ABSTRACT
RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas ideias de Thomas Ogden sobre a importância dada aos sentimentos de vitalidade e desvitalização, como medida fundamental para o entendimento do que ocorre no processo analítico. Com o uso de duas vinhetas clínicas de uma das autoras, pretendeu-se a articulação com as ideias de Ogden, destacando-se o encaminhamento para um encontro vitalizado entre analista e paciente por meio de uma linguagem viva, visando a busca da verdade emocional conectada à vitalidade da sessão.
Abstract: This article aims to present some ideas by Thomas Ogden on the importance given to feelings of vitality and devitalization, as a fundamental measure for understanding what happens in the analytical process. With the use of two clinical vignettes by one of the authors, the intention was to articulate with Ogden's ideas, highlighting the referral to a vitalized encounter between the analyst and the patient through a living language, aiming at the search for connected emotional truth to the vitality of the session.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Set, Psychology , Research SubjectsABSTRACT
RESUMO: Considerando que Thomas Ogden é um dos psicanalistas representantes da psicanálise contemporânea transmatricial (FIGUEIREDO; COELHO JÚNIOR, 2018), o artigo apresenta a passagem e transformação do conceito de identificação projetiva (KLEIN, 1946) para o de terceiro analítico (OGDEN, 1994) por meio da análise e discussão de publicações do autor, em que faz articulações tanto com conceitos de Winnicott, quanto de Bion. Para Ogden, os conceitos são metáforas que nomeiam diferentes aspectos do funcionamento mental, e as transformações conceituais estariam, então, nos pequenos deslizamentos de sentidos, nas sutilezas do texto e no uso diverso das expressões.
Abstract: Considering Thomas Ogden is one of the psychoanalysts representing the contemporary transmatrix psychoanalysis (FIGUEIREDO; COELHO JÚNIOR, 2018), the article presents the passage and transformation from the projective identification concept (KLEIN, 1946) into the analytic third (OGDEN, 1994) by means of the analysis and discussions of publications by the author, in which he makes articulations both with Winnicott's and Bion's concepts. To Ogden, concepts are metaphors which name different aspects of the mental functioning, and the conceptual transformations are, therefore, in the small changes in meaning, in the subtlety of the text and the diverse use of expressions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Projection , Psychoanalysis , Psychoanalytic Therapy , EgoABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo apresenta a importância do pensamento de Thomas Ogden para a psicanálise contemporânea. Trata-se de um autor que tem como característica central um discurso e um modo de pensar que levam em conta as dimensões intrapsíquicas e intersubjetivas no campo psicanalítico. A experiência com a matriz clínica da esquizofrenia é o ponto de partida privilegiado para seus desenvolvimentos teóricos. Destacamos neste texto três grandes contribuições ao longo de sua obra: (a) o estado de não-experiência; (b) a posição autista-contígua; e (c) o terceiro-analítico.
Abstract This article presents the importance of Thomas Ogden's thought for contemporary psychoanalysis. Its main characteristic is a discourse and a way of thinking that take into account intrapsychic and intersubjective dimensions in the psychoanalysis field. The experience with the clinical matrix of schizophrenia is the preferred starting point for his theoretical framework. We highlight in this text three major contributions throughout his work: a) the state of non-experience, b) the autistic-contiguous position, and c) the analytic-third.
Résumé Cet article présente l'importance de la pensée de Thomas Ogden pour la psychanalyse contemporaine. C'est un auteur dont la caractéristique centrale est un discours et une façon de penser qui prennent en compte les dimensions intrapsychique et intersubjective dans le champ psychanalytique. L'expérience avec la matrice clinique de la schizophrénie est le point de départ privilégié pour ses développements théoriques. Nous soulignons dans ce texte trois contributions majeures tout au long de son travail : a) l'état de non-expérience, b) la position autiste-contiguë, et c) le troisième-analytique.
