ABSTRACT
Se evaluó la eficiencia de un bio-preparado con características probióticas como promotor del crecimiento y sobrevivencia de la tilapia roja Oreochromis ssp. durante la inversión sexual. A través de cuatro tratamientos, bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado, fueron sembradas cuatro larvas L-1 en acuarios de 20 L, a las cuales se les suministró, durante 45 días, alimento comercial hormonado de 45% de PB, más la adición del bio-preparado compuesto por caldo extracto de malta y una levadura del género Saccharomyces en concentraciones de: 10(4) (T1), 10(6) (T2), 10(8) UFC ml-1 (T3) y un control (T4) sin la adición del bio-preparado. Al inicio y al final del experimento se pesaron (mg), midieron (cm) y contaron las larvas. Los parámetros físicos y químicos monitoreados del agua, se mantuvieron dentro de rangos considerados normales para la piscicultura de la especie. Los mayores valores para las variables de crecimiento de las larvas se registraron en el T2 y T3; Peso final (Pf) (305.9±113.2 y 326.1 ±79.5mg), Ganancia en peso (Gp) (299.2±113.2 y 319.4±79.5mg) Longitud final (Lf) (2.5±0.3 y 2.5±0.2cm), Ganancia en longitud (Gl) (1.7±0.3 y 1.7±0.2cm) y Tasa especifica de crecimiento (G) (12.5±0.7 y 12,7±0.5%/día), así mismo, los mayores valores de sobrevivencia (S) de las larvas se registraron en el T3 (68.1±6.8%) y T2 (59.4±20.2%). Por tanto los mejores resultados se presentaron en larvas de T2 y T3, a los cuáles se les suministró el bio-preparado, demostrando que las larvas de tilapia roja presentan mejor crecimiento y sobrevivencia con la implementación de un bio-preparado probiótico.
The efficiency of a bio-prepared with probiotic characteristics was evaluated for promoting growth and survival of red tilapia Oreochromis ssp during sexual inversion. Through four treatments, under a completely randomized design were seeded four larvae L-1 in aquariums of 20 L, to which they were delivered, for 45 days, with Hormone commercial food of 45% CP, plus the addition of bio -prepared composed for malt extract broth and a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces in concentrations: 104 (T1), 106 (T2), 108 CFU ml-1 (T3) and (T4) control without the addition of bio-prepared. At the beginning and end of the experiment the larvae were weighed (mg), measured (cm) and counted. The physical and chemical parameters monitored water remained within ranges considered normal for fish species. The highest values for the variables of larval growth were recorded in the T2 and T3; Final weight (Pf) (305.9 ± 113.2 and 326.1 ± 79.5mg), weight gain (Gp) (299.2 ± 113.2 and 319.4 ± 79.5mg) Final Length (Lf) (2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.2cm), Gain length (Gl) (1.7 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.2cm) and specific growth rate (G) (12.5 ± 0.7 and 12.7 ± 0.5% / day), likewise, the highest values of survival (S) of the larvae were recorded in T3 (68.1 ± 6.8%) and T2 (59.4 ± 20.2%). Therefore the best results were presented in larvae of T2 and T3, to which were given the bio-prepared, showing that the larvae of red tilapia have better growth and survival with the implementation of a bio-prepared probiotic.
ABSTRACT
La piscicultura es una actividad importante para satisfacer la demanda alimenticia de una población en crecimiento y en su práctica es necesario desarrollar tecnologías responsables con el ambiente. El policultivo de tilapia-bocachico es relevante por la importancia de estas especies a nivel nacional; tilapia por sus características zootécnicas, y bocachico por su hábito alimentario detritívoro-iliófago, recientemente visto como un pez ecológico. El cultivo basado en perifiton permitiría un sistema altamente eficiente y más limpio, pues aporta alimento natural a los peces y mejora la calidad del agua. Para evaluar el efecto del perifiton sobre el desempeño del policultivo tilapia-bocachico, se ejecutó un experimento durante ocho meses en 18 estanques de 90 m², con 2,6 tilapias/m² y 0,7 bocachicos/m², sin fertilización; como sustrato para perifiton se instalaron de forma vertical tubos plásticos (3,3 tubos/m²), que se constituyeron en una variable por evaluar. Adicionalmente, tres estrategias alimentarias fueron evaluadas: 0 (sin alimento), alimentación con ración del 20% de proteína bruta (PB) y alimentación con ración del 25% de PB. Se utilizó un diseño factorial 2x3 en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y se analizaron datos productivos mediante ANOVA con un modelo lineal general (P < 0,05). No fueron encontrados efectos del sustrato sobre los parámetros estudiados. Hubo efectos simples de la estrategia alimentaria sobre el desempeño de los peces. Por lo pronto, puede ser concluido que la producción basada en perifiton no genera problemas en el sistema ni en los peces y que se requiere más investigación para consolidar la tecnología.
Fishculture is very important to satisfy human food demand. However, the ignorance in more efficient and environment-friendly systems is a big problem for fish farming activities. Tilapia-Bocachico polyculture is of great interest; tilapia, for the excellent productive characteristics, and bocachico for being a bottom-feeder specie, beside of the great socio-cultural value in this region. An alternative approach is the adoption of periphyton-based pond systems; periphyton can: be a food source for fish and improve water quality, thus becoming into a highly efficient and cleaner system. With the aim to evaluate the periphyton effects on performance of Tilapia-Bocachico polyculture, a trial was carried out for 8 months. Eighteen 90 m² earthen ponds were used under polyculture conditions at low stocking density (2.6 tilapia/m², 0.7 bocachico/m²). These ponds were not fertilized during the experimental period. Plastic tubes of 1.2 m and 6 cm in diameter were used vertically as periphyton substrate at 3.3 tubes/m² rate. Three alimentary strategies were used: 0 (without food), fish feed (20% protein) and fish feed (25% protein); thereby constituting a factorial experiment 2x3 in a randomized complete block with three replications per treatment. They were analyzed using ANOVA with a general linear model (GLM) (p < 0.05). There were no effects of substrates on the study variables, but simple effects of alimentary strategies on the productive parameters. Other parameters are being analyzed and it is still premature to conclude.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, y de corte transversal, con el propósito de investigar la presencia del hongo Phymatotrichopsis omnívora como agente etiológico , del alerta epidemiológica denunciada en un medio de comunicación regional, la cual le atribuyo a este hongo el deterioro de la cosecha del durazno, conocida por los pobladores como secason y algunas lesiones de piel en pacientes adultos y pediátricos de los caseríos, Gabante, área urbana y el Cedral, del Municipio Tovar, Estado Aragua; Venezuela. Se examinaron 144 pacientes con lesiones de piel sospechosos de micosis superficial que acudieron a la consulta de los centros de salud de la zona. Se realizó examen de piel y faneras, examen directo; cultivos para hongos y biopsia de piel los cuales fueron procesados en el laboratorio del Hospital Central de Maracay y en el Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del Instituto Autónomo de Biomedicina, Caracas. Los datos básicos se registraron en ficha epidemiológica; se procedió al análisis estadístico; encontrándose entre las 10 primeras patologías dermatológicas: Pitiriasis alba (18,75%), Queratosis Folicular (11,1%), Quiste Millium (10,4%), Acné (6,25%),Prurigo Infantil (6,25%), Picaduras de Insectos (5,5%),Dermatitis Seborreica (4,9%), Micosis Superficial (4,16%), Urticaria (4,16%), Melasma (3.47%), otras (2.7%). De origen micótico encontramos, dos con Pitiriasis Versicolor cuyo agente etiológico fue Malassezia furfur; dos Onicomicosis, uno Tiña Corporal y uno con Tiña Inguinal; aislándose en los cultivos Trichophytum rubrum. En conclusión: de 144 personas examinadas ninguna presentó lesiones atribuidas al hongo Phymatotrichopsis omnívora.
