Optimization Method of Whole Wheat Flour, Soybean Flour, Oyster Meat Powder for Nutrient- Dense Composite Flour

Aim: To study the production of Nutrient – Dense Composite Flour from the blends of whole wheat flour, soybean flour (full fat) and oyster meat powder. Study Design: The study was design using the D-optimal combination design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Science, University of Port Harcourt (Processing of raw materials) and the Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of industrial research Oshodi, Lagos (Analysis of raw materials) between October 2021 and August 2022. Methodology: The raw materials were each processed to have wholesome flours, and then they were combined according to the matrix generated, which had ranges of 70 – 100%, 0 – 22%, and 0 – 8% for whole wheat flour (WWF), soybean flour (SBF) and oyster meat powder (OMP) respectively. Results: The design was used to assess the significance (5% probability) of the moisture, fat, and protein content, which ranged from 8.09 to 11.37%, 1.80 to 8.52% and 9.70 to 19.07% respectively; the water absorption (72.00 - 79.10BU), dough stability (9.3 - 17.5BU) and mixing tolerance index (25 - 50BU); and lightness and yellowness, which ranged from 65.48 - 83.2 and 13.77 - 23.58 respectively, of the flour blends. Protein content, water absorption dough stability, and mixing tolerance index were prioritized while moisture content, fat content, and yellowness were minimized for the numerical optimization of the responses. This study highlights the possibilities of utilizing non-conventional raw materials in the production of composite flour with balance nutritional and baking qualities. Conclusion: The best flour combination was 72.51% whole wheat flour, 19.63% soybean flour, and 7.86% oyster meat powder.

Neurocritical care management supported by multimodal brain monitoring after acute brain injury / Abordagem de cuidados neurocríticos apoiada por monitorização cerebral multimodal após lesão cerebral aguda

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between different intensive care units and levels of brain monitoring with outcomes in acute brain injury. Methods: Patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to intensive care units were included. Neurocritical care unit management was compared to general intensive care unit management. Patients managed with multimodal brain monitoring and optimal cerebral perfusion pressure were compared with general management patients. A good outcome was defined as a Glasgow outcome scale score of 4 or 5. Results: Among 389 patients, 237 were admitted to the neurocritical care unit, and 152 were admitted to the general intensive care unit. Neurocritical care unit management patients had a lower risk of poor outcome (OR = 0.228). A subgroup of 69 patients with multimodal brain monitoring (G1) was compared with the remaining patients (G2). In the G1 and G2 groups, 59% versus 23% of patients, respectively, had a good outcome at intensive care unit discharge; 64% versus 31% had a good outcome at 28 days; 76% versus 50% had a good outcome at 3 months (p < 0.001); and 77% versus 58% had a good outcome at 6 months (p = 0.005). When outcomes were adjusted by SAPS II severity score, using good outcome as the dependent variable, the results were as follows: for G1 compared to G2, the OR was 4.607 at intensive care unit discharge (p < 0.001), 4.22 at 28 days (p = 0.001), 3.250 at 3 months (p = 0.001) and 2.529 at 6 months (p = 0.006). Patients with optimal cerebral perfusion pressure management (n = 127) had a better outcome at all points of evaluation. Mortality for those patients was significantly lower at 28 days (p = 0.001), 3 months (p < 0.001) and 6 months (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Multimodal brain monitoring with autoregulation and neurocritical care unit management were associated with better outcomes and should be considered after severe acute brain injury.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre diferentes tipos de unidades de cuidados intensivos e os níveis de monitorização cerebral com desfechos na lesão cerebral aguda. Métodos: Foram incluídos doentes com traumatismo craniencefálico e hemorragia subaracnoide internados em unidades de cuidados intensivos. A abordagem na unidade de cuidados neurocríticos foi comparada à abordagem na unidade de cuidados intensivos polivalente geral. Os doentes com monitorização cerebral multimodal e pressão de perfusão cerebral ótima foram comparados aos que passaram por tratamento geral. Um bom desfecho foi definido como pontuação de 4 ou 5 na Glasgow outcome scale. Resultados: Dos 389 doentes, 237 foram admitidos na unidade de cuidados neurocríticos e 152 na unidade de cuidados intensivos geral. Doentes com abordagem em unidades de cuidados neurocríticos apresentaram menor risco de um mau desfecho (Odds ratio = 0,228). Um subgrupo de 69 doentes com monitorização cerebral multimodal (G1) foi comparado aos demais doentes (G2). Em G1 e G2, respectivamente, 59% e 23% dos doentes apresentaram bom desfecho na alta da unidade de cuidados intensivos; 64% e 31% apresentaram bom desfecho aos 28 dias; 76% e 50% apresentaram bom desfecho aos 3 meses (p < 0,001); e 77% e 58% apresentaram bom desfecho aos 6 meses (p = 0,005). Quando os desfechos foram ajustados para o escore de gravidade do SAPS II, usando o bom desfecho como variável dependente, os resultados foram os seguintes: para o G1, em comparação ao G2, a odds ratio foi de 4,607 na alta da unidade de cuidados intensivos (p < 0,001), 4,22 aos 28 dias (p = 0,001), 3,250 aos 3 meses (p = 0,001) e 2,529 aos 6 meses (p = 0,006). Os doentes com abordagem da pressão de perfusão cerebral ótima (n = 127) apresentaram melhor desfecho em todos os momentos de avaliação. A mortalidade desses doentes foi significativamente menor aos 28 dias (p = 0,001), aos 3 meses (p < 0,001) e aos 6 meses (p = 0,001). Conclusão: A monitorização cerebral multimodal com autorregulação e abordagem na unidade de cuidados neurocríticos foi associado a melhores desfechos e deve ser levado em consideração após lesão cerebral aguda grave.

