Dietary patterns and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:Investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia in a Chinese elderly population.Methods:Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. The study population comprised 2 423 participants, with mean age of (67.6±5.2) years. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: fruit and sweet pattern, traditional oriental pattern, and animal food pattern. The association between quartile categories of dietary pattern scores and the presence of sarcopenia was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated. Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16.1%. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted OR ( 95%CI) of sarcopenia for the highest quintile of Fruit and sweet pattern score, Traditional oriental pattern score and Animal food pattern score were 1.06 (0.74, 1.50), 0.54 (0.34, 0.86), and 0.50 (0.33, 0.74), ( P for trend were 0.87,<0.01, and<0.001), respectively. Conclusions:The current study found that the traditional oriental pattern and animal food pattern has a protective relation for sarcopenia in elderly adults, which suggests its potential to attenuate or prevent the progression of sarcopenia.

O processo de envelhecimento sob a ótica de idosos em situação de rua / The aging process under the perspective of homeless older adult

Com o envelhecimento da população, as condições de vulnerabilidade associadas ao empobrecimento podem levar ao aumento do número de idosos em situação de rua. O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender o processo de envelhecimento sob a ótica do idoso em situação de rua, considerando o enfrentamento das transições relacionadas ao ambiente/sociedade, saúde/doença e sua adaptação. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, ancorado na Teoria das Transições de Afaf Meleis. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de julho a setembro de 2019 e constou de observação não participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram entrevistados 14 idosos que vivem em situação de rua por mais de um ano na região Centro Sul de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As informações coletadas foram transcritas, organizadas de acordo com a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e estruturadas em três categorias analíticas: a invisibilidade social do envelhecimento em situação de rua; o processo de transição vivenciado na rua e os desafios da enfermagem no cuidado aos idosos em situação de rua. Os 14 idosos que participaram da pesquisa eram do sexo masculino com idade entre 60 e 75 anos, e média de 64,7 anos. Quanto ao estado civil, oito eram separados/divorciados, cinco solteiros e um casado. Em relação à escolaridade um idoso era analfabeto, oito possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto, um ensino fundamental completo, dois possuíam ensino médio completo e dois relataram ensino superior completo. Quanto ao tempo de vivência na rua a média foi de 6,9 anos com variação entre 15 meses e 40 anos. Quanto à situação financeira, 10 idosos possuíam renda fixa mensal de R$ 91,00 (Bolsa Família) e quatro idosos tinham aposentadoria ou Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) com valor equivalente a um salário mínimo. A fragilidade dos idosos em situação de rua é muitas vezes suficiente para separá-los da sociedade. Sua decadência os isola. Podem tornar-se menos sociáveis e seus sentimentos menos calorosos, sem que se extinga sua necessidade dos outros. Isso é o mais difícil: o isolamento tácito dos velhos, o gradual esfriamento de suas relações com pessoas a quem eram afeiçoados, a separação em relação aos seres humanos em geral, tudo o que lhes dava sentido e segurança. Neste sentido, torna-se imprescindível que a enfermagem auxilie este idoso em seu processo transicional mas sobretudo, compreenda a realidade e o contexto no qual este sujeito vive e oportunize a materialização de seus direitos e da sua dignidade. Auxiliar o idoso que vive na rua a enfrentar seus processos de transição é fundamental para o cuidado, mas é preciso buscar articulação na rede de atenção à saúde e na assistência social para a promoção da saúde desse sujeito e contribuição para o alcance da sua autonomia, proteção, participação social e envelhecimento ativo.

With the aging of the population, the conditions of vulnerability associated with impoverishment can lead to an increase in the number of elderly people living on the streets. The present study aimed to understand the aging process from the perspective of the elderly on the street considering the coping with transitions related to the environment / society, health / disease and their adaptation. It is a study of a descriptive nature, with a qualitative approach, anchored in the Theory of Transitions by Afaf Meleis. Data collection took place from July to September 2019 and consisted of non- participant observation and semi-structured interviews. 14 elderly people living on the streets for more than a year in the Center South region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were interviewed. The information collected was transcribed, organized according to the content analysis proposed by Bardin and structured into three analytical categories: the social invisibility of aging in the street; the transition process experienced on the street; nursing care for the elderly on the streets and the contemporary challenges arising from the increase in this demand. The 14 elderly people who participated in the research were male, aged between 60 and 75 years, with an average of 64.7 years. Regarding marital status, eight were separated / divorced, five were single and one was married. Regarding education, one elderly person was illiterate, eight had incomplete primary education, one completed primary education, two had completed secondary education and two reported complete higher education. As for the time of living on the street, the average was 6.9 years, with a variation between 15 months and 40 years. As for the financial situation, 10 elderly people had a fixed monthly income of U$18,01 (Family Bag) and four elderly people had a retirement or Continuous Payment Benefit (BPC) with an amount equivalent to a minimum wage. The fragility of the elderly on the streets is often enough to separate them from society. Their decay isolates them. They can become less sociable and their feelings less warm, without their need for others being extinguished. This is the most difficult: the tacit isolation of the elderly, the gradual cooling of their relations with people they were fond of, the separation from human beings in general, everything that gave them meaning and security. In this sense, it is essential that nursing helps this elderly person in his transitional process, but above all, understands the reality and the context in which this subject lives and opportunities the materialization of their rights and dignity. To help the elderly that live in the street to face their transition processes is fundamental for the care, but it is necessary to look for articulation in the health care network and in the social assistance for the promotion of this subject's health and contribution for the reach of his autonomy, protection, social participation and active aging.

