ABSTRACT
@#Soil sample is one of the important evidence that can be found in crime scene. Unknown soil sample can be analysed and compared with reference sample in order to determine the origin as its physical and chemical components possess unique characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of soil from oil palm plantations in Perak, Malaysia to assist forensic investigation. Total of 97 topsoil samples were collected from three different oil palm plantations in Perak. Particle size distribution was obtained using dry sieving technique and colour of soil sample was examined under three conditions that are dry, moist and ashed. Soil pH was measured using pH meter and percentage of composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was determined by weighing the sample before and after ignition. Result showed that the composition of particle size <0.18mm was within the range of 5.57-21.11% whereas for particle size between 0.18mm - 0.6mm was within 31.62 - 52.96% and 25.78-66.86% for particle size >0.6mm. The color mode of soil after oven dried, moistened and ashed was greyish brown (10YR 5/2), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) respectively. Soil pH was in the range of 5.79 – 6.70. The percentage of SOM was between 3.29 - 20.48%. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil analysed in this study from three different locations of oil palm plantations varied and it is possible to discriminate these locations based on the analysis highlighted in this study.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The oil palm is an economically important crop cultivated in the North of Brazil. Damage caused by insects is one of the main causes of reduced productivity for the oil palm. Before this research, only the beetles of the family Curculionidae were considered to be oil palm pests in Brazil. However, for the first time, we report on the damage caused by a giant rhinoceros beetle to oil palm plantations in Pará, Brazil. The beetle was identified as Golofa claviger (Linnaeus, 1771), which has a single record in Brazil (Pará) but is widely distributed in South America. The species occurs in an unprecedentedly high abundance of local specimens. The attacks are concentrated on the central cluster of young palms. Feeding behavior is identified as the main cause of the damage as the beetles use their mouthparts to rip the plant tissues, causing wedge-shaped cuts on young fronds that have not yet unfurled. After an attack, the leaflets of the unfurled fronds are partially destroyed.
ABSTRACT
In the Malaysia Economic Transformation Programmed (ETP) launched on 2010, palm oil industry has been highlighted as one of the key sector towards national economic development. There are a lot of concerns directed towards safety and health in the agricultural sectors where oil palm plantations are the main agricultural sectors in Malaysia. Correspondingly, several tasks by the small holders in the oil palm plantation have been shown to lead to musculoskeletal disorders which are attributed to various safety and health issues. This study intends to determine the effects of ergonomics interventions approach, highly promoted by International Labor Organization to resolve ergonomics issues specifically among oil palm plantation small holders and to improve Occupational Safety and Health aspects of the workplace. The study will be divided into two phases, the first phase of the cross-sectional design which will involve 360 male respondents working as small holders in the oil palm plantation. Questionnaires will be used to collect information on socio demographic data, occupational history, social lifestyle and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) data. The second phase of the intervention study (Quasi Experimental) involve intervention program based on Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) approach using qualitative observation and quantitative results of analysis during the first phase. A training program consisting of 3 primary instruments (lecture, action checklist and video), reinforcing activities (to increase knowledge, enhance understanding and associate practical application) and indicators (questionnaires and qualitative observation) were created, modified and customized to the small holders’ working in oil palm plantation. Palm oil industry provides job opportunity for more than half a million people and living opportunity for more than 1 million people (MPOB, 2011). Improving safety & health for the small holders in the oil palm plantations become the overall outcome of the ergonomics intervention. Specifically, the ergonomics Intervention will be expected to increase Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among the small holders, to be used as a program for occupational safety & health improvement in oil palm plantations around Melaka as well as to reduce risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) due to small holder’s multi task in the oil palm plantations. As the current knowledge gap of agricultural workers such as small holders remains wide in terms of safety and health, awareness among the small holders in the rural areas is low. In addition, focus of research was generally low on agricultural workers especially of health components further increasing the knowledge gap and status of health of agricultural workers or specifically small holders in Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Oil palm workers are exposed to ergonomics problems in their routine works. Although many technological advances have been developed, a large number of workers are still using manual handling tools in their daily work. A study was done to identify and solve the problems or issues of material handling effect on oil palm collectors and loaders during their daily work activities. A cross sectional study was done in an oil palm plantation in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Twenty five workers were selected randomly to participate in this study. Musculoskeletal symptoms were recorded using Modified Nordic Questionnaires and awkward postures of the workers were assessed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Result showed that 61% of workers were exposed to high risk level and 39% to very high risk level of working posture problems. In conclusion, majority of oil palm collectors and loaders need to correct their working posture as soon as possible. The manual handling activities need to be improved with respect to correct procedure for health and safety concerns.
ABSTRACT
Agricultural activities have always been associated with hazards and injuries. Most common injuries experienced by workers are health, safety and ergonomic injuries. It stems from many causes, such as the use of manual tools, incorrect working position, inadequate rest and overloading. This paper aims to reveal the daily hazardous work task of oil palm plantation workers with highlighting the ergonomics problems and risk of injury they faced. Observations of work tasks and distribution of Modified Nordic Questionnaire (MNQ) were performed for every work unit. Worker’s activities and posture while performing work tasks were recorded extensively using camera and video recordings for ergonomics analysis. Results from the observation and questionnaire survey conducted, showed that oil palm plantation workers are exposed to the risk of dangerous work every day. Fresh fruit bunches cutter and loose fruit collectors were having highest body pain complaints and almost from them are having low back pain problems. Therefore, it is necessary for an immediate action from the management in order to determine the current prevalence of ergonomic injuries. Using of manual tools should be avoided and plantation workers should be provided with ergonomics machines that can help them reduce their workload and injuries.