ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aprovechar el aceite de las semillas de Cucurbita argyrosperma C. Huber (sin. Cucurbita mixta Pangalo), como fitoingrediente en la elaboración de productos cosméticos. El aceite empleado se obtuvo por extracción con soxhlet y se realizó su caracterización fisicoquímica. Se elaboraron emulgeles (O/W) variando el agente viscosante y emulgente. Las formulaciones logradas se valoraron mediante la evaluación de las propiedades organolépticas (color, olor, brillo), fisicoquímicas (pH, conductividad) y extensibilidad y fueron sometidas a estudios de estabilidad. Se obtuvieron productos tipo emulgel de color amarillento con ligero olor ceroso, con pH aceptable para la piel. Todas las formulaciones resultaron estables. Los resultados demostraron que las formulaciones propuestas permitieron incorporar el aceite de origen vegetal logrando un preparado cosmético de características y estabilidad aceptables.
SUMMARY The objective of this work is to take advantage of the oil of the seeds of Cucurbita argyrosperma C. Huber (sin. Cucurbita mixta Pangalo), as a phytoingredient in the elaboration of cosmetic products. The oil used was obtained by extraction with soxhlet and its physicochemical characterization was carried out. Emulgels (O/W) were prepared by varying the viscosifying and emulsifying agent. The formulations achieved were evaluated by evaluating the organoleptic properties (color, odor, brightness), physicochemical (pH, conductivity) and extensibility and were subjected to stability studies. Emulgel type products with yellowish color with slight waxy odor were obtained, with acceptable pH for the skin. All the formulations were stable. The results showed that the proposed formulations allowed incorporating the oil of vegetable origin achieving a cosmetic preparation of acceptable characteristics and stability.
ABSTRACT
ResumenLa explotación del petróleo y el uso de sus derivados han contribuido para el desarrollo tecnológico a nivel mundial. Esta actividad, no obstante, genera muchos subproductos los cuales atentan contra la salud del ambiente. Las aguas de producción, por ejemplo, pueden contener trazas de metales pesados e hidrocarburos, razón por la cual deben ser reincorporadas de forma adecuada al ambiente. En este trabajo, se aislaron, caracterizaron e identificaron molecularmente ocho bacterias en base a su capacidad para degradar fenol. Primero, se evaluó el crecimiento y la degradación de fenol bajo diferentes concentraciones (500, 800 y 1 200 mg / L), y posteriormente se emplearon diseños estadísticos para la selección de condiciones óptimas de degradación. Los resultados mostraron que las ocho cepas evaluadas fueron capaces de usar el fenol como fuente única de carbono; no obstante, las cinéticas de degradación y la máxima tolerancia de las cepas al fenol variaron ampliamente. Debido a su tolerancia y capacidad para metabolizar fenol, la cepa Pseudomonas sp. Sps1 fue seleccionada para posteriores estudios. Mediante el uso de un diseño de Plackett Burman y un diseño factorial fraccionado en el cual diferentes fuentes de carbono, nitrógeno, y fósforo fueron evaluadas y degradación de fenol fue usado como variable de respuesta, fue posible seleccionar las condiciones óptimas para la degradación de fenol por Sps1. Finalmente, se emplearon estas condiciones para evaluar la degradación de fenol en aguas de re-uso provenientes directamente de la industria petrolera. Los resultados, mostraron que la bioestimulación favoreció el proceso de degradación del fenol comparado con el control. En conclusión, en este estudio se demostró que la bioaumentación con bacterias nativas acompañada de bioestimulación generan una tecnología económica y ambientalmente amigable para la remoción de contaminantes en aguas residuales tratadas de la industria petrolera.
