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1.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1526038

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais dos cuidadores familiares sobre os cuidados paliativos em paciente terminal. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Para a interpretação dos resultados foi empregado como aporte teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 cuidadores familiares de pacientes com câncer em estágio final. Resultado: observou-se a dimensão do cuidador familiar e o meio inserido das representações sociais. O cuidador não é um mero familiar, mas sim alguém que sofre junto com o doente, principalmente, os que estão com câncer em fase terminal, e por isso também precisa de orientações para seus cuidados físico e emocional. Discussão: A teoria das representações sociais, vinculada a área da saúde do cuidador familiar. Considerações finais: As representações sociais do cuidador familiar possibilitaram identificar a verdadeira extensão das questões diárias no cotidiano profissional


Objective: to analyze the social representations of family caregivers about palliative care in terminally ill patients. Method: descriptive study with a qualitative approach. For the interpretation of the results, the Theory of Social Representations was used as a theoretical contribution. The research was conducted with 30 family caregivers of end-stage cancer patients. Result: the dimension of the family caregiver and the inserted environment of the social representations were observed. The caregiver is not a mere family member, but someone who suffers together with the patient, especially those with terminal cancer, and therefore also needs guidance for their physical and emotional care. Discussion: the theory of social representations, linked to the area of family caregiver health. Final considerations:The social representations of the family caregiver made it possible to identify the true extent of daily issues in the professional routine


Objetivos: analizar las representaciones sociales de los cuidadores familiares sobre los cuidados paliativos en pacientes terminales. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Para la interpretación de los resultados se utilizó como aporte teórico la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 30 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer en etapa terminal. Resultado: se observó la dimensión del cuidador familiar y el ambiente inserto de las representaciones sociales. El cuidador no es un simple miembro de la familia, sino alguien que sufre junto con el paciente, especialmente aquellos con cáncer terminal, y por lo tanto también necesita orientación para su cuidado físico y emocional. Discusión: La teoría de las representaciones sociales, vinculada al área de la salud del cuidador familiar. Consideraciones finales: las representaciones sociales del cuidador familiar permitieron identificar la verdadera extensión de las cuestiones cotidianas en el cotidiano profesional


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caregivers , Terminally Ill , Social Representation , Palliative Care
2.
REVISA (Online) ; 12(1): 35-45, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416316

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar o papel da enfermagem em Cuidados Paliativos aos pacientes oncológicos em estado terminal, com base na literatura recente. Método: A revisão integrativa realizada neste trabalho visou efetuar uma análise do tema de interesse para a área de enfermagem. A partir das bases de dados da SciELO, LILACS e BVS. A busca foi realizada entre setembro de 2021 e maio de 2022, sendo selecionados os artigos disponíveis na íntegra, em português e formato original, o ano de publicação compreende os anos de 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Apontam os sentimentos vividos pela equipe de enfermagem e multidisciplinar bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas por esses profissionais, e a deficiência na formação desses profissionais além dos sentimentos envolvidos tanto na família como nos profissionais e como lidam com a terminalidade. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de uma visão mais ampla sobre Cuidados Paliativos com início ainda na graduação até as atividades desenvolvidas nos Cuidados Paliativos, a sobrecarga de trabalho enfreada por esses profissionais, e o aspecto psicológico devido ao sentimento experimentado por eles no processo de morte.


Objective: to identify the role of nursing in palliative care for terminally ill cancer patients based on recent literature. Method: an integrative review carried out in this work aimed at an analysis of the topic of interest in the nursing area. From the SciELO, LILACS and BVS databases. The study was carried out between September 2021 and May 2022, with the selection of articles available in full, in Portuguese and in original format, the year of publication comprises the years of search from 2014 to 2021. Results: They point out the feelings experienced by the nursing team and multidisciplinary, as well as difficulties faced by these professionals, and deficient in the training of these professionals in addition to feelings involved both in the family and in the professionals and how they deal with terminality. Conclusion: There is a need for a broader view of Palliative Care starting at graduation until the activities developed in Palliative Care, the overload of work enfreada by these professionals, and the psychological aspect due to the feeling experienced by them in the process of death.


