ABSTRACT
This tutorial explains the basic principles of mechanistic ligand-receptor interaction model, which is an operational model of agonism. A growing number of agonist drugs, especially immune oncology drugs, is currently being developed. In this tutorial, time-dependent ordinary differential equation for simple E(max) operational model of agonism was derived step by step. The differential equation could be applied in a pharmacodynamic modeling software, such as NONMEM, for use in non-steady state experiments, in which experimental data are generated while the interaction between ligand and receptor changes over time. Making the most of the non-steady state experimental data would simplify the experimental processes, and furthermore allow us to identify more detailed kinetics of a potential drug. The operational model of agonism could be useful to predict the optimal dose for agonistic drugs from in vitro and in vivo animal pharmacology experiments at the very early phase of drug development.
Subject(s)
Animals , Felodipine , In Vitro Techniques , Kinetics , PharmacologyABSTRACT
En la investigación se estudian las cohortes 2002-2003, 2003-2005 y 2005-2006 de los cursos de especialización en Administración en Salud Pública y Administración de Hospitales, de la Escuela de Salud Pública; modalidad semipresencial; cuyos Comités Académicos implementaron un Programa de Intervención para fomentar la culminación del Trabajo Especial de Investigación fundamentado en un sistema tutorial, cuya sistematización y puesta en marcha requiere de un proceso de evaluación del impacto del mismo. Se evidencia que los cursos de posgrado analizados presentan una alta productividad en cuanto a la aprobación de asignaturas del plan de estudios, pero con bajo índice de elaboración de Trabajos Especiales de Investigación y de graduados; productividad que se incrementa con la implementación de una serie de estrategias centradas en la creación de grupos de trabajo interdisciplinarios, desarrollo de seminarios de investigación y ejecución de jornadas para la presentación y discusión de trabajos de investigación
In the present investigation were studied The Cohorts 2002-2003, 2003-2005 and 2005-2006 of the specialization courses in Public Health Administration and Hospital Administration, at the Public Health School; semipresential modality. The Academic Committees implemented an intervention program in order to foment the successful ending of the Special Trial of Investigation based on a tutorial system, whose systematization and beginning required of a process of evaluation of the impact itself. It was evidenced that the analyzed postgraduate courses presented a high performance with regard to the approval of signatures in the curriculum, but with a low index of making of the Special Trials of Investigation and postgraduates. The productivity will be increased with the implementation of a series of strategies focused in the creation of interdisciplinary grouping workings, the developing of investigation seminaries and execution of working days for the presentation and discussion of this trials
Subject(s)
Evaluation of Research Programs and Tools , Health Postgraduate Programs , Schools, Public HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective approach for clinical pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care to outpatients.METHODS: Based on our personal experience and the mode of pharmaceutical consultation service in our hospital as well as the case study,the setting up and operational model of drug consultation service for outpatients were introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: If requirements on personnel and hardware & software satisfied,setting drug consultation service for outpatients that operated in 5 steps including probing into patient's basic condition and analyzing patient's medication condition etc can greatly enhance patients' medication compliance.