Oil Yield and Quality Different Varieties of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as Influenced by Organic Manures and Biofertilisers

The study was conducted at the Central Research Field of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiments consisting of two factors viz., 5 varieties and 10 fertiliser treatments was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with replicated thrice. The results of the study revealed that the oil yield was significantly highest with Rani variety while the oil content did not vary significantly amongst different varieties. The fatty acid composition such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic & linolenic acid, and arachidic acid contents showed non-significant variations amongst varieties. The biochemical characters viz., total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline content was recorded at 45, and 60 DAS were significantly higher in Rani variety. Both protein content and protein yields were also significantly highest in Rani variety. Application of 75% N through vermicompost produced significantly highest oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield, biochemical characters total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline content recorded at 45 and 60 DAS, while palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly highest with application of recommended dose of chemical fertilisers. Linoleic acid was significantly maximum with fertiliser treatment of 50% N through vermicompost + Azotobacter + Both linolenic and arachidic acid contents remained unaffected by the fertiliser treatments.

Effect of NPK, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Herb Yield, Oil Production and Anatomical Structure of (Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf) Plant

This study was carried out at the Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, in Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016. The experiment was designed using a complete randomized blocks design. Eco-friendly agriculture has its priority for safe products, so the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bio fertilizers (Nitrobien and Phosphorien) at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant, compost and poultry manure at the rates of 5, 10 and 15 ton/ feddan (feddan= 4200 m2) as alternative to NPK (recommended dose), on growth and anatomical characters of Cymbopogon citratusplants. The results showed that the highest number of tillers per plant (49.07) and leaf area (83.99 cm2) obtained by the high rate of poultry treatment (15 ton/feddan) at the second cut in the second season. Thus the result obtained showed that the organic fertilizers had a better effect on total herb fresh and dry weights per plant than bio fertilizer treatments. The poultry manure at the rate of 10 ton/feddan resulted in the maximum total herb fresh yield with value 56.53 ton per feddan and total herb dry yield with value 16.94 ton per feddan, in the second season. The essential oil production per feddan at the first cut (in August) was more than at the second cut (in October) in both seasons. The highest oil yield per feddan was recorded in the second season by the poultry manure at the rate of 10 ton/feddan with values 82.26 and 51.85 l/feddan at the first and second cut, respectively. The anatomical study showed that the best thickness of the leaf sheath at the midrib region was due to treating the lemongrass plants by poultry at the rate of 10 ton/feddan. The increasing ratio was 16.7% compared to control. This treatment showed the best results in the total number of vascular bundles, in addition to the No. of large bundles and their dimensions. From these results, it could be recommended that poultry manure was the best treatment for lemongrass growth and getting highly clean yield.

Diallel among soybean genotypes with high oil content and resistance to sudden death syndrome

The objective of this work was to use a partial diallel to evaluate the combining ability of 14 soybean genotypes and recommend superior combinations. Seven of the genotypes had high oil yield; other seven exhibited tolerance to sudden death syndrome and they generated 49 hybrids in a diallel cross without reciprocals. F2plants of each cross and the parents were evaluated for the following traits: number of days to maturity (NDM), oil content in the seeds (OC), grain yield (GY) and oil yield (OY). The results indicated the existence of genetic variability in the parents and progeny for all the traits. The rank of the parents based on the means was similar to the rank based on general combining ability (GCA) for all the traits. The specific combining ability (SCA) and the GCA were significant for all the traits, with a predominance of additive effects. The parent with the highest GCA and mean for OC was the cultivar A 7002; on the other hand, the lowest values were found in PI 520733 and IAC 100. The crosses with the highest oil yields were those involving parent A 7002, except when it was crossed with IAC 100.

Performance of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Oil Yield and Oil Qualities of Palmarosa (Cymbopogan Martini Var. Motia) A-review.