Resumen Este artículo presenta la importancia del pensamiento de Thomas Ogden para el psicoanálisis contemporáneo. Se trata de un autor que tiene como característica central un discurso y un modo de pensar relacionados a las dimensiones intrapsíquicas e intersubjetivas en el campo psicoanalítico. La experiencia con la matriz clínica de la esquizofrenia es el punto de partida privilegiado para sus desarrollos teóricos. En este texto destacamos tres grandes contribuciones a lo largo de su obra: a) el estado de no experiencia, b) la posición autista-contigua, y c) el tercer-analítico.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis/historyABSTRACT
The mechanical properties of the aorta tissue is not only important for maintaining the cardiovascular health, but also is closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. There are obvious differences between the ventral and dorsal tissues of the descending aorta. However, the cause of the difference is still unclear. In this study, a biaxial tensile approach was used to determine the parameters of porcine descending aorta by analyzing the stress-strain curves. The strain energy functions Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel was adopted to characterize the orthotropic parameters of mechanical properties. Elastic Van Gieson (EVG) and Sirius red stain were used to observe the microarchitecture of elastic and collagen fibers, respectively. Our results showed that the tissue of descending aorta had more orthotropic and higher elastic modulus in the dorsal region compared to the ventral region in the circumferential direction. No significant difference was found in hyperelastic constitutive parameters between the dorsal and ventral regions, but the angle of collagen fiber was smaller than 0.785 rad (45°) in both dorsal and ventral regions. The arrangement of fiber was inclined to be circumferential. EVG and Sirius red stain showed that in outer-middle membrane of the descending aorta, the density of elastic fibrous layer of the ventral region was higher than that of the dorsal region; the amount of collagen fibers in dorsal region was more than that of the ventral region. The results suggested that the difference of mechanical properties between the dorsal and ventral tissues in the descending aorta was related to the microstructure of the outer membrane of the aorta. In the relatively small strain range, the difference in mechanical properties between the ventral and dorsal tissues of the descending aorta can be ignored; when the strain is higher, it needs to be treated differently. The results of this study provide data for the etiology of arterial disease (such as arterial dissection) and the design of artificial blood vessel.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta, Thoracic , Physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Collagen , Elastic Modulus , Stress, Mechanical , SwineABSTRACT
A mentira, aspecto pouco edificante do psiquismo e tremendo obstáculo ao tratamento, também é, simultaneamente, uma capacidade psicológica à procura de um pensador. Um refúgio da mente. Uma função mental com um gradiente. Um elemento de vitalidade psíquica (Ogden). Uma possível conquista da análise
Lies, little edifying aspect of psychism and immense obstacle to treatment, is at the same time a psychological capacity in search of a thinker. A refuge of the mind. A mental function with a gradient. An element of psychic vitality (Ogden). A possible achievement of the analysis
La mentira, un aspecto poco edificante del psiquismo y un obstáculo formidable para el tratamiento, es también al mismo tiempo una capacidad psicológica en busca de un pensador. Un refugio de la mente. Una función mental con un gradiente. Un elemento de vitalidad psíquica (Ogden). Una posible conquista del análisis
Subject(s)
Deception , Truth Disclosure , DepressionABSTRACT
Objective To determine the hyperelastic parameters of shear modulus (μ) and curvature parameter (α) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in Ogden hyperelastic model,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical EOM surgery by numerical modeling.Methods The passive behavior of fox EOMs in vitro was determined by the uniaxial tensile test,and the hyperelastic analysis was conducted using the first-order Ogden model and ABAQUS software.Results The experimental result showed that the passive behavior of fox EOMs was nonlinear.The corresponding hyperelastic parameters μ =(6.57 ± 3.76) kPa and oα =8.16 ± 1.63 were obtained.When the strain of EOMs was larger than 6％,there were no statistical differences between the experimental result and the calculation result of the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model (P ＞ 0.05).Both the calculation result and the simulation result well fitted to the experimental result.Conclusions The hyperelastic parameters identified in this study can be used as the input for the corresponding numerical modeling of fox EOMs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the hyperelastic parameters of shear modulus (μ) and curvature parameter (α) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in Ogden hyperelastic model,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical EOM surgery by numerical modeling.Methods The passive behavior of fox EOMs in vitro