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1.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 143-150, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247884

ABSTRACT

Los tumores (Tu) del SNC constituyen la segunda enfermedad oncológica en edad pediátrica, con una incidencia referida aproximada que oscila entre el 10 y 15%. En 309 pacientes con tumores selares y supraselares, seguidos durante 15 años, se evaluó en función de los distintos oncotipos tumorales, síntomas iniciales y alteraciones endocrinológicas previas al inicio del tratamiento. De ellos, 227 pacientes presentaron el tumor a edad prepuberal. Los oncotipos tumorales más frecuentes fueron craneofaringioma (CRA), glioma (GLIA) y tumor de células germinales (GERM). También, se encontró una mayor incidencia de presentación en varones. En edad puberal (n:92), el oncotipo tumoral más frecuente fue adenoma hipofisario (ADENO), seguido de GLIA y CRA. En este ultimo oncotipo tumoral, y, a diferencia del grupo prepuberal, su incidencia fue significativamente mayor en niñas. Aproximadamente 90% de los pacientes tuvieron anormalidades neuro-oftalmológicas (hipertensión craneal, dolores de cabeza, vómitos y pérdida progresiva de la visión) como uno de los signos y/o síntomas iniciales. Alteraciones clínicas endocrinológicas como baja talla, velocidad de crecimiento anormal, diabetes insípida y alteraciones del tempo puberal son frecuentes en estos pacientes y están habitualmente asociadas con las alteraciones clínico-neuro-oftalmológicas como las ya mencionadas. No obstante, la mayoría de los tumores del SNC localizados en la línea media suelen ser diagnosticados por manifestaciones neuro-oftalmológicas. Los resultados del estudio muestran alteración de la función endócrina al diagnóstico del Tu. Se concluye que en todo paciente con crecimiento lento o baja talla, así como también signos clínicos que orienten a un diagnóstico de pubertad precoz y/o retardada, el pediatra debe incluir dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, el diagnóstico del tumor selar o supraselar. La morbilidad aumenta frecuentemente luego de la cirugía (AU)


During the last 15 years, 309 patients with tumors of the sellar and suprasellar areas of CNS were followed in our Hospital (Endocrine Service). Tumor oncotype, initial symptoms and endocrine disturbances before any treatment was started are presented. In 227 patients, the tumor was diagnosed at prepubertal age. In this group, the most frequent tumoral oncotypes were craniopharyngioma (CRA), glial tumors (GLIA) and germ cells tumors (GERM). The incidence was higher in boys. At pubertal age (n:92), the most frequent tumoral oncotype was pituitary adenoma (ADENO), followed by GLIA and CRA. In the latter, and different from the prepubertal group, the incidence was significantly higher in girls. Approximately 90% of patients had neuro-ophtalmological abnormalities (cranial hypertension, headaches, vomits, and progressive loss of vision) as one of the initial signs and/or symptoms. Clinical endocrine disorders, such as short stature, low growth velocity, diabetes insipidus, and alterations in pubertal "tempo" are frequent in these patients and are often associated with the neuro-ophtalmological abnormalities mentioned above. This clinical symptomatology has to alert the medical team to discard the presence of a CNS tumor at the sellar and/or suprasellar level. We conclude that tumors of the SNC localized in the midline, have potential capacity to provoke abnormalities in endocrine function. Morbidity is often increased after surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Vision Disorders/etiology , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/classification , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/complications , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diabetes Insipidus/etiology , Sella Turcica , Retrospective Studies , Growth Disorders/etiology
2.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(10): 2260-2272, out. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-528870

ABSTRACT

Este estudo transversal de base populacional investigou a prevalência de utilização de serviços de saúde ocular e sua associação com fatores sócio-demográficos, necessidades em saúde e forma de financiamento da consulta. Avaliaram-se 2.960 indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais. Nos últimos cinco anos, 46 por cento dos entrevistados e 30 por cento daqueles com 50 anos ou mais não consultaram para os olhos. Dos que consultaram, 18 por cento foram em óticas, e apenas 17 por cento foram no setor público. O principal motivo foi não enxergar bem (69,5 por cento). Falta de dinheiro (29 por cento) e de tempo (24,6 por cento) foram os principais motivos para ter deixado de consultar. Idade, escolaridade e nível econômico estiveram diretamente associados com ter consultado nos últimos cinco anos. Ser mulher, ter catarata, glaucoma e usar correção, bem como consultar no setor privado também estiveram positivamente associados com o desfecho. É preciso não só aumentar a participação do setor público, integrando a saúde ocular a todos os níveis de atenção, ampliando a participação de outros profissionais de saúde, como também intensificar o rastreamento de problemas oculares e a sua prevenção.