Objetivo: identificar el papel de la enfermería en los cuidados paliativos para pacientes con cáncer en estado terminal, a partir de la literatura reciente. Método: La revisión integradora realizada en este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis del tema de interés para el área de enfermería. De las bases de datos de SciELO, LILACS y BVS. La búsqueda se realizó entre septiembre de 2021 y mayo de 2022, y se seleccionaron los artículos disponibles en su totalidad, en portugués y en formato original, el año de publicación comprende los años 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Indican los sentimientos experimentados por el equipo de enfermería y multidisciplinario, así como las dificultades a las que se enfrentan estos profesionales, y la deficiencia en la formación de estos profesionales, además de los sentimientos involucrados tanto en la familia como en los profesionales y cómo tratan la terminalidad. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de una visión más amplia de los Cuidados Paliativos desde la graduación hasta las actividades desarrolladas en Cuidados Paliativos, la sobrecarga de trabajo enfreda por parte de estos profesionales, y el aspecto psicológico debido al sentimiento experimentado por ellos en el proceso de muerte.


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Patient Comfort , Medical Oncology
3.
Rev. Assoc. Méd. Rio Gd. do Sul ; 66(1): 01022105, 20220101.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424896

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Since cancer has high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, it is extremely important that the population is aware of risk factors and practices that can prevent this prevalent disease. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study, questionnaires were applied to cancer patients and their companions at the oncology and hematology Department of a Brazilian hospital between September and December 2018. Results: A total of 79 individuals were interviewed, including patients undergoing cancer treatment or their companions. Most participants were over 35 years of age (77.2%), White (81%), female (72.2%), and had an incomplete elementary (25.3%) or high school (25.3%) education. Their answers did not always show awareness of Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines for prevention, screening and treatment. Discussion: This population did not have direct health education but had become involved in the oncology context. The data indicate that the general population has significant knowledge about which screening tests should be performed for each cancer type and the importance of early detection, but not about when to begin screening for different types of cancer or related risk factors. Conclusion: Patients and their companions have considerable knowledge about which tests are used to screen for neoplasms but not about the appropriate age to begin these tests or the related risk factors, which demonstrates that general Brazilian population needs more thorough cancer education.


Introdução: O câncer tem alta taxa de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. Assim, é extremamente importante que a população esteja ciente dos fatores de risco e das práticas que podem prevenir essa doença tão prevalente em nossa sociedade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa por meio de questionários aplicados a pacientes com câncer e seus acompanhantes no Departamento de Oncologia e Hematologia em um hospital brasileiro no período de setembro a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 79 indivíduos, e a amostra contou com pacientes em tratamento oncológico ou acompanhantes. A maioria dos indivíduos tinha mais de 35 anos (77,2%), raça branca (81%), sexo feminino (72,2%), ensino fundamental incompleto (25,3%) ou ensino médio (25,3%), apresentando respostas que nem sempre atendiam aos critérios de prevenção, triagem e tratamento, de acordo com as diretrizes estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Discussão: Os indivíduos fazem parte da população que não é diretamente educada em saúde, mas que está inserida no contexto da oncologia. Os dados obtidos indicam que a população em geral possui conhecimento significativo sobre qual teste de rastreamento deve ser realizado em cada tipo de câncer e a importância da detecção precoce de neoplasias, mas não sobre quando iniciar a triagem de diferentes tipos de câncer e fatores de risco a eles relacionados. Conclusão: Pacientes e acompanhantes têm um conhecimento considerável sobre os exames de escolha para o rastreamento de neoplasias, mas não em relação à faixa etária em que a população deve começar a realizar esses testes e aos fatores de risco relacionados a eles, o que demonstra a necessidade de melhoria da educação sobre o câncer para a população brasileira em geral.


Subject(s)
Medical Oncology
4.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 1000-1006, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013054

ABSTRACT

To understand the current situation, progress, main contents, and the relevant assessment tools of family care in palliative for pediatric oncology patients, this paper reviewed the relevant literature on family care in palliative for pediatric oncology patients and its assessment tools at home and abroad. Taking family care in palliative care as the starting point, this paper discussed the effect of effective family care on improving the treatment outcome, quality of life, prognosis of pediatric oncology patients and the psychological problems of their families, and to provide a basis for continuing to improve the hospital-family-community care model for pediatric oncology patients, bringing into play the active role of family in palliative care, and promoting the continued development of family care for pediatric oncology patients.