The current status and influencing factors of frailty among community-dwelling old adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the current status and predictive factors of frailty among community-dwelling old adults.Methods A total of 1 012 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above in Sichuan Province were enrolled and investigated by self-made general condition scale,Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI),Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB),10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10),Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short-form (GDS-15).Results (1) The prevalence of frailty was 30.73％.(2) There were significant differences in the frailty scores of community-dwelling older adults in terms of gender,education,marital status,living condition,spouse support,children support,family economic conditions,self-perceived health status,number of chronic diseases,body mass index,number of falls in the past year,exercise state and sleep time at night(all P＜0.05).(3) The frailty (3.72±2.88) was significantly positively correlated with depression (2.69± 2.58;r=0.58,P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with the scores of balance ability(3.28± 1.01),walking speed (2.92± 1.05),chair rise test (2.92± 1.27),strength of resilience (13.99±3.57) and MMSE (23.71 ±5.55) (r=-0.33-0.43,P＜0.01).(4) Depression (β=0.416,P＜0.001),the number of chronic diseases (β=0.219,P＜0.001),balance ability (β=-0.166,P＜0.001),spousal support (β=-0.089,P＜0.01),strength of resilience(β =-0.097,P＜0.01),family economic status(β=0.093,P＜0.01) and gender(β=0.082,P＜0.01) significantly influenced frailty,with a combined explanation variance of 45.9％.Conclusions The rate of frailty of community-dwelling old adults is high,which is influenced by physiological,psychological and social factors.Therefore,it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive model of multi-disciplinary cooperation to carry out frailty intervention in community.

The current status and influencing factors of frailty among community-dwelling old adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the current status and predictive factors of frailty among community-dwelling old adults.@*Methods@#A total of 1 012 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above in Sichuan Province were enrolled and investigated by self-made general condition scale, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10), Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short-form(GDS-15).@*Results@#(1) The prevalence of frailty was 30.73%.(2) There were significant differences in the frailty scores of community-dwelling older adults in terms of gender, education, marital status, living condition, spouse support, children support, family economic conditions, self-perceived health status, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, number of falls in the past year, exercise state and sleep time at night(all P<0.05). (3) The frailty (3.72±2.88) was significantly positively correlated with depression (2.69±2.58; r=0.58, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the scores of balance ability(3.28±1.01), walking speed(2.92±1.05), chair rise test(2.92±1.27), strength of resilience(13.99±3.57) and MMSE(23.71±5.55) (r=-0.33-0.43, P<0.01). (4) Depression (β=0.416, P<0.001), the number of chronic diseases(β=0.219, P<0.001), balance ability(β=-0.166, P<0.001), spousal support(β=-0.089, P<0.01), strength of resilience(β =-0.097, P<0.01), family economic status(β=0.093, P<0.01) and gender(β=0.082, P<0.01) significantly influenced frailty, with a combined explanation variance of 45.9%.@*Conclusions@#The rate of frailty of community-dwelling old adults is high, which is influenced by physiological, psychological and social factors.Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive model of multi-disciplinary cooperation to carry out frailty intervention in community.

Socio-demographic Characteristics, Nutrient Intakes and Mental Health Status of Older Korean Adults depending on Household Food Security: Based on the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. METHODS: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. RESULTS: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin B2 were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. CONCLUSIONS: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

Effects of aging-expectation on leisure-time physical activity among the old adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between aging-expectation and leisure-time physical activity among the old adults.Methods Structural interviews were administered to 550 old adults using the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Expectation Regarding Aging-12 (WHO-DAS 2.0), Activity of Daily Life-8, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-5.Results There was only 16％ of the old adults whose leisure-time physical activities met the WHO global recommendations.The level of cognitive function expectation was still significant in the regression models statistically even after adjusting the social characteristics,mental health status, and physical function successively (OR=1.024,95％ CI=1.005-1.043;OR=1.024,95％ CI=1.005-1.043;OR=1.029,95％ CI =1.009-1.050, respectively), and both of physical health expectation and mental health expectation were not significant in the three models.Conclusion The leisure-time physical activity of the majority old adults doesn't achieve the WHO global recommendations.Improving the cognitive function expectation of the old adults would be one of the valuable approaches to promote the leisure-time physical activity engagement.