This cross-sectional population-based study investigated the prevalence of eye care services utilization and the association with socioeconomic and demographic factors, need for health care, and type of service payment. The study evaluated 2,960 adults aged 20 and older. In the previous 5 years, 46 percent of the sample and 30 percent of those aged 50 and older had not visited an eye care service. Among the persons who used a service, 18 percent went to an optical store and only 17 percent used the public health system. The main reason for using eye care services was poor vision (69.5 percent). Lack of money (29 percent) and time (24.6 percent) were the most frequently cited reasons for non-utilization. Age, education, and economic status were directly associated with the outcome. Female gender, cataract, glaucoma, prescription eyewear, and private appointments were also associated with the outcome. It is necessary to increase the public health system's role, integrating ocular health with all levels of health care, expanding participation by other health professionals, and intensifying screening and prevention of eye problems.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Eye Diseases , Health Services Research , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/therapy , Income , Sex Factors , Young Adult
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 68(4): 231-236, jul.-ago. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530971

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparação da facilidade de aprendizado na realização da oftalmoscopia direta pelos alunos da graduação médica com o uso do oftalmoscópio convencional e do Panoptic. Métodos: Realizou- se um estudo comparativo da facilidade de aprendizado entre o uso do oftalmoscópio convencional e do panoptic para a realização do exame de fundo de olho de pacientes normais e com determinadas alterações específicas de fundo de olho. Foi usado para tal aferição um questionário formulado pelos autores e respondido pelos alunos da graduação na primeira e na oitava semana do curso. Resultados: Na primeira semana do curso, dos 60 alunos avaliados somente 1.60% tiveram maior facilidade de manipulação do aparelho com o panoptic, contrastando com 10.35% com o uso do convencional. Na oitava semana, 43.33% dos alunos demonstrou maior facilidade de manipulação com o uso do panoptic, contrastando com 17% com o uso do convencional. O teste estatístico de Kruskal Wallis se revelou de significância expressiva ( p < 0,05). Conclusão:: O oftalmoscópio de campo amplo (panoptic) necessita de um tempo de aprendizagem de uso um pouco maior em relação ao convencional, porém após este período facilita o aprendizado da oftalmoscopia direta por melhorar a observação das estruturas fundoscópicas.


Purpose: Comparison of the skill to teach the direct ophthalmoscopy class supported by fellows of medical graduation course using two examination methods: conventional ophthalmoscope and wide field ophthalmoscope (panoptic). Methods: Assessment of the competence to learn using a survey after eye fundus examination with conventional ophthalmoscope and wide field ophthalmoscope (panoptic). The group searched was composed of 60 students of university medical graduation course. The survey was applied during the first and eighth week of ophthalmogical class of medical graduation. The evaluation of competence to learning was token in as needing to help teachers to examination the eye fundus during the class, and the competence to manipulate the ophthalmoscopes. Tables and statical test (Kruskal Wallis) was performed to demonstrate the results analysis. Results: In the first week of ophthalmological class, only 1.60% of the students chose the panoptic ophthalmoscope, while the same score of 10.35% chosen with the conventional ophthalmoscope. In the eighth week of ophthalmological class the competence score with the panoptic ophthalmoscope raised to 43.33%, while conventional ophthalmoscope score stayed at 17%. The statistical analysis of Kruskal Wallis test revealed a positive significance (p< 0,05). Conclusion: The panoptic wide field ophthalmoscope needed a longer time to learn how to manipulate and observe the eye fundus, although after this time, the panoptic showed more competence and improved the eye fundus examination.


Subject(s)
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Education, Medical , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Ophthalmoscopy , Surveys and Questionnaires
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