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Objective:To investigate the changes, distribution and influencing factors of ocular dominance after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods:A retrospective observational case series study was conducted.One hundred and twelve patients (224 eyes) with an average age of 25.1±5.4 years who underwent SMILE surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from November 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled.There were 42 male and 70 female patients.The dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-the-card test before and after the surgery.Subjective and objective refraction and uncorrected visual acuity examination were performed before operation, and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The subjects were divided into switch group and non-switch group based on whether the dominant eye changed after surgery.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the main influencing factors of dominant eye switches.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.201905). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical examination.Results:There were 18 patients (16.1%) in the switch group including 7 males (38.9%) and 11 females (61.1%), and 94 patients (83.9%) in the non-switch group including 35 males (37.2%) and 59 females (62.8%). No statistically significant difference was found in sex between the two groups ( χ2=0.02, P=0.89). At 1 month and 3 months after the surgery, there was a statistically significant difference in the cylindrical power between the dominant and non-dominant eye ( t=2.31, 1.95; both at P<0.05). Binary logistic regression equation showed that spherical equivalent[odds ratio ( OR)=0.47, 95%confidence interval ( CI): 0.35-0.66]and refractive error difference ( OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.12-4.36) were significantly related to the eye dominance switches. Conclusions:There were 16.1% of patients having eye dominance switches after SMILE.The dominant eye transfomation is associated with higher spherical equivalent and anisometropia difference before surgery.
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Background: Ocular dominance is the physiological preference of one eye over the other, hence its input is favoured when there is conflicting information to the two eyes. Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changes focus from distant to near images and is produced by a change in the shape of the crystalline lens. The aim of this study was to compare the accommodative amplitude, facility and lag in the dominant and non-dominant eye.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 80 visually normal subjects. Ocular dominance was determined using hole-in-the- card method. Amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility and response was measured monocularly and randomly using push up method, ±2.00DS flipper lenses and Nott technique respectively.Results: Results obtained from the study showed that the right eye was dominant in 62.5% of subjects. The mean (SD) for accommodative amplitude, facility and response (lag) in the dominant eye was 11.08 (2.16) D, 10.00 (1.52) cycles per minute and 0.62 (0.27) respectively. The mean (SD) for accommodative amplitude, facility and lag in the non-dominant eye was 10.98 (2.20) D, 9.86 (1.44) cycles per minute and 0.60 (0.25) D respectively.Conclusions: It may be inferred that the dominant eye has more accommodative amplitude, facility and lag than the non-dominant eye but this difference was not statistically significant.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between dominant eye and refractive error in patients with myopic anisometropia. METHODS: This study population consisted of myopes less than 15 years old who were followed up for anisometropia defined as interocular difference of spherical equivalent (SE) ≥1.0 diopter (D). All patients underwent the hole-in-the-card test at far and near to determine ocular dominance. The data were analyzed for statistical significance using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 102 eyes in 51 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 10.4 ± 1.4 years and 54.9% were male. The mean SE was −2.97 ± 1.95 D in the right eye and −3.02 ± 1.92 D in the left eye. The right eye was the dominant eye in 43.1% and 37.3% at distance and near, respectively. The agreement of dominancy between distant and near was 82.4%. The near dominant eyes showed statistically significant accordance with more myopic eyes (p = 0.009). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant relationship between more myopic eyes and distant dominant eyes (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: The near dominant eye was more myopic eye in patients with myopic anisometropia. This was considered to be related with the lag of accommodation in dominant eye with near distance.
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Humans , Male , Anisometropia , Dominance, Ocular , Hand , Myopia , Refractive ErrorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether eye dominance changes after conventional pseudophakic monovision, and to identify factors that affect changes in eye dominance. METHODS: This retrospective study included 70 patients who underwent bilateral conventional monovision cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they experienced a change in the dominant eye. We compared patients' uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, stereopsis, and time interval between cataract surgeries. RESULTS: The mean age was 71.26 ± 10.84 (range, 25–90) years, mean interval between surgery in each eye was 118.46 ± 183.50 (range, 17–1,018) days, and mean postoperative diopter difference was 1.16 ± 0.53 (range, 0.00–2.75) diopters. After bilateral cataract surgery, 22 patients (31.43%) experienced a change in eye dominance, whereas 48 patients (68.57%) experienced no change. There were no differences in the time interval between cataract surgeries, preoperative UCDVA and UCNVA, pre- and postoperative BCVA, or stereopsis in either group. Patients who experienced a change in eye dominance showed smaller differences between preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent, compared with patients who experienced no change in eye dominance (t-test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-two (31.43%) patients whose nondominant eyes were targeted for near vision showed altered eye dominance after conventional monovision cataract surgery. Eye dominance shows greater plasticity in patients with smaller differences between preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent.
