Reconstrucción mamaria inmediata en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba / Immediate Breast Reconstruction at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of Cuba

RESUMEN Introducción: La reconstrucción mamaria inmediata disminuye el impacto psicológico del cáncer de mama y mejora la calidad de vida de las pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la simetría en la reconstrucción mamaria inmediata en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba. Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico y prospectivo, de cohorte incidente, en el Servicio de Cirugía Reconstructiva del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de 2014 al 2017. Se incluyeron 41 pacientes que consintieron participar en el estudio. Se recogieron variables demográficas y onco-reconstructivas. Se utilizó un software creado en la institución para evaluar la simetría mamaria. Los datos se recogieron de la historia clínica. Se aplicaron el test de Chi-cuadrado corregido y la razón de momios para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 30,2 por ciento de mujeres reconstruidas pertenecieron al grupo de 30 a 39 años; el 46,3 por ciento tenían sobrepeso. La mejor simetría se encontró con las técnicas oncoplásticas (31,7 por ciento), seguida de la mastectomía ahorradora de piel. La técnica de expansión tisular con la mastectomía presentó mayores complicaciones (63,6 por ciento) y menor simetría. La necrosis parcial de piel fue la mayor complicación en 7,3 por ciento y estuvo relacionadas con las técnicas ahorradoras de piel. Conclusiones: Evaluar de forma objetiva la simetría mamaria permitió conocer la efectividad de las técnicas quirúrgicas reconstructivas. Con las técnicas de cirugía oncoplástica y mastectomía ahorradora de piel se obtuvieron los mejores resultados estéticos y pocas complicaciones. La expansión mamaria inmediata con una mastectomía radical modificada no ofrece ninguna ventaja(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Immediate breast reconstruction reduces the psychological impact of breast cancer and improves the quality of life of patients. Objective: To assess symmetry in immediate breast reconstruction at the of Cuba. Method: An analytical and prospective study of incident cohort was carried out in the reconstructive surgery service at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), from 2014 to 2017. Forty-one patients who consented to participate in the study were included. Demographic and oncoreconstructive variables were collected. A software created in the institution was used to assess breast symmetry. The data were collected from the medical histories. The corrected chi-square test and odds ratio were applied for statistical analysis. Results: 30.2 percent of women who received reconstruction belonged to the age group 30-39 years; 46.3 percent were overweight. The best symmetry was found with oncoplastic techniques (31.7 percent), followed by skin-sparing mastectomy. The tissue expansion technique with mastectomy presented greater complications (63.6 percent) and less symmetry. Partial skin necrosis was the major complication, accounting for 7.3 percent of the cases, and was related to skin-sparing techniques. Conclusions: Objectively evaluating breast symmetry allowed us to know the effectiveness of reconstructive surgical techniques. With oncoplastic surgery and skin-sparing mastectomy techniques, the best aesthetic outcomes and few complications were obtained. Immediate breast expansion with a modified radical mastectomy offers no benefit(AU)

Transformation of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor and the use of oncoplastic technique for breast conservative treatment / A transformação do fibroadenoma em tumor filóides e o uso de técnicas oncoplásticas no tratamento cirúrgico conservador de mama

Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare neoplasms accounting for <1% of breast lesions. A transformation of a fibroadenoma (FA) to a PT is even more rare and unpredictable. Many challenges face PT management, since diagnostic through surgical treatment. We describe a case of a 63-year old woman with PT that was previously diagnosed as a FA who underwent an oncoplastic conservative surgery. A review of the literature on the diagnostic and surgical management of PT was performed. The diagnostic of PT can be hard mostly in needle biopsy, and the close follow up of negative lesions is recommended. Oncoplastic techniques might be an important tool on the conservative treatment of these patients.

O tumor filoide (TF) é uma rara neoplasia que corresponde a menos de 1% das lesões mamárias. A tranformação do fibroadenoma (FA) em TF é um evento raro e imprevisível. Existem muitos desafios no manejo dos TF, desde o seu diagnóstico ao tratamento. Nós descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 63 anos com TF com diagnóstico prévio de FA que foi submetida ao tratamento cirúrgico conservador da mama por técnicas oncoplásticas. Uma revisão da literatura sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento do TF foi realizada. O diagnóstico dessa condição pode ser especialmente difícil quando feito a partir de amostra de biópsias por agulha, e em caso de resultados negativos recomenda-se acompanhamento rigoroso. As técnicas oncoplásticas podem ser uma importante ferramenta no tratamento cirúrgico conservador desses pacientes.

