primeros artículos dispo­nibles en formato on line hasta el año 2014. Resultados: siete artículos discuten el concepto de ocupación de forma teórica o práctica. Conclusiones: Se observa que existe una gran diversidad en el uso del constructo y que,por lo general se cuestiona su pertinencia cultural en el contexto brasileño.


Context: The conceptualization of constructo of occupation in Occupational Therapy in Latin America is diverse and varíes depending on the region and language. Objective: This narrative review aims to give an account of use and conceptualization of occupational construct in scientific journal Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Methodology: a narrative review is used selecting articles that used term occupation in title, abstract or within keywords until the year 2014. Results: seven articles discuss the concepto of occupation in a theoretical or practical way: lt is observed there is a great diversity in use of this construct, and generally its cultural relevance in the Brazilian context is criticized.


Subject(s)
Occupational Therapy , Terminology as Topic , Occupations , Brazil
3.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 15(2): 25-30, dic.2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-790585

ABSTRACT

El siguiente artículo, enmarcado dentro de la Ciencia de la Ocupación, busca analizar cómo los adolescentes chilenos, que se identifican como homosexuales, experimentan la influencia del contexto sobre sus elecciones ocupacionales. La información fue recopilada a través de entrevistas individuales y por medio de un grupo de discusión desde cuatro adolescentes chilenos. Se realizó un análisis interpretativo de los resultados, donde en primera instancia los participantes no identificaron la influencia que existe desde el contexto sobre las elecciones ocupacionales por el hecho de identificarse como personas homosexuales. Sin embargo, en el análisis de su discurso y producto de una influencia heteronormada que predomina en la sociedad chilena, se señalan aspectos que indican cómo el contexto influye sobre las elecciones ocupacionales de estos jóvenes. Finalmente, destacan que esta influencia de la heteronorma no es exclusiva a las personas debido a su orientación sexual, sino que repercute en todos los aspectos de la vida de los sujetos, en consecuencia, es parte de la cultura predominante...


The following article, framed within Occupational Science, aims to investigate and analyze how Chilean adolescents, who identify as homosexuals, experience the influence of context on their occupational choices. Information was collected through individual interviews and a discussion group of four teenagers who met the research criteria. An interpretative analysis was then realized, where at first, participants did not identify influences from the context on their occupational choices, because of identifying themselves as homosexuals. Nevertheless, in the analysis of their speech, aspects are mentioned that indicate that the context influences the occupational selections of these young people, because of the heteronormativity that predominates in the Chilean society. Finally, they emphasize that this influence of heteronormativity is not exclusive to people because of their sexual orientation, but impacts people in all of their life’s aspects, because of the prevailing culture...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adolescent Behavior , Choice Behavior , Homosexuality, Male/psychology , Occupations , Activities of Daily Living , Chile , Interpersonal Relations , Qualitative Research , Sexual Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Cad. Ter. Ocup. UFSCar (Impr.) ; 21(2)maio-ago. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696430

ABSTRACT

Where everyday injustice-occupational injustice-persists, health and social professionals have an ethical, moral and professional obligation to reduce injustice with and for destitute as well as privileged members of society. But can professionals actually enable occupational justice? This reflective paper takes readers on a journey toward optimistically responding maybe. The analytic approach is summarized in preparation for tracing when and how the awakening to occupational injustice began. The journey continues by highlighting resources-namely a YouTube film: Reaching Out: Today's Activist Occupational Therapy and selected English language references from occupational science and occupational therapy that display an emerging knowledge bank for six population-based occupational justice practices which could be enriched with resources in other languages and s. The journey ends with reflections on the complex professional power relations that need careful attention by professionals who intend to enable occupational justice.


Onde a injustiça cotidiana-injustiça ocupacional-persiste, profissionais das áreas social e de saúde têm obrigação profissional, moral e ética de reduzir tal injustiça para com os membros da sociedade, tanto para os necessitados como para os privilegiados. Mas os profissionais são realmente capazes de promover justiça ocupacional? Este estudo reflexivo leva seus leitores a uma viagem para responder, de forma otimista: talvez. A abordagem analítica resume-se na preparação para o delineamento de como e quando o despertar para a injustiça ocupacional começou. A viagem continua, destacando os recursos, a saber, um filme no YouTube: Estendendo a mão: a atual terapia ocupacional ativista e referências em língua inglesa selecionadas da ciência ocupacional e terapia ocupacional que apresentam um emergente banco de dados para seis práticas de justiça ocupacional com base em alguns grupos populacionais, as quais podem ser enriquecidas com recursos em outras línguas e campos. A viagem termina com reflexões a respeito das complexas relações de poder que requerem meticulosa atenção por parte dos profissionais que pretendem promover justiça ocupacional.