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Humans , Cataract , Clinical Study , Depth Perception , Dominance, Ocular , Plastics , Presbyopia , Retrospective Studies , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Aims: To assess sensory ocular dominance of children by means of a novel psychophysical technique (Domitest-S). Study Design: population study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, The Gradenigo Hospital, Turin, between June 2012 and June 2013. Methodology: Thirty sequences of stimuli (15 for the left eye and 15 for the right eye) were administered in dichoptic conditions to 152 pupils (mean age: 9 ± .8 years). The task was to detect the target (a checkerboard-like pattern arranged so as to form an “X”) embedded in a series of null stimuli (checkerboard-like patterns randomly arranged). Left and right proportion correct responses were computed and an index of dominance laterality, the Balance Value (BV), expressed as the right minus left proportion correct responses was introduced. A second index based on the total amount of percent correct responses, the Interocular Inhibitory Index (III) was computed to provide a measure of reciprocal binocular suppression. Results: The frequency distribution of sensory dominance was not normal, but skewed on the left (KS=.17, P<.001). The median was .20 (range .00-.80) with 77% of the subjects showing a BV between .00 and .27. A substantial equivalence was found between the proportion of right and left dominants (46%). Balance values ranging from – .20 to +.27 accounted for 79% of the variance. The distribution of the reciprocal interocular suppression measured as III was bimodal, showing two peaks, one on the right (lower inter-inhibitory effect) and the other on the left (stronger inter-inhibitory effect). Test-retest reliability was acceptable (correlation between the left and right correct responses at first and second examination: Spearman r= .54, P< .001). The duration of the examination was about 5 minutes. Conclusion: Domitest-S proves to be a fast and reliable technique to assess sensory dominance in children within the clinical setting.
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The researches on ocular dominance have been continuing deeply last decade years since the concept was first described by means by Porta in 1593.Based on the neurophysiology and molecular biology,it is confirmed that the procedure of ocular dominance involves sublayer 4C of the visual cortex,N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor,a-calmodulin kinase Ⅱ (aCaMK Ⅱ),synapses and about candidate gens.Meanwhile,ocular dominance theory plays an important guiding role in optometry,laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and cataract operation.In this review,the mechanism and clinical application of ocular dominance were summarized.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic disc parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT(R)) in dominant and non-dominant eyes. METHODS: Seventy-one subjects without underlying ocular disease were recruited for the present study. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Comprehensive standardized eye examinations were performed. Scans of the optic disc and RNFL were performed using OCT. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of the dominant eye was higher than its counterpart (p = 0.025). No significant differences were observed in uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error and axial length between dominant and non-dominant eyes (p = 0.235, 0.180, 0.850). No RNFL and optic disc features were identified in the dominant from non-dominant eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Although dominant eyes tended to have higher IOP than non-dominant eyes, no consistent ocular structural differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes with the use of OCT were found.