was determined by the uniaxial tensile test,and the hyperelastic analysis was conducted using the first-order Ogden model and ABAQUS software.Results The experimental result showed that the passive behavior of fox EOMs was nonlinear.The corresponding hyperelastic parameters μ =(6.57 ± 3.76) kPa and oα =8.16 ± 1.63 were obtained.When the strain of EOMs was larger than 6％,there were no statistical differences between the experimental result and the calculation result of the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model (P ＞ 0.05).Both the calculation result and the simulation result well fitted to the experimental result.Conclusions The hyperelastic parameters identified in this study can be used as the input for the corresponding numerical modeling of fox EOMs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the hyperelastic constitutive equation of biological soft tissues and study the mechanical responses during the clamping process of biological tissues. Methods The destructive uniaxial tensile test was performed on fresh porcine liver and the uniaxial tension experiment was simulated in ABAQUS. The hyperelastic constitutive equation of porcine liver was determined by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. Based on this equation, the sharp teeth-shaped and wave-shaped chucks were used to simulate the clamping process. Results The simulation results of the tensile experiment with the 4th-order Ogden model were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results of tissue clamping simulation showed that stress concentration was more likely to occur when the sharp teeth-shaped chuck was adopted. Conclusions The 4th-order Ogden model can be used to describe the hyperelasticity of porcine liver and determine the relevant para-meters. Using the sharp-shaped chuck is more likely to cause tissue clamping damage, and there is a linear relationship between tissue stress and clamping feed distance. These research findings provide references for the design of surgical clamp.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the hyperelastic parameters shear modulus (μ) and curvature parameter (α) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in Ogden hyperelastic model, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical EOM surgery by numerical modeling. Methods The passive behavior of fox EOMs in vitro was determined by the uniaxial tensile test, and the hyperelastic analysis was conducted by the first-order Ogden model and ABAQUS software. Results The experimental result showed that the passive behavior of fox EOMs was nonlinear. The corresponding hyperelastic parameters μ =(6.57±3.76) kPa and α=8.16±1.63 were obtained. When the strain of EOMs was larger than 6%, there were no statistical differences between the experimental result and the calculation result of the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model (P>0.05). Both the calculation result and the simulation result well fitted to the experimental result. Conclusions The hyperelastic parameters identified in this study can be used as the input for the corresponding numerical modeling of fox EOMs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the hyperelastic parameters of shear modulus (μ) and curvature parameter (α) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in Ogden hyperelastic model,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical EOM surgery by numerical modeling.Methods The passive behavior of fox EOMs in vitro was determined by the uniaxial tensile test,and the hyperelastic analysis was conducted using the first-order Ogden model and ABAQUS software.Results The experimental result showed that the passive behavior of fox EOMs was nonlinear.The corresponding hyperelastic parameters μ =(6.57 ± 3.76) kPa and oα =8.16 ± 1.63 were obtained.When the strain of EOMs was larger than 6％,there were no statistical differences between the experimental result and the calculation result of the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model (P ＞ 0.05).Both the calculation result and the simulation result well fitted to the experimental result.Conclusions The hyperelastic parameters identified in this study can be used as the input for the corresponding numerical modeling of fox EOMs.
ABSTRACT
A proposta do texto é levantar questões sobre o corpo da voz, na busca de melhor compreensão de sua ação enquanto forma dentro da sessão analítica. Ilustrações clínicas apresentam a voz como desafio e convite para mergulharmos no tema. São convocados estudiosos de outras áreas para contribuírem com seus conhecimentos. Anzieu, traz muitos conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento sonoro do bebê tendo em vista a formação de seu si-mesmo à luz do espelho sonoro. Wisnik trata do misterioso lugar da voz entre o corpo e o não corpo legando grande quantidade de informações sobre a materialidade do som na música e na fala. Com base nesses conhecimentos, a autora levanta alguns questionamentos a Ogden em seu artigo Uma questão de voz na poesia e na psicanálise. O texto se encerra com um convite para o que os psicanalistas já faziam sem saber, quando percebiam seus pacientes através de suas vozes em sessão, possa agora ser feito concedendo o devido lugar à voz como útil ferramenta da clínica psicanalítica(AU)