Characteristics of Plantar Pressure between Old People and Young StudentsWalking on Flat / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the characteristics of plantar pressure between old and young people walking on flat. Methods 30 persons aged 55-65 years and 30 students aged 18-23 years were measured with a kind of plantar pressure measurement Footscan when they walked naturally, including impulse, max force, load rate of 10 regions, and distribution of the contact area of medial and lateral heels. Results The impulse was significantly different in 7 regions between both sides in the old people, and in 3 regions in the students. The impulse was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The max force was significantly different in 6 regions between both sides in the old people, and in 3 regions in the students. The max force was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The load rate was significantly different in 7 regions between both sides in old people, and in 3 regions in students. The load rate was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The contact area was larger in the medial heel than the lateral heel in old people group (P<0.05), and it was different between left and right foot. While the contact area was smaller in the medial heel than the lateral heel in the students (P<0.05), and there was no difference between left and right foot (P>0.05). Conclusion The impulse, max force, load rate decrease in the old people with the imbalance of distribution of the pressure between left and right.

Characteristics of Plantar Pressure between Old People and Young Students Walking on Flat / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the characteristics of plantar pressure between old and young people walking on flat. Methods 30 per-sons aged 55-65 years and 30 students aged 18-23 years were measured with a kind of plantar pressure measurement Footscan when they walked naturally, including impulse, max force, load rate of 10 regions, and distribution of the contact area of medial and lateral heels. Re-sults The impulse was significantly different in 7 regions between both sides in the old people, and in 3 regions in the students. The impulse was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P0.05). Conclusion The impulse, max force, load rate de-crease in the old people with the imbalance of distribution of the pressure between left and right.

Effects of Self-management Program for Old Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Community / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the effects of self-management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) on the function and quality of life in old pa-tients. Methods From October 2011 to April 2012, 100 patients with KOA from 2 communities in Tangshan, Hebei were recruited, and were as control group and intervention group based on the community. The intervention group learned a KOA self-management course, which consisted of 6 classes of 1.5 to 2 hours, once a week, taught by health professionals. The control group read the KOA self-management hand-book only. They were measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2nd version-Short Form (AIMS2-SF) before and 6 months after intervention. Results The score of WOMAC and AIMS2-SF improved more in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The KOA self-management program is effective on function and quality of life in old patients with KOA in community.

A review on health inequ ality and related facot rs of the globa l elderly / 中国卫生政策研究

The rapidly aging population has attracted extensive attention to the health of elderly people .The elderly are a vulnerable group in society .Their adverse physical and mental health not only affects their own well-be-ing but also brings a heavy burden on families and society .Numerous studies have found that health inequality of the elderly is a problem throughout the world, and differences in gender, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, and social capital among the elderly are all contributing factors .This paper summarizes these factors through a literature review.We suggest that cross-sectional and longitudinal data should be combined and suitable indicators and mathe -matical models to Chinese conditions should be established in order to analyze the mechanisms of various factors and their effects on health inequality and serve as a reference for promoting the overall health of the elderly .

Relation of General Characteristics and Memory Performance of Old Adults / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out relation of general characteristics and memory performance of old adults. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 160 old adults over the age 60 who living in Seoul. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the testing method on the memory performance. Data were analyzed by SPSS PC. RESULT: The level of memory performance is 63.0 points in the 84 point scale, immediate recall is 7.8 points in the 12 point scale, delayed recall is 7.6 points in the 12 point scale, word recognition is 16 points in the 24 point scale, & face recognition is 16 points in the 24 point scale, & face recognition is 26.8 points in the 40 point scale. Analysis of memory performance according to general characteristics showed that there were statistically differences for age, sex, religion and alcohol. Memory performance showed a significantly negative correlation with age and alcohol, but positive correlation with sex. The significant variables to predict old adults'memory performance are age and alcohol. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study give useful information for constructing an memory performance improving program based on general characteristics in old adults.

The Decline of Memory Performances of Old Adults and its Correlated Factors / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to find out the degree of memory decline and to confirm its correlated factors in old adults. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 68 old adults over the age 65 who living in Busan. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the testing method on the memory performance. RESULTS: The old adults' memory performances declined in tasks of immediately word recall, delayed word recall, and face recognition and increased slightly in word recognition over 2 years. However, there was only significant difference in delayed word recall task. The significant variables to predict memory decline were age, literacy, depression, locus, and strategy. CONCLUSION: The memory decline of old adults wasn't more serious problem than the perceived one. There needs to be some intervention programs to prevent memory decline for the elderly.

The Influence Factors of Subjective Well-being in Older Adults / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the predictors of subjective well-being (SWB) in older adults. Methods: 236 old people in Beijing were assessed on 7 potential predictors chosen from 2 taxonomies of resources-internal vs. external and physical vs. psychological.Results: There was no relationship between age and SWB. Perceived social support, health status and general self-efficacy correlated significantly with subjective well-being(?=0.27,0.19,0.15); perceived social support, health status and general self-efficacy have direct impact on subjective well-being, perceived social support and health status have secondary impact on subjective well-being through the factor general self-efficacy as well.Conclusions:The external factors can influent the SWB both directly and indirectly.