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Dominance, Ocular , Eye , Intraocular Pressure , Nerve Fibers , Refractive Errors , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Background The visual evoked potential (VEP) is an important functional index to assess visual cortex plasticity.Monocular form deprivation(MD) of rat is a classic model to study visual cortex plasticity change.Utilizing VEP technique record the shift of ocular dominance in adult rats model is of an important significance for explore the treating opportunities of amblyopia.Objective The present study was to observe the pattern VEP changes in different ages of Long-Evens rats and the adult rats after binocular form deprivation.Methods Thirty-six healthy SPF Long-Evens rats were divided into PW3,PW4,PW5,PW6 groups according to the postnatal weeks,and PW7 rats included 36 SPF Long-Evens rats.The left eye lids of the rats were sutured in PW3,PW6 and PW7 rats for 3,5,7 days respectively,and PVEP in both left and right eye were recorded to assess the rat age that visual cortex plasticity ended.Bilateral PVEP were recorded in PW7 rats,and the bilateral eyelids were sutured to establish the bilateral form deprivation models.The right eyes were opened in 7,10,14 days,and the left eyes were opened in the next 3,5,7 days respectively and the PVEPs were recorded again to find the shift of ocular dominance and whether binocular form deprivation induce the visual cortex plasticity in adult rats.Results The P100amplitudes of the left eyes were gradually declined and those of the right eyes were raised from 3 to 7 days after MD of the left eyes in rats of PW3 group in comparison with before MD ( P＜0.01 ).In PW6 groups,no significant changes in P100amplitudes of both the right and left eyes were found in the third day after MD,but significant raise in the right eyes and lowing in the left eyes were seen in the 5 and 7 days after MD in comparison with before MD(P＜0.01 ).No any P100changes in both eyes were found in 3-7 days after MD compared with before MD in PW7 rats (P＞0.05).The C/I ratio (contralateral VEP amplitude to ipsilateral VEP amplitude in occluded eyes) in the rats of PW3,PW4 and PW5 groups were 1.07±0.15,1.16±0.16 and 1.14±0.15 respectively in 3 days after MD,showing the significant lowing in comparison with before MD (2.69±0.45,2.58±0.4,2.62±0.32) (P＜0.01),but those of PW6 and PW7 were unchanged (2.80±0.48 vs 2.90±0.46,2.59 ±0.36 vs 2.90±0.46,P＞0.05 ),indicating the absence of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult rats.In rats of PW7 with binocular form deprivation for 14 days,a significant decrease was observed in the C/I ratio in rats with next MD for 3 days,demonstrating that the visual cortex plasticity was reactivated after 14 days of binocular form deprivation in PW7 rats( 1.33±0.18 vs 2.70±0.45,P＜0.01 ).Conclusions PVEP can be recorded in Long-Evens rats.It is a major index for identifying the shift of ocular dominance in the Long-Evens rats.Binocular form deprivation can reflect the visual cortex plasticity in the adult rats.
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PURPOSE: Most of the bilateral structures in our body are not perfectly balanced, such that one side is preferred than the other or it has physiological superiority. Eyes also have an imbalance; the eye with sensory and motional superiority compared to the other is called dominant eye. Authors of this study focused on analyzing the correlation between the dominant eye and levator palpebrae superioris muscle. METHODS: The subject of this study was 42 patients with no ptosis and with no past history of blepharoplasty. Hand dominance was identified through questionnaire and dominant eye was identified by hole-in-the-card dominance test (Dolman's test) in all patients. The function of levator palpebrae superioris muscle was measured by MLD (marginal limbal distance). During the measuring procedure, frontalis muscle was not inhibited to avoid the eyelid skin hooding. RESULTS: Out of 42 patients, 27 patients(64.3%) were right ocular dominant, 15 patients(35.7%) were left ocular dominant, 36 patients(85.7%) were right hand dominant and 4 patients(9.5%) were left hand dominant. Out of 27 right ocular dominant patients, right MLD was larger than the left in 26 patients(96.3%). It was larger in average of 0.47mm(p<0.001) in 27 right ocular dominant patients. Also, left MLD was larger than the right in 11 patients (73.3%) out of 15 left ocular dominant patients. It was larger in average of 0.57mm(p=0.003) in 27 left ocular dominant patients. MLD on the side of the dominant eye was larger in average of 0.50mm(p<0.001) than the MLD of non-dominant eye side. Right MLD was larger than the left in average of 0.28mm(p=0.010) in right hand dominant patients, and left MLD was larger than the right in average of 1.15mm(p=0.025) in left hand dominant patients. CONCLUSION: The function of levator palpebrae muscle differs in right and left, and the difference correlates with the dominant eye. Also, the function of levator palpebrae muscle is stronger in the dominant eye. We were able to present statistical evidence regarding the difference of the function in right and left levator palpebrae muscle. This may be a factor worth consideration in terms of balancing the eyes during the blepharoplasty.