Cymbopogan martini var. Motia commonly known as Palmarosa or Rosha grass is a tall perennial tufted hedge native of most parts of sub-tropical India. Palmarosa oil has a sweet floral rose-like odour also has notes of rye bread, tea and clary sage. The oil is extensively used as perfumery raw material in soaps; floral rose-like perfumes; cosmetics preparations and in the manufacture of mosquito repellent products. It is used for flavoring tobacco products, foods and non-alcoholic beverages .The volatile oil is used as a remedy for lumbago, stiff joints, skin diseases and for bilious complaints ”Considering the importance of this crop every effort is made to increase the oil production of the crop by using improved nutrient management practices. The supply of inorganic fertilizers in appropriate quantity form and stage of crop growth could upgrade the quality and yields remarkably”.

Produção do girassol e teor de óleo nos aquênios em função da temperatura do ar, precipitação pluvial e radiação solar / Yield of sunflower and oil seed content as a function of air temperature, rainfall and solar radiation

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura do ar, precipitação pluvial e radiação solar, ocorridos em cada fase fenológica da cultura do girassol, na produção de aquênios, no teor de óleo dos aquênios e na produção de óleo do girassol. Foram conduzidos dez experimentos em intervalos de 20 dias, com início em 30/07/2007 e término em 28/01/2008. Cada experimento constituiu uma época de semeadura. Para verificar a normalidade dos erros e homogeneidade das variâncias, inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise individual por experimento para, em seguida, realizar análise conjunta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (cultivares) e quatro repetições, em cada época de semeadura. Houve interação entre épocas de semeadura e cultivares para todas as variáveis estudadas. Foram feitas análises de correlação entre as variáveis meteorológicas e as de produção do girassol. A produção de aquênios, teor de óleo e produção de óleo nas cultivares de girassol foram mais elevados quando ocorreram temperaturas mais baixas na fase vegetativa, maiores precipitações pluviais na floração e maiores índices de radiação solar na fase vegetativa e de enchimento de aquênios.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of air temperature, rainfall and solar radiation occurring during each phonological phase of the sunflower crop, on yield of achenes, on oil content of achenes and on oil yield in sunflower. Ten experiments were carried out at Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, with intervals of 20 days, beginning on July 30, 2007 and finishing on January 28, 2008. Each sowing time constituted an experiment. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four treatments (cultivars) and four replicates. It was performed the analysis of variance of each experiment separately and, after that, the joint analysis of all experiments. There was interaction between sowing date and cultivars for all the studied variables. Correlation analysis between meteorological and yield variables of sunflower were performed. The achene yield, oil content and oil yield in sunflower cultivars were higher when there were lower temperatures in the vegetative phase, higher rainfall at flowering and higher levels of radiation in the vegetative and filling of achenes phase.

Produção do girassol e teor de óleo nas sementes em diferentes épocas de semeadura no Centro-Sul do Paraná / Sunflower yield and oil seed content at different sowing dates in the southern central region of Paraná state

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dez épocas de semeadura na produção de aquênios, no teor de óleo dos aquênios e, como consequência, na produção de óleo em quatro cultivares de girassol em Ponta Grossa, PR. Dessa forma, foram conduzidos dez experimentos em intervalos de 20 dias, com início em 30/07/2007 e término em 28/01/2008. Cada experimento constituía uma época de semeadura e, para verificar a normalidade dos erros e homogeneidade das variâncias, inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise individual por experimento para, em seguida, realizar análise conjunta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, em cada época de semeadura. Entre épocas de semeadura e cultivares, houve interação para todas as variáveis estudadas, sendo que as maiores produções de aquênios e de óleo ocorreram nas semeaduras do final de julho, mês de agosto e de setembro. O teor de óleo dos aquênios foi maior nas primeiras épocas de semeadura, diminuindo nas épocas mais tardias, enquanto as maiores produções de aquênios foram obtidas com as cultivares 'M734' e 'Aguará 4'.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of ten sowing date on achenes yield, on achenes oil content s and, as a consequence, on oil yield in four cultivars of sunflower. Ten experiments were carried out at Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, with intervals of 20 days, beginning on July 30, 2007 and finishing on January 28, 2008. Each sowing time constituted an experiment. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four treatments (cultivars) and four replicates. It was performed the analysis of variance of each experiment separately and, after that, the joint analysis of all experiments. There was interaction between sowing date and cultivars for all the studied variables. The highest achenes yield s and oil occurred at the end of July, in August and in September. The achenes oil content was higher in the earlier sowing dates, decreasing in the later sowing dates. The cultivars 'M734' and 'Aguará 4' had the highest achenes yield.