This paper intends to raise some questions on the body of the voice looking for a better comprehension of its action as an interpretation of form within the analytic session. Clinical material presents the voice, at one time, as a challenge and an invitation to get involved with the theme. Authors from other areas are brought in to contribute with their knowledge. Anzieu brings knowledge about the baby's sonorous development connected to self-development, through the sonorous mirror. Wisnik, deals with the mysterious place of the voice between body and non-body, giving a great amount of information on the materiality of sound in music and in language. These findings enables the author to discuss some points of Ogden's paper A question of voice in poetry and psychoanalysis. As a conclusion, the author invites psychoanalysts to keep doing what they have been unknowingly done, namely, granting to the voice the place of a useful tool within psychoanalytic practice(AU)
La propuesta del texto es levantar interrogantes sobre el cuerpo de la voz buscando una mejor comprensión de su acción como forma durante la sesión analítica. Viñetas clínicas presentan la voz como desafío y invitación para nos adentrarmos en el tema. Se convocan estudiosos de otras áreas para contribuir con sus conocimientos. Anzieu, agrega amplios conocimientos sobre el desarrollo sonoro del bebé llevando en cuenta la formación de su si-mismo a la luz del espejo sonoro. Wisnik habla del lugar misterioso de la voz entre cuerpo y no cuerpo ofertando importantes informaciones sobre la materialidad del sonido en la música y en el habla. A partir de estos conocimientos la autora discute algunas observaciones de Ogden en su artículo Una cuestión de voz en la poesía y en el psicoanálisis. El trabajo termina con una invitación para que, como psicoanalistas atentos a la voz del paciente en sesión, podamos usarla como útil herramienta de nuestra clínica(AU)
Subject(s)
Psychoanalytic Therapy , VoiceABSTRACT
Convidamos você a dialogar com psicanálise e poesia através da leitura de Thomas Ogden e Robert Frost. Com Ogden, bom leitor de Bion, Winnicott e Frost, observamos a instrumentalização do aparelho de pensar com formas criadas na experiência de leitura a partir da interseção com as formas de pensar do escritor. Em Frost, pescamos os sons vivos do discurso, sobressons que reverberam o som do sentido na voz do outro que nos constitui. Este caminhar partilhado com a voz do outro que a imersão em uma obra literária proporciona é experiência cultural de aliveness por excelência. Compreendendo o corpo como locus da experiência e a voz como contorno psíquico, consideramos que os devaneios poéticos apontam para a ideia de que a arte, assim como a verdade, é uma construção que tem como referências as experiências de criador e observador na literatura, da dupla escritor e leitor. Partindo de alguns conceitos elaborados por Ogden na leitura de poemas de Frost, enfatizamos neste artigo o ato de ler como um encontro que abre portais imaginários para muito além da dimensão intelectual.
We invite you to dialogue with psychoanalysis and poetry by the reading of Thomas Ogden and Robert Frost. We observe with Ogden, a good reader of Bion, Winnicott, and Frost, the instrumentalization of the thinking apparatus with forms created in the reading experience from the intersection with the writer's ways of thinking. In Frost, we fished the living sounds of speech, oversounds that reverberate the sound of meaning in the voice of the other that constitutes us. This walk shared with the voice of the other that the immersion in a literary work provides is a cultural experience of aliveness per excellence. Understanding the body as the locus of experience and the voice as a psychic contour, we consider that poetic reveries point to the idea that art, like the truth, is a construction that has as references the experiences of creator and observer - in literature, the duo writer, and reader. Starting from some concepts elaborated by Ogden in the reading of Frost's poems, we emphasize in this article the act of reading as an encounter that opens imaginary portals far beyond the intellectual dimension.
Invitamos usted a dialogar con psicoanálisis y poesía por medio de la literatura de Thomas Ogden y Robert Frost. Con Ogden, buen lector de Bion, Winnicott y Frost, observamos la instrumentalización del aparato de pensar con formas creadas en la experiencia de lectura desde la intersección con formas de pensar del escritor. En Frost, pescamos los sonidos vivos del discurso, sobresonidos que reflejan el sonido del sentido en la voz del otro que nos constituye. Este caminar compartido con la voz del otro que la inmersión en una obra literaria proporciona es una experiencia cultural de aliveness por excelencia. Comprendiendo el cuerpo como locus de la experiencia y la voz como contorno psíquico, consideramos que los devaneos poéticos apuntan para la idea de que el arte, bien como la verdad, es una construcción que tiene como referencias las experiencias de criador y observador en la literatura, de la dupla escritor y lector. Partiendo de algunos conceptos elaborados por Ogden en la lectura de poemas de Frost, enfocamos en este trabajo el acto de leer como un encuentro que abre portales imaginarios para más allá de la dimensión intelectual.
