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Objective:To explore the role of one-to-one teaching led by international enterostomal therapist (ET) in the standardized training of wound stoma in gastrointestinal surgery.Methods:A total of 36 interns who underwent standardized training in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the control group, and the traditional teaching was adopted. Other 38 interns who were trained from May 2020 to October 2020 wre grouped into research group, and ET-led one-to-one teaching was adopted. The scores of theoretical knowledge and practical operation skills of gastrointestinal surgery wound stoma were compared between the two groups after the training, and the scores of case analysis, problem analysis and solving, knowledge application and comprehensive ability before and after the training were compared. Besides, satisfaction with methods and teaching effectiveness was compared. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The clinical theoretical knowledge [(93.45±5.28) vs. (90.11±6.39)] and practical operation skills assessment scores [(92.25±6.18) vs. (89.13±5.36)] of the research group were all significantly higher than those of the control group after training ( P<0.05); the scores of case analysis ability, problem analysis and solving ability, knowledge application ability, and comprehensive ability of the two groups after the training were significantly higher than those before the training ( P<0.05), and the above scores in the research group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfaction of the interns in the study group with teaching methods and teaching effects was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Applying ET-led one-to-one teaching to the wound and stoma teaching of gastrointestinal surgery residents can significantly improve their assessment performance, teaching satisfaction, and the teaching effect, and improve their case analysis ability, problem analysis and solving ability, knowledge application ability, and comprehensive ability.
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Background: There is an increasing recognition ofeffectiveness of one to one intervention for autistic childrenbefore age of 6 years old. Our objective was to explore theimportance of early detection and early intervention by one toone maneuver.Methods: We studied 100 children aged divided into twogroups of children, each group composed of 50 autisticchildren. The first group aged 22months- 6years old and hadreceived 15-20 hours a week of the intervention – one to onesessions of comprehensive early intervention program, whilethat of the second group aged 6 – 12 years old and werealready receiving group -based programs of intervention.Autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed clinically by DSM-Vthen participants were assessed before and after interventionby CARS-2-ST and by Vineland Adaptive Behaviours Scales–Second Edition (VABS-II) that was conducted by a licensedpsychologist.Results: As regard the first group Statistically significant postintervention improvements were found in children’sperformance on their overall intellectual functioning andsignificant increases in their child’s communication,socialization, daily living skills and motor skills on the VABS-II,and a significant decrease in autism-specific features on theCARS scale. Nonetheless, these results are different from thesecond group as showed mild improvement statistically nonsignificant.Conclusion: Our results in children indicated a significantrelationship between early intervention of one to one sessionsand prominent improvement. However, the late intervention bygroup based session’s revealed unapparent improvement.
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Resumen Los principios de conteo propuestos por Gelman y Gallistel (1978): orden estable, correspondencia biunívoca y cardinalidad, han sido ampliamente estudiados para dar cuenta del conteo. No obstante, la evidencia sobre la propiedad de cardinalidad no siempre se valora mediante un procedimiento válido, además se conoce poco sobre la transición en habilidades de conteo desde temprana edad. Este estudio se diseñó para evaluar el desempeño de infantes en distintas tareas de conteo como una función de la edad, así como comparar la ejecución en las tareas de cardinalidad ¿Cuántos hay? y Dame N cuando se satisface el requisito de niveles más simples de conteo. Participaron 48 niños entre 30 y 54 meses de edad, seleccionados de Centros Escolares de la Ciudad de México. Todos los participantes fueron expuestos a tareas de orden estable y correspondencia biunívoca como requisito para la aplicación de las tareas de cardinalidad "¿Cuántos hay?" y "Dame N" como fase de prueba de la propiedad de cardinalidad. Los resultados mostraron una ejecución mayor en ¿Cuántos hay? para niños después de los 36 meses, así como una relación lineal positiva entre la ejecución de las tareas y la edad, siendo mayor el nivel de ajuste en el modelo que incluye la ejecución en Dame N como variable predicha. Los datos se discuten en función de la pertinencia de las diferentes tareas en la medición de cardinalidad y se plantea que el desarrollo de habilidades cardinales no necesariamente parte del dominio de propiedades más simples de conteo como única condición.
