ABSTRACT
Introducción: el desempeño profesional del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia en la actualidad está dado por el incremento del perfil ocupacional y los escenarios laborales, que provoca el desarrollo de funciones y competencias profesionales diferentes a las del currículo. Objetivo: diseñar un modelo del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia que contribuyan a su desempeño en los servicios, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional actual de la especialidad en Cuba. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo, prospectiva y propositiva que se efectuó sobre la base de funciones y competencias identificadas en estudios anteriores. Se utilizaron indagaciones teóricas y empíricas, mediante grupo de discusión y método Delphi con expertos seleccionados. Resultados: se definieron las características y principios en el modelo propuesto, se sustentaron en fundamentos de varias ciencias, se identificaron sus relaciones internas y externas; se evidencian relaciones entre las actividades de formación, el cumplimiento de funciones y competencias profesionales con su desempeño en los servicios. El modelo posee carácter sistémico, flexible, permite ser modificado en función de la solución de problemas ante las necesidades de la sociedad. Promueve transformaciones en el comportamiento de residentes y especialistas. Se valida teóricamente por dos grupos de expertos. Conclusiones: se diseña un modelo científico del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia por competencias profesionales que contribuye al perfeccionamiento del perfil profesional, la educación en el trabajo, la integración docente-asistencial-investigativa, la educación tutorial del residente, a estimular la educación continuada posgraduada y a lograr un mejor desempeño en los servicios(AU)
Introduction: The current professional performance of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist is given by the broadening of the occupational profile and working settings, which causes the development of functions and professional competences different from those in the curriculum. Objective: To design a model of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist that contributes to the performance at services, in correspondence with the current professional profile of such specialty in Cuba. Methods: Developmental, prospective and propositive research carried out upon the base of functions and competences identified in previous studies. We used theoretical and empirical insights, through discussion group and the Delphi method with selected experts. Results: The characteristics and principles were defined in the proposed model. They were based on foundations given by several sciences. Their internal and external relations were identified. We perceived relationships between the training activities, the fulfillment of professional functions, and the competences with their performance in services. The model has a systemic, flexible character, allows to be modified according to the solution of problems considering the needs of the society. It promotes transformations in the behavior of residents and specialists. It is theoretically validated by two groups of experts. Conclusions: A scientific model of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist is designed, based upon professional competences, and which contributes to the improvement of the professional profile, education at work, the integration of teaching, care delivery and investigation, and the tutor-related education of the resident, in order to stimulate ongoing postgraduate education and to achieve a better performance at services(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Competence , Delphi Technique , Critical Care , Ambulatory CareABSTRACT
Resumo Pretende-se conhecer as dificuldades sentidas pelos médicos de família (MF) na abordagem dos doentes com transtornos mentais (TM) e conhecer as suas propostas para melhorar os cuidados os cuidados de saúde mental (CSM). Estudo qualitativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e audio-gravadas a 10 MF. Com análise de conteúdo identificaram-se oito categorias temáticas: condições de trabalho percecionadas; formação em saúde; terapêuticas usadas para tratamento dos TM; instrumentos de saúde mental usados na consulta; TM abordados na atenção primária (AP) e referenciadas a cuidados hospitalares; reação do doente à referenciação; articulação da atenção primária com a psiquiatria; propostas para melhorar os CSM na AP. A articulação com os serviços de saúde mental é deficiente pela falta de acessibilidade, comunicação unidirecional e atraso na resposta. Para melhorar os MF propõem criação de consultorias; equipes multidisciplinares; plataformas que permitam a comunicação bidirecional; aprendizagem contínua com a discussão de casos. O MF presta CSM, o que exige trabalho em equipe, com elementos da comunidade e dos hospitais. Os serviços devem organizar-se como sistemas aprendentes que permitam a progressiva melhoria dos profissionais e o aperfeiçoamento das interfaces entre os mesmos.
Abstract This study seeks to understand the difficulties experienced by family physicians (FP) in the management of mental disorders (MD) and their proposals to improve the quality of care. It is qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with ten family physicians. These were recorded, transcribed and their content analyzed. Eight thematic categories were identified: perceived working conditions and available resources; perceived level of training in mental health; therapies used for treatment of MD; mental health instruments used in consultation; MD addressed in Primary Health Care (PHC) and referral to hospitals; patient's reaction to referral; articulation of PHC with hospitals; proposals to improve mental health care in PHC. Articulation with the Mental Health Services suffers from lack of accessibility, one-way communication and delayed response. The FP propose creation of consultancies; multidisciplinary teams in the community; creating a two-way communication platform; continuous learning through discussion of cases. The FP have responsibilities in providing MHC. This requires working in a multidisciplinary team. Services should be organized to function as a learning system that allows the progressive improvement of the professionals and the improvement of the interfaces between them.