5.
Mudanças ; 24(2): 1-10, jul.-dez. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-835053

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os significados do cuidado para profissionais e usuários de um serviço de oncologia. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo. Para coleta de informações o instrumento de complemento de frases juntamente com um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. As informações foram submetidas à análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo proposta por Lefèvre e Lefèvre. Doze sujeitos participaram do estudo, sendo cinco usuários e sete profissionais. O estudo avaliou três eixos temáticos, Cuidado e autocuidado, Serviço e Sugestões. Como resultado, o cuidado foi associado à atenção a si próprio e ao outro, já o autocuidado foi associado à atitude de se ter atenção consigo mesmo, vinculada a prática de hábitos saudáveis e atividades prazerosas. O segundo eixo explorou a necessidade de cuidado à pessoa com câncer, emergindo a importância do atendimento humanizado, e das tecnologias relacionais; e também a necessidade do cuidado para o profissional de saúde. O último eixo apresenta sugestões dos participantes para a instituição, que incluem a criação de espaços de acolhimento e escuta para todos os protagonistas do sistema. Sugere-se a implantação dos princípios da Política Nacional de Humanização, tais como a clínica ampliada, o acolhimento e o controle social para a construção de um espaço que favoreça atender as demandas subjetivas dos atores sociais da saúde.


The objective of this study was to understand the meaning of care for health providers and patients from an oncology service. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in a Brazilian Hospital. Semi-structured interviews and a complementing phrases tool were used to gather information which that was analysed using Collective Subject Discourse proposed by Lefèvre and Lefèvre. Twelve participants were enrolled in the study (five patients andseven health providers). The study analysed three categories, care and self-care, service and Suggestions to enhance quality at services. The care was associated with attention to himself and to the other, self-care was associated with the attitude of paying attention to yourself thru healthy habits and pleasurable activities. The second area explored wasthe need to care for the person with cancer, emerging the importance of humanized care, and relational technologies; and also the need of caring for the health providers as well. The last axis shows suggestions of the participants to theinstitution, including the creation of spaces of welcome and listen to all protagonists. It is suggested to implementthe principles of the National Policy of Humanization, such as amplified clinic, openness and social protagonism to build an environment that fosters meet the subjective demands of all stakeholders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Patient Care , Self Care , Medical Oncology , Patients
6.
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing ; (36): 1770-1773, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-480173

ABSTRACT

Objective To translate the English version of the Oncology Patients' Perceptions of the Quality of Nursing Care Scale (OPPQNCS) into Chinese and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of OPPQNCS in oncology patients.Methods The English version of OPPQNCS was translated by Brislin translation mode.Totally 320 oncology patients were recruited and were investigated by the Chinese version of OPPQNCS.Results The internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of OPPQNCS was more than 0.70,ranged from 0.804 to 0.964;the test-retest was 0.826.The content validity index(CVI) was 0.845-1.000,the average CVI was 0.925.Factor analysis got four factors,which explained 78.548% of the total variance.And every objective factor loading were greater than 0.4.Conclusions The Chinese version of OPPQNCS has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used as a valid tool for the oncology patients to measure their perceptions of the quality of nursing care they got.

7.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 4(2): 149-156, ago. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-596788

ABSTRACT

Los pacientes pediátricos oncológicos con frecuencia presentan lesiones orales debido a su neoplasia o como efecto colateral del tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la prevalencia de patologías de la mucosa oral en niños con cáncer que fueron hospitalizados y tratados con quimioterapia en el Hospital Regional de Concepción, en los años 1997 y 2007. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo longitudinal en datas de 148 pacientes (74 cada año) con patologías neoplásicas en tratamiento con quimioterapia (Leucemias, linfomas, tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central y otros), registrando sus datos generales y la patología bucal (mucositis (M), candidiasis (C), lesiones por Virus Herpes tipo 1 (VHS) y síndromes hemorragíparos (H) . Los datos se resumieron en tablas anuales y fueron sometidos a análisis estadísticos. Se encontró una disminución significativa del número de pacientes con patologías bucales en el año 2007 en relación al año 1997 (P<0.05, Tet de Fisher). Además se encontró una tendencia a la baja en los pacientes con candidiasis y con mucositis en el año 2007 en comparación con 1997. Es necesario seguir estudiando medidas para prevenir, diagnosticar y/o tratar tempranamente las patologías orales de los pacientes en tratamiento antineoplásico.