Subject(s)
Occupational Therapy , Professional Practice , Social Justice
5.
Cad. Ter. Ocup. UFSCar (Impr.) ; 21(2)maio-ago. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696432

ABSTRACT

O rigor epistemológico da Terapia Ocupacional vem sendo questionado desde o seu surgimento, há quase um século. Ciência Ocupacional, uma nova disciplina que foi criada por terapeutas ocupacionais na América do Norte e desenvolveu-se principalmente no mundo anglo-saxão nos últimos 30 anos, tem produzido ampla discussão sobre os fundamentos teóricos e técnicos das intervenções baseadas na ocupação, além de estimular o debate internacional sobre as dimensões sociopolíticas dos vários modelos existentes. Este artigo, concebido como um ensaio reflexivo, objetiva rever os conceitos de ocupação e atividade tal como eles são apresentados na literatura anglófona contemporânea tanto da Terapia Ocupacional quanto da ciência ocupacional. Trabalhos científicos selecionados e documentos oficiais são discutidos. Após uma breve introdução que descreve o marco teórico que orienta a discussão, um resumo desses conceitos é apresentado. A análise leva em conta o desenvolvimento histórico das duas áreas e também procura destacar as oportunidades para a futura produção de conhecimento, tanto na Terapia Ocupacional como na ciência ocupacional.


The epistemological rigor of occupational therapy has been questioned since its emergence, nearly acentury ago. Occupational science, a new discipline that was created by occupational therapists in North Americaand evolved mainly in the Anglo-Saxon world in the past 30 years, has produced extensive discussion about thetheoretical and technical underpinnings of the occupation based interventions, besides stimulating the internationaldebate on the socio-political dimensions of the various existing models. Designed as a reflective essay, thisarticle aims to review the concepts of occupation and activity as they are presented in contemporary Anglophoneliterature of occupational therapy and occupational science. Selected scientific papers and official documentsare discussed. After a brief introduction that describes the theoretical framework that guides the discussion, asummary of these concepts is presented. The analysis takes into account the historical development of the twoareas and also seeks to highlight opportunities for the future production of knowledge, both in occupationaltherapy and occupational Science.


Subject(s)
Review Literature as Topic , Occupational Therapy/history
6.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 11(2): 91-106, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640022

ABSTRACT

Este ensayo corresponde al establecimiento de un posicionamiento epistemológico dentro del paradigma actual de la Terapia Ocupacional, el que hemos denominado Paradigma Social de la Ocupación. Dirigimos esta mirada desde la práctica profesional y desde el análisis crítico del conocimiento y posicionamiento científico de la Terapia Ocupacional y las Ciencias de la Ocupación. Dicho análisis se encuentra bajo una perspectiva histórica epistemológica (desde las raíces de la disciplina) y contextual (coherente con la cultura y la región), apoyada en la Filosofía de la Ciencia.La propuesta se desarrolla a partir de la revisión de los diversos y sucesivos posicionamientos epistémicos de la Filosofía de la Ciencia, desde los orígenes de la disciplina hasta nuestros días, realizando un meta-análisis, sobre la influencia de éstos en la conformación y desarrollo de la profesión. Para lo anterior, nos situamos en una rama de la filosofía de la ciencia, la que nos permite una reflexión de segundo orden sobre nuestra disciplina que hemos llamado Filosofía de la Ocupación Humana. Como primer ejercicio meta analítico, realizamos un análisis de segundo orden desde la Filosofía de la Ocupación Humana, en relación con la categorización hecha por Kielhofner sobre la práctica de la terapia ocupacional, según la cual se describen tres paradigmas que caracterizan a la Terapia Ocupacional en periodos históricos diferentes, influenciando la práctica clínica, los valores, los objetivos y la evidencia científica que han sustentado el quehacer profesional. Siguiendo esta línea, aparece un cuarto paradigma-Paradigma Social de la Ocupación-, el que se configura luego que la perspectiva única de la ocupación como fenómeno individual (tercer paradigma) no fuese concordante con las necesidades de las sociedades ni comunidades, ni respondiese de manera completa a los nuevos campos de acción de los terapeutas ocupacionales. Según esto, concluimos la necesidad de adoptar para la...