Nous vous invitons à dialoguer avec psychanalyse et poésie à travers la lecture de Thomas Ogden et Robert Frost. Chez Ogden, bon lecteur de Bion, de Winnicott et de Frost, nous observons l'instrumentation de l'appareil de penser avec les formes créés dans l'expérience de lecture à partir de l'intersection avec les façons de penser de l'écrivain. En Frost, c'est possible pêcher les sons vivants du discours, des "sursons" qui réverbèrent le son du sens dans la voix de l'autre qui nous constitue. Cette promenade partagé avec la voix de l'autre que l'immersion dans une Åuvre offre est une expérience culturelle de vivacité par excellence. Comprendre le corps comme un lieu de l'expérience et la voix comme contour psychique, nous considérons que les rêveries poétiques pointent vers l'idée que l'art, et aussi la vérité, est une construction qui fait référence à l'expérience du créateur et observateur en littérature, du duo écrivain et lecteur. À partir de certains concepts développés par Ogden dans la lecture de poèmes de Frost, nous soulignons dans cet article, l'acte de lecture comme une rencontre qui ouvre les portails imaginaires bien au-delà de la dimension intellectuelle.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalysis , LiteratureABSTRACT
Os autores traçam uma história dos conceitos de contratransferência e de revêrie desde suas introduções, associando-os aos novos conceitos psicanalíticos correlatos que foram sendo introduzidos e exigiram sua redefinição. Em seguida descrevem o processo que permeia a constituição da contratransferência e, sobretudo, o papel da evocação. Sonhos, narrativas e suas expressões atuadas evocam em nós metáforas que combinam articulações discursivas e não discursivas que dão forma aos sentimentos que estão sendo projetados em nós na transferência. Nós, ao interpretarmos, colocamos essas experiências evocadas numa outra base simbólica, ou seja, transmutamos a linguagem evocativa dos símbolos visuais do sonho ou das metáforas, ou ainda das vivências expressivas da contratransferência, em linguagem verbal descritiva de significados e, desta maneira, ampliamos a capacidade de pensar a experiência ao atribuirmos significado aos sentimentos envolvidos. Os trabalhos de Ogden sobre revêrie são discutidos e considerados seminais na elaboração do conceito de revêrie da forma como o utilizamos hoje.
The authors thread a story of the concepts of countertransference and reverie, since the beginning of their use, associating them to new correlated psychoanalytic notions which were gradually introduced and which demanded the redefinition of these original concepts. Next, they describe the process which permeates the constitution of countertransference and, above all, the role of evocation. Dreams, narrations and their expressions evoke in us metaphors, which combine discursive and non-discursive articulations, which in turn give shape to the feelings which are being projected in us during transference. As we interpret, we place these evoked experiences on another symbolic base, transforming the evocative language of the visual symbols of the dream or metaphor, or yet of the expressive occurrences of countertransference, into a verbal language descriptive of meanings. As such, we amplify the capacity of reflecting upon the experience by attributing meaning to the feelings involved. The works of Ogden on reverie are discussed and considered primary to the elaboration of the concept in the way it is used today.
Los autores trazan una historia de los conceptos de contratransferencia y de revêrie desde que fueron introducidos asociándolos a los nuevos conceptos psicoanalíticos relacionados que fueron siendo introducidos y exigieron su redefinición. A continuación describen el proceso que permea la constitución de la contratransferencia y sobre todo el papel de la evocación. Sueños, narraciones y expresiones actuadas nos evocan metáforas que combinan articulaciones discursivas y no discursivas que dan forma a los sentimientos que están siendo proyectados en nosotros durante la transferencia. Nosotros al interpretar, colocamos estas experiencias evocadas, en otra base simbólica, es decir, transmutamos el lenguaje evocador de los símbolos visuales del sueño o de las metáforas o incluso de las vivencias expresivas de la contratransferencia, en un lenguaje verbal descriptivo de significados y de esta forma ampliamos la capacidad de pensar en la experiencia al atribuir significado a los sentimientos involucrados. Los trabajos de Ogden sobre revêrie son discutidos y considerados fundamentales en la elaboración de los conceptos de revêrie de la forma como los utilizamos hoy.