Pediatric oncology patients frequently have oral lesions due to malignancy or as a side effect of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of oral pathologies in oncology patients hospitalized and treated at the Regional Hospital of Concepción, Chile, in the years 1997 and 2007. A retrospective study was carried out in 74 patients each year. Patients suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, central nervous system tumors, lymphomas and other neoplasms. General data (age, gender, oncologic disease) and presence of oral pathologies (candidiasis, mucositis post-chemotherapy, herpetic lesions and hemorrhage) were obtained from their clinical records. Data was analyzed for statistical differences. A significant reduction in the number of patients with oral pathologies was found in 2007 in comparison to 1997 (P<0.05, Fisher´s test). In addition, candidiasis and oral mucositis showed less prevalence in 2007 as compared to 1997, although no significant differences were found. For the relevance of oral pathologies in the chemotherapy it´s important to continue studies about prevention, early detection and treatment of oral pathologies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Mouth Diseases/chemically induced , Child, Hospitalized , Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology , Candidiasis, Oral/chemically induced , Chile/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/chemically induced , Longitudinal Studies , Leukemia/drug therapy , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Mucositis/epidemiology , Mucositis/chemically induced , Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 40(2): 111-115, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634588

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la distribución y frecuencia de los microorganismos causantes de bacteriemias y fungemias en los pacientes oncológicos internados en el Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, así como describir sus patrones de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Se estudiaron 59 episodios de bacteriemias y fungemias ocurridos entre enero de 2006 y abril de 2007 en 44 pacientes. Del total de los aislamientos recuperados, el 45,8% fueron bacilos gram-negativos, el 35,6% cocos gram-positivos y el 18,6% levaduras. La distribución global de los microorganismos más prevalentes fue: Klebsiella spp. 15,3%; Staphylococcus aureus 11,9%; Candida parapsilosis 11,9%; estafilococos coagulasa negativos 10,2%; Escherichia coli 8,5% y Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6,8%. El 41,2% de las enterobacterias aisladas presentó un fenotipo compatible con la presencia de alguna b-lactamasa de espectro extendido, y el 20,0% de los bacilos gram-negativos no fermentadores presentó multirresistencia a los antibióticos ensayados. En cuanto a los cocos gram-positivos, el 38,5% de los Staphylococcus spp. fue resistente a meticilina. Se puede concluir que los microorganismos más prevalentes en la población estudiada fueron los bacilos gram-negativos; dentro de este grupo las enterobacterias fueron las que presentaron mayor porcentaje de resistencia a los antibióticos ensayados.


The purpose of our research was to know the frequency of microorganisms causing bacteremia and/or fungemia in oncology patients from Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, as well as to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from January 2006 to April 2007. A total of 59 bacteremia and fungemia cases in 44 patients were studied. From the total number of isolations, 45.8% were gram-negative bacilli, 35.6% were gram-positive cocci, and 18.6% were yeasts. The global distribution of the most prevalent microorganisms was the following: Klebsiella spp. 15.3%; Staphylococcus aureus and Candida parapsilosis 11.9%; coagulase-negative staphylococci 10.2%; Escherichia coli 8.5%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6.8%. More than 40% (41.2%) of enterobacteria showed an extended-spectrum b-lactamase phenotype, and 20.0% of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli were multi-resistant to tested antibiotics, while 38.5% of Staphylococcus spp. were methicillin-resistant. In conclusion, the most prevalent microorganisms were gram-negative bacilli, and within this group, enterobacteria evidenced a higher percentage of resistance to tested antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/microbiology , Fungemia/complications , Fungemia/microbiology , Neoplasms/complications , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Fungemia/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence
9.
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology ; (24)2005.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-590196

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risks of nosocomial infection and establish an effective control of infection diseases in Department of Oncology of the Hospital.METHODS Prospective and retrospective studies on 943 hospitalized patients in Department of Oncology were carried out.RESULTS Amony them,161(17.07%) cases occurred the nosocomial infection and the total infection case-times were 224(23.75%);but,the average of the nosocomial infection during the period in our whole hospital was 4.8%.Two major infected sites were respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts;the major pathogens that caused nosocomial infection were Candida albicans,the next were Staphylococcus.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection rate could be decreased by surveying the infection risk factors and developing effective control.

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