Oncoplastia en cirugía conservadora de la mama / Oncoplasty in breast-conserving treatment

Introducción En el presente trabajo se considera a la cirugía conservadora como abordaje efectivo para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Se describe el surgimiento de la cirugía oncoplástica para la reparación de secuelas derivadas del tratamiento conservador. Se presenta una reseña de la anatomía de la mama: la glándula mamaria desde la conformación de su parénquima, su localización, vascularización e inervación. Luego, se considera la segmentación de la mama: descripción de la segmentación clásica de la mama y la más reciente elaborada por Acea B y cols., para la identificación de zonas críticas en el abordaje quirúrgico y la predicción de potenciales secuelas del mismo. Desarrollo El desarrollo de este trabajo se organiza en torno a los siguientes temas: Consideraciones en el tratamiento oncoplástico del cáncer de mama. Factores a tener en cuenta ante la indicación de una cirugía conservadora: el volumen mamario, la localización y volumen tumoral. Toma de decisiones y aplicabilidad de una técnica reconstructiva adecuada a la paciente en un tiempo adecuado. Reconstrucción mamaria. Descripción de las principales técnicas de acuerdo con la localización tumoral. Reconstrucción mamaria con colgajos locales: técnicas e indicaciones de cirugía reconstructiva con colgajos de vecindad. Secuelas del tratamiento quirúrgico conservador. Clasificación de las mismas y técnicas de reparación. Conclusiones Se resumen las observaciones finales en cuanto a la aplicabilidad de la cirugía oncoplástica y su articulación con el tratamiento conservador.

Introduction Conservative surgery as an effective approach for breast cancer treatment. The emergence of oncoplastic surgery to repair sequelae derived from conservative treatment. Breast anatomy: the conformation of mammary gland´s parenchyma, its location, vascularization and innervation. Breast segmentation: description of the classical segmentation, and the most recent one elaborated by Acea B et al., to identify critical areas in the surgical approach as well as to predict possible sequelae. Development Considerations of the oncoplastic treatment of breast cancer. Factors to consider in the indication of breast-conserving treatment: breast volume, location and tumor volume. Decision making and the application of a suitable reconstructive technique for each patient at an appropriate time. Breast reconstruction. Description of the main techniques according to the tumor location. Breast reconstruction with local flaps: techniques and indications of reconstructive surgery with neighborhood flaps. Breast-conserving treatment's sequelae. Classification and repairment techniques. Conclusions Final observations regarding the application of oncoplastic surgery and its articulation with conservative treatment.

TRENDS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD ONCOPLASTICS TRAINING IN MASTOLOGY IN BRAZIL / Tendências e atitudes para o treinamento oncoplástico em Mastologia no Brasil

Introduction: There is a growing interest in, and an increasing demand for, oncoplastic (OP) and reconstructive surgery training by breast surgeons. However, until now there has been a lack of a specific model for training in this field in most countries and no data with respect to learning curves. Mastology has been a medical specialty in Brazil since 1978. It is fully dedicated to studying, preventing, diagnosing, and managing all diseases of the breast. Incorporation of OP and reconstructive surgery in Mastology presents a number of challenges, and there are some controversial issues to overcome. Objective: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to analyze how OP and reconstructive techniques are being incorporated into surgical training in Mastology in Brazil. Methods: A specific survey was designed to cover all surgical residents who concluded their regular program in Mastology in Brazil in 2015 and 2016. Results: One hundred twenty-four residents from 49 breast units were included, with the majority having their training for all 2 years of their residence, as recommended by the Brazilian Society of Mastology. In addition, most of the respondents were able to perform partial breast reconstructions and reconstructions using expanders and implants, but 20% of them had a lack of specific training in these techniques. Conclusion: As adequate local control of disease and quality of life are related to surgical decisions, it is expected that breast surgeons expand their limits and responsibilities in order improve the reality of most breast cancer patients.

Introdução: Existe um interesse e uma demanda crescente de treinamento oncoplástico (OP) e cirurgia reconstrutiva por cirurgiões de mama. No entanto, até agora tem faltado um modelo específico de treinamento neste campo na maioria dos países, sem dados com relação à curva de aprendizado. A Mastologia tem sido uma especialidade médica no Brasil desde 1978. É totalmente dedicada a estudar, prevenir, diagnosticar e gerenciar todas as doenças da mama. A incorporação de OP e cirurgia reconstrutiva na Mastologia apresenta uma série de desafios, e há algumas questões controversas a serem superadas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo, portanto, foi analisar como a OP e as técnicas reconstrutivas estão sendo incorporadas no treinamento cirúrgico em Mastologia no Brasil. Métodos: uma pesquisa específica foi projetada para cobrir todos os residentes cirúrgicos que concluíram seu programa regular em Mastologia no Brasil em 2015 e 2016. Resultados: Foram incluídos 124 residentes de 49 unidades mamárias, com a maioria treinada durante todos os 2 anos de residência, conforme recomendado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia. Além disso, a maioria dos entrevistados foi capaz de realizar reconstruções e reconstruções mamárias parciais usando expansores e implantes. Mas ainda 20% deles apresentaram falta de treinamento específico nestas técnicas. Conclusão: uma vez que o controle local adequado da doença e da qualidade de vida está relacionado às decisões cirúrgicas, espera-se que os cirurgiões de mama ampliem seus limites e responsabilidades para melhorar a realidade da maioria dos pacientes com câncer de mama.