Abstract The counting principles proposed by Gelman and Gallistel (1978): stable order, biunivocal correspondence and cardinality, have been widely studied to account for the count. However, evidence on cardinality ownership is not always assessed by a valid procedure, and little is known about the transition in counting skills from an early age. This study was designed to evaluate the performance of infants in different counting tasks as a function of age, as well as to compare the perfor mance in cardinality tasks How many? and Give N when the requirement of simpler counting levels is satisfied. Participants were 48 children between 30 and 54 months of age, selected from School Centers in Mexico City. All of the participants were exposed to tasks of a stable order, and one-to-one correspondence as a requisite for the application of the cardinality tasks "How many?" and "Give N" as a test phase of the cardinality property. The results showed a greater execution in How many? in children after 36 months, as well as a positive linear relationship between the execution of tasks and age, with the level of adjustment in the model that includes the performance in Dame N as the predicted variable being higher. Data are discussed according to the pertinence of the different tasks in the measurement of cardinality and it is stated that the development of cardinal abilities does not necessarily part from the domain of simpler properties of counting as the only condition.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the patient' satisfaction with one-to-one pre-dispensing mode in outpatient pharmacy and the status of dispensing mode in mainland China, promoting to improve the quality of outpatient pharmacy services. METHODS: A questionnaire regarding patients' satisfaction with dispensing mode was undertaken. Meanwhile, researches evaluating dispensing mode were identified from CBM, CNKI, VIPdatabase, systematic review was conducted to analyze this included studies. RESULTS: A total of 216 questionnaires were finished in outpatient pharmacy, 191 (88.4%) were valid questionnaires, 89% of patients got medicine in 5 min, 95.9% thought the medication label message was clear, 97.9% of the patients were satisfied with the dispensing mode and 95.8% with the overall quality of service. The systematic review included 25 studies, 92% of studies were before and after control study, 4% were randomized controlled study, 4% were survey; 52% evaluated before and after counter dispensing mode, 20% evaluated automatic dispensing system, 12% evaluate done card dispensing mode, 4% evaluated barcode scanning dispensing system; 48% of the studies used dispensing error events as outcome measurement, 44% used waiting time for medication, 24% used patient' satisfaction; before and after counter dispensing mode was the most common dispensing mode; one card dispensing mode optimized the dispensing process, it was widely used in economically developed regions and numerous patients in outpatient; automated dispensing model only applied in some hospitals due to higher costs and space requirement. CONCLUSION: Overall, patients were satisfied with one-to-one pre-dispensing mode in outpatient pharmacy, one card dispensing mode was worth learning in the process of optimizing the quality of outpatient service in future. At present, there were several dispensing mode, without a unified outcome measurement, further studies are needed to confirm it.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the combined effects of one to one whole process companion delivery model on emotional status and postnatal recovery of parturients.Methods350 cases adopted one to one whole process companion delivery model were set as the observation group,another 350 cases who did not received companion delivery model were set as the control group.The emotional state and postpartum recovery (the amount of vaginal bleeding after childbirth,time of the uterus return to normal size,and the incidence of urinary retention 6 h after delivery,colostrum time and fasting time) were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the observation group,312 cases were mild anxiety(89.1％),24 cases were with moderate anxiety (6.9％),14 cases were with severe anxiety (4.0％).In the control group,32 patients with mild anxiety (9.1％),237 cases were with moderate anxiety(67.7％),81 patients were with severe anxiety(23.2％),the difference was significant.In the observation group,postpartum vaginal bleeding was(48.6 ± 9.7) ml,time length of the size of the uterus return to normal was(4.5 ± 3.1 ) weeks,the incidence of postpartum urinary retention 6 hours after delivery was 1.4％,colostrum time (16.4 ± 5.3) h,and fasting time was (12.4 ± 2.1 ) h.In the control group,postpartum vaginal bleeding was (56.5 ± 11.2) ml,time length of the size of the uterus return to normal was(7.1 ± 4.2) weeks,the incidence of postpartum urinary retention 6 hours after delivery was 6.9％,colostrum time was (23.5 ± 4.7) h,and fasting time was (15.3 ± 2.6) h,the difference was significant.Conclusions One to one whole process companion delivery model helps reduce maternal anxiety,fears,reduce the incidence of postpartum unfavorable situation effectively and promote early resumption of maternal,it is worthy of clinical application.