AbstractOil exploitation and the usage of its derivatives have undeniably contributed to the technological advance worldwide. This industrial activity, however, generates several by-products that can threaten environmental sustainability. Seawage, for example, can contain organic pollutants and heavy metals; therefore, its deposition must be preceded by adequate water treatment. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and molecularly identified eight bacteria on the basis of their capability to degrade phenol. First, we determined the rates of bacterial growth and phenol degradation using different concentrations of the aromatic hydrocarbon (500, 800 and 1 200 mg / L), and then used sequential statistical designs to select optimal conditions for its degradation. Results showed that all isolated strains were capable of degrading phenol as the sole carbon source; the degradation kinetics and phenol tolerance, however, widely varied among strains. We chose the strain Pseudomonas sp. Sps1 for further studies due to its remarkable tolerance and capability to degrade phenol. By using a Plackett Burman design, followed by a fractionated factorial design in which several carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources were evaluated, and phenol degradation was used as the response variable, we found optimal conditions for phenol degradation by Sps1. Finally, we compared phenol degradation in seawage by the use or not of the optimal conditions established by the statistical methods. Results showed that biostimulation dramatically increased phenol degradation compared with the control. In conclusion, we found that bioaugmentation with the native bacteria Sps1 and a statistically-based biostimulation approach provided an economically and environmentally friendly alternative for the removal of pollutants from oil industry sewage.
ABSTRACT
Long pepper (Piper hispidinervum) is an Amazonian species of commercial interest due to the production of safrole. Drying long pepper biomass to extract safrole is a time consuming and costly process that can also result in the contamination of the material by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the yield of essential oil and safrole content of fresh and dried biomass of long pepper accessions maintained in the Active Germoplasm Bank of Embrapa Acre, in the state of Acre, Brazil, aiming at selecting genotypes with best performance on fresh biomass to recommend to the breeding program of the species. Yield of essential oil and safrole content were assessed in 15 long pepper accessions. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. A joint analysis of experiments was performed and the means of essential oil yield and safrole content for each biomass were compared by Student's t-test. There was variability in the essential oil yield and safrole content. There was no difference between the types of biomass for oil yield; however to the safrole content there was difference. Populations 9, 10, 12 and 15 had values of oil yield between 4.1 and 5.3%, and safrole content between 87.2 and 94.3%. The drying process does not interfere in oil productivity. These populations have potential for selection to the long pepper breeding program using oil extraction in the fresh biomass.
A pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervum) é uma espécie amazônica de interesse comercial devido à produção de safrol. A secagem da biomassa para extração do óleo essencial demanda tempo e acarreta custos, podendo também resultar em contaminação do material por microorganismos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de safrol da biomassa verde e seca de acessos de pimenta longa mantida no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Acre a fim de selecionar genótipos com melhor desempenho em biomassa verde para recomendação ao programa de melhoramento genético da espécie. O rendimento do óleo essencial e o teor de safrol foram avaliados em 15 acessos de pimenta longa. Foi realizada uma análise conjunta de experimentos e as médias do rendimento do óleo essencial e do teor de safrol para cada população foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student. Houve variabilidade do rendimento de óleo essencial e do teor de safrol. Não houve diferença entre os tipos de biomassa para o rendimento do óleo, já para o teor de safrol houve diferença. As populações 9, 10, 12 e 15 mostraram valores de rendimento de óleo entre 4,1 e 5,3%, e teor de safrol entre 87,2 e 94,3%. O processo de secagem não interfere na produtividade de óleo. Estas populações têm potencial para seleção para o programa de melhoramento genético de pimenta longa por meio da extração de óleo essencial da biomassa verde.
Subject(s)
Biomass , Capsicum/genetics , Safrole , Oils, VolatileABSTRACT
The study were undertaken in order to determine the physico-chemical properties and sensory attribute of oils extracted from the seeds of Moringa oleifera. The oils were extracted from the seeds and analyzed for moisture content, specific gravity, saponification value, refractive index, peroxide value, acid number, iodine value and sensory quality. The fresh oil was also characterized for its sensory attribute using three different foods. The seed oil had the following physical and chemical parameters. The color (yellow), moisture content (2.0%), specific gravity 1.0598 kg/dm3), refractive index (1.465±0.04), acid values (0.67 mg/KOH/g), iodine value (110g/100g), peroxide value (7.0 meq/kg), saponification value (178.10 mg/KOHg), melting point (36.7), Flash point (0c) (162) and rancidity (14.0). Organoleptic scoring show that yam fried with Moringa seed oil had more taste, color, aroma than yam fried with vegetable oil while chicken and egg fried with vegetable oil had higher taste, color, aroma and overall acceptance scoring than chicken and egg fried with Moringa seed oil. The study showed that Moringa seed oil can be used as nutritional oil, industrial raw material and nutraceuticals.