This essay corresponds to the establishment of an epistemological position inside the current paradigm of the occupational therapy, which we call Social Paradigm of Occupation. We are making this proposal from professional practice and critical analysis of the scientific knowledge and position of the occupational therapy and the occupational science. This analysis is located in a historical, epistemological (from the roots of the discipline) and contextual perspective (consistent with the culture and the region) supported by the Philosophy of Science. The proposal is developed after reviewing the various successive epistemological positions of the Philosophy of Science, from the beginnings of the discipline until our time, doing a meta-analysis about the influence of these positions in the formation and development of the profession. To that end, we position ourselves in a particular branch of the Philosophy of Science that allow us to do a second order reflection from the Human Occupation Philosophy, regarding the categorization elaborated by Kielhofner about the practice of occupational therapy. This proposal describes three paradigms that characterize the Occupational Therapy in three different historical periods, which have been influencing clinical practice, values, objectives and the scientific evidence that have supported the professional work. Following this line, we conclude that it is necessary to the discipline to adopt a complex epistemology and thinking, according to the definition proposed by Edgar Morin. This way it would be possible to continue the theoretic development of the profession that allows us to answer to the new challenges that rise from the subjects we work with and their contexts.


Subject(s)
Knowledge , Occupational Therapy , Philosophy , Science
7.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 11(1): 79-87, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640050

ABSTRACT

La necesidad por construir un cuerpo de conocimientos que cimentaran las acciones de los Terapeutas Ocupacionales ha sido una constante a lo largo de su historia y ha contribuido al establecimiento de las premisas y los principios de nuestra disciplina. Este proceso, ha vivido distintas etapas, las cuales van desde las primeras reflexiones en torno a la ocupación hasta la aparición de la Ciencia de la Ocupación como disciplina académica y científica. El siguiente texto, intenta ofrecer una breve descripción de la Ciencia Ocupacional y sus relaciones con la Terapia Ocupacional, basada en los antecedentes históricos, así como su impacto actual y potencial, tanto en el plano teórico como en la praxis terapéutica.


The need for building a body of knowledge to support the occupational therapists’ actions has been a constant along its history and has contributed to the establishment of the natural premises and principles of our disciple. This process has undergone several phases, since the first reflections about occupation to the development of Occupational Science as an academic and scientific disciple. The following text, aims to offer a short description of Occupational Science and its relationships with Occupational Therapy, based on historic data, as well as its current and potential impact in the theoretical level and the therapeutic praxis.


Subject(s)
Interdisciplinary Communication , Occupational Therapy , Professional Practice , Science
8.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 11(1): 89-100, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640051

ABSTRACT

La Filosofía de la Ocupación Humana es una reciente perspectiva de análisis crítico y de reflexión filosófica respecto a la conformación de conocimiento de las Ciencias de la Ocupación y sobre la práctica clínica e investigaciones de la Terapia Ocupacional. Al operar como un marco de interpretación sobre las acciones específicas dentro de estas disciplinas, empleamos herramientas provenientes desde la Filosofía de la Ciencia para fortalecer esta reflexión. Una de estas herramientas es la Retórica de la Ciencia, por medio de la cual, podemos identificar cómo diferentes formas retóricas funcionan desde un rol central y constituyente en la conformación del conocimiento, en la ciencia en general, y en la Terapia Ocupacional y Ciencias de la Ocupación de manera particular. Revelaremos un estilo retórico particular y propio de la ciencia, denominado: retórica oficial de la ciencia, el cual también esta presente en nuestras disciplinas, lo cual, corresponde a una tradición continua y (parcialmente) vigente desde el positivismo lógico hasta nuestros días. Por medio de diferentes ejemplos, analizaremos el contenido y forma de elementos retóricos empleados en el actual momento paradigmático de la profesión, lo que contribuya a fortalecer la reflexión crítica sobre la conformación del conocimiento en la Terapia Ocupacional y las Ciencias de la Ocupación, y a promover una actividad científica, más democrática, pluralista y constituida desde la diversidad cultural y epistémica.


Philosophy of Human Occupation is a recent perspective of critical analysis and philosophical reflection on building knowledge of Occupational Science and clinical practice and research in Occupational Therapy. With the purpose of working within an interpretation framework about specific actions within these disciplines, tools deriving from Philosophy of Science have been used in order to strengthen this reflection. One of these tools, the Rhetoric of Science, is often used to determine how various rhetorical forms work from a central role. This role establishes knowledge building in sciences in general as well as in Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science in particular. Furthermore, a specific science-related rhetorical style has been developed. This style, named as the official rhetoric of science, also appears in our fields of knowledge, which has corresponded to a constant and – partially– valid tradition from the logical positivism until the present. The content and form of the rhetorical elements, used in the current paradigmatic time of the profession, have been analyzed through a variety of examples. Therefore, critical reflection on knowledge building is promoted and a more democratic, diverse and culturally and epistemologically constituted scientific activity is fostered with regard to Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science.


Subject(s)
Knowledge , Occupational Therapy , Philosophy , Science
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