Componentes primários e secundários do rendimento de óleo de pinhão-manso / Primary and secondary yield components of the oil in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

A definição dos critérios para seleção de materiais é especialmente importante para o cultivo do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.), pois subsidia a caracterização dos ideótipos mais adequados para o plantio e o progresso genético com a prática da seleção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar, por meio de análise de trilha com diagrama em cadeia, os efeitos diretos e indiretos de sete características vegetativas e quatro características de qualidade da matéria-prima sobre o rendimento de óleo de pinhão-manso com 38 meses de cultivo. A produtividade de grãos e o teor de óleo apresentaram efeito direto e positivo sobre o rendimento de óleo, e o volume de copa mostrou-se como um dos principais componentes de efeito indireto e positivo sobre a variável principal. Na população de melhoramento avaliada, as estimativas dos efeitos diretos e indiretos indicaram que a seleção de plantas de maior rendimento de óleo deve considerar genótipos de maior produtividade de grãos e maior volume de copa, mantendo-se a variabilidade para as outras características avaliadas.

The definition of the most suitable plant selection criteria is especially important for Jatropha curcas L. as subsidies the genetic progress estimates and the ideotype characterization, described in terms of the traits that are thought to enhance genetic yield potential. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of seven vegetative traits and four seed quality traits on J. curcas oil yield. The traits grain yield and the weight of the nuts showed direct and positive effect on the oil yield. The tree volume showed the major indirect and positive effect on the main variable through grain yield. The development of J. curcas with higher oil yield in the evaluated population has to consider the selection of plants with higher yield and tree volume, maintaining the variability of the grain quality traits.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de girassol nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Paraná / Adaptability and stability of sunflower genotypes from the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de girassol nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Paraná, quanto a rendimento de grãos e de óleo. Os dados analisados foram obtidos da Rede de Ensaios de Avaliação de Genótipos de Girassol, coordenada pela Embrapa Soja, entre 2003 e 2007. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os métodos usados foram os de Eberhart & Russel, Lin & Binns e Annicchiarico. Correlações próximas da unidade, em valores absolutos, foram obtidas entre a média geral dos genótipos e os parâmetros de adaptabilidade dos métodos de Lin & Binns e Annicchiarico. Contudo, o método de Eberhart & Russel teve a vantagem de indicar genótipos com adaptação a ambientes específicos. Nesse método, os híbridos Agrobel 959 e Helio 360 e a variedade BRSGira 02 foram considerados ideais, por apresentar bons desempenhos em rendimento de grãos, adaptabilidade geral e boa previsibilidade. Para rendimento de óleo, essas características foram encontradas nos híbridos Agrobel 959 e EXP 1441 e nas variedades BRSGira 01, BRSGira 02 e BRSGira 03.

The objective of this paper was to study the adaptability and stability of sunflower genotypes from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná, according to their grain and oil yield. The analyzed data were obtained from the Official Sunflower Trials Network, coordinated by Embrapa Soja, from the year 2003 to 2007. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replicates. The Eberhart & Russel, Lin & Binns, and Annicchiarico methods were used. Correlations close to the unit in absolute values were obtained between the general average of genotypes and the adaptability parameters of Lin & Bins and Annicchiarico methods. However, the method of Eberhart & Russel had the advantage of indicating genotypes with adaptation to specific environments. According to this method, the hybrids Agrobel 959 and Helio 360, and the variety BRSGira 02 were considered ideal, for showing good performance in yield grain, general adaptability and good previsibility. For oil yield, these characteristics were found in the hybrids Agrobel 959 and EXP 1441 as well as in the varieties BRSGira 01, BRSGira 02, and BRSGira 03.