It was made a cross-sectional descriptive, with the purpose of investigating the presence of the mushroom Phymatotrichopsis omnivore as an etiological agent, of an epidemic alert reported on a regional communications medium; which attributed to this fungus deterioration peach crop, known to residents as 'secasón' and some skin lesions in adult and paediatrics patients in the hamlets, Gabante, urban and Cedral, Tovar Municipality, Aragua; Venezuela. We examined 144 patients with skin lesions suspected of superficial fungal infections and they were seen at the health centers in the area. Examination was made of skin and appendages, direct examination, fungal cultures and skin biopsies which were processed in the laboratory of the Central Hospital of Maracay and the Pathology Department of the Autonomous Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas. Baseline data were recorded in epidemiological record, we proceeded to statistical analysis to be among the top 10 dermatological diseases: Pityriasis Alba (18.75%), follicular keratosis (11.1%), cyst Millium (10.4%) Acne (6.25%), Child Prurigo (6.25%), insect bites (5.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.9%) Superficial Mycoses (4.16%), urticaria (4.16 %), melasma (3.47%), other (2.7%). Of fungal origin found, two with Pityriasis Versicolor whose etiologic agent was Malassezia furfur; two onychomycosis, one Corporal and one Tinea jock itch, isolated from cultures Trichophytum rubrum. In conclusion: of 144 people tested had no injuries attributed to the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivorous.
ABSTRACT
This study described the feeding habits of the characin Astyanax aff. fasciatus. The diet compositions of specimens from two sites (A and B) on a river in Southern Brazil were compared according to the size of individuals and seasonal period. The collections were performed monthly from March 2005 to February 2006, where the stomach contents of 290 specimens were assessed. Food items for A. aff. fasciatus were basically composed of plants and insects, especially leaf fragments, seeds, fruits, filamentous algae, aquatic and terrestrial insects and insect fragments. At site A, the most common items were insect and plant fragments. Conversely at site B, plant fragments were more representative. In general, all items of animal origin showed the highest feeding index values at site A, whereas at site B detritus and grass items were more abundant. The composition of items varied seasonally, with higher diversity of items being recorded during the spring at both sites. Smaller individuals preferred items of animal origin, while the larger ones consumed mainly items of plant origin. According to its size, A. aff. fasciatus in this study may be considered a species with insectivorous tendencies when immature or herbivorous tendencies when adult. Nevertheless, its feeding habits may be flexible according to resource availability, showing wide ontogenetic, besides spatial and temporal variation.
Este estudo descreveu os hábitos alimentares do lambari Astyanax aff. fasciatus. Foram comparadas as composições alimentares de espécimes de dois sítios (A e B) de um rio no sul do Brasil de acordo com o tamanho dos indivíduos e do período sazonal. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente de março de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, sendo o conteúdo estomacal de 290 exemplares analisado. A dieta de A. aff. fasciatus foi composta basicamente por plantas e insetos, especialmente fragmentos de folhas, sementes, frutos, algas filamentosas, insetos aquáticos e terrestres e fragmentos de insetos. No sítio A, os itens de maior importância foram fragmentos de insetos e plantas. Ao contrário no sítio B, fragmentos de plantas foram mais representativos. Em geral, todos os itens de origem animal apresentaram os maiores valores do índice alimentar no sítio A, enquanto que no sítio B detritos e gramíneas foram mais abundantes. A composição dos itens ingeridos variou sazonalmente, sendo a maior diversidade registrada durante o período da primavera para ambos os sítios. Indivíduos pequenos preferiram itens de origem animal enquanto que os maiores consumiram principalmente itens de origem vegetal. De acordo com seu tamanho A. aff. fasciatus neste estudo pode ser considerada uma espécie com tendências à insetivoria quando imaturo, ou à herbivoria quando adulto. No entanto, seu hábito alimentar pode ser flexível de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, mostrando ampla variação tanto ontogenética quanto espacial e temporal.