Mamoplastía excisional en el manejo del tumor Filodes / Excisional mammoplasty in the management of the tumor Filodes

Se presenta el siguiente estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo en un lapso de 16 años de pacientes que consultaron con diagnóstico de tumor Filodes al departamento de Cirugía del Hospital General San Juan de Dios. Todas las pacientes recibieron imagen y diagnóstico preoperatorio con Mamografía, Ultrasonido, biopsia aguja gruesa y algunos casos con biopsia incisional o excisional...

The present following descriptive retrospective study over a period of 16 years of patients admitted with a diagnosis of phylldes tumor to the departament of surgery of the Hospital General San Juan de Dios.All patients received preoperative image diagnostic with mammography ultrasound biopsy core needlebiopsy anxd cases with incision or excision biopsy...

Patrones oncoplásticos en el tratamiento conservador del cáncer de mama y lesiones de riesgo / Ncoplastic patterns in the conservative treatment of breast cancer and high risk lesions

Objetivo: Demostrar la eficacia de la utilización de patrones oncoplásticos por el cirujano de la mama en la realización de la tumorectomía adecuada con resultados cosméticos satisfactorios en el Centro Clínico Familia, Puerto Ordaz. Pacientes y método: Estudio prospectivo en pacientes con cáncer de mama o lesiones benignas de riesgo entre septiembre 2009 y diciembre 2011, en quienes la tumorectomía convencional ocasionaría acentuados defectos cosméticos y ésto determinado por tamaño, localización, relación volumen tumor/mama, multicentricidad y/o bilateralidad de la lesión. Resultados: Se operaron 11 pacientes. Ocho pacientes con cáncer. Carcinoma infiltrante: siete pacientes (63,7%), carcinoma lobulillar in situ: un paciente (9%), y con hiperplasia ductal atípica: tres pacientes (28,1%). El patrón oncoplástico más utilizado fue la mamoplastia vertical de pedículo inferior de rama única: seis paciente (54,5%). La mamoplastia vertical de pedículo superior de rama única y la técnica de Grisotti: dos pacientes (18%), respectivamente. La mamoplastia circunareolar un caso (9%). Se practicó biopsia del ganglio centinela en cinco pacientes, sin complicaciones atribuibles a la inyección de azul patente subareolar. Los resultados cosméticos fueron satisfactorios. Una paciente presentó discreta asimetría de altura de complejo areola ­ pezón y otra paciente un hematoma que se drenó ambulatoriamente. Conclusión: Los patrones oncoplásticos son técnicas quirúrgicas eficaces en el tratamiento conservador del cáncer de mama logrando la extirpación oncológica con excelentes resultados cosméticos. Estos procedimientos pueden ser practicados por el cirujano de la mama sin entrenamiento formal en cirugía plástica, pero sí fundamentado en una minuciosa planificación y técnicas sin excesiva complejidad(AU)

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of oncoplastic techniques by the breast surgeon performing the lumpectomy with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, at the Centro Clínico Familia, Puerto Ordaz. Patients and method: A prospective study in patients with breast cancer and risk lesions, between September 2009 - December 2011, in whom conventional lumpectomy would cause cosmetic defect and this was determined by the size, location, and relation tumor/breast volume, multicentric or bilateral lesion. Results: Eleven patients were operated. Eight with diagnosed breast cancer. Invasive carcinoma: seven patients (63.7%), lobular in situ carcinoma: one patient (9%) and with atypical ductal hyperplasia: three patients (28.1%). The oncoplastic technique more used was the vertical mamoplasty with inferior single branch pedicle: six patients (54.5%). The vertical mammoplasty with superior branch single pedicle and Grisotti´s technique: two patients (18%) respectively. periareolar mamoplasty: one case (9%). Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed on five patients without complications due to the subareolar injection of patent blue. The cosmetic results were satisfactory. One patient presented a little asymmetry of height of complex areola - nipple and another patient presented a hematoma that was drained ambulatory. Conclusion: Oncoplastic techniques are effective surgical techniques in the conservative treatment of breast cancer and allow extensive resection with excellent cosmetic results. These procedures can be performed by the breast surgeon without formal training in plastic surgery, but based on a thorough planning of techniques without excessive complexity(AU)