Efficacy of different frequency of intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of frequency of intense pulsed light(IPL)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 108 patients(216 eyes)with meibomian gland dysfunction admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were included. They were divided into two groups, with 54 cases(108 eyes)IPL group(energy density 13.0J/cm2, pulse width 6ms, delay time 50ms), and 54 cases(108 eyes)in advanced optimal pulsed technology(AOPT)group(energy density 10.0-16.0J/cm2, pulse width 7-4-4 ms in unequal-division mode). The clinical effects of the two groups were observed and compared, including ocular surface symptoms, corneal fluorescein staining score(FL), tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT), ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, mean non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)and first non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), tear meniscus height, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, and the incidence of adverse effects was also calculated.RESULTS: The effective rate of the AOPT group(106 eyes, 98.1%)was higher than that of the IPL group(90 eyes, 83.3%, P&#x003C;0.05), as well as OSDI score, FL score, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, LLT NIBUTav, NIBUTf and tear meniscus height(all P&#x003C;0.001). However, the incidence of adverse effects of the AOPT group(18 eyes, 16.7%)was higher than that of the IPL group(4 eyes, 3.7%; P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: With significant improvement in the ocular surface symptoms and function, AOPT has a better therapeutic effect on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, but it has more adverse reactions. Therefore, optimal treatment plan should be fully selected in combination with the actual clinical situation.

Construction of clinical efficacy evaluation system based on optimal clinical experience / 中国中药杂志

Evidence-based medicine plays an important role in promoting the scientific nature of clinical decision-making. Howe-ver, there is a problem where evidence derived from clinical research may not necessarily be applicable to individual patients. Evidence-based medicine has been introduced into the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for over 20 years, and although certain achievements have been made, the overall level of clinical research evidence based on the principles of evidence-based medicine in TCM is not high. The acceptance of TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines developed based on evidence-based medicine methods is generally low. As revealed by the analysis of the problems in the application of evidence-based medicine in the field of TCM, it is found that there is a structural contradiction between clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of TCM and the characteristics of TCM clinical practice. They cannot comprehensively, objectively, and truthfully reflect the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM. Conducting clinical RCTs of TCM in pursuit of "evidence" actually means giving up the advantages of TCM in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation, prescription changes along with syndromes, and treatment in accordance with three categories of disease cause, which leads to sacrificing some clinical effectiveness of TCM. Based on the concept of evidence-based medicine, this article proposed the construction of "clinical syndrome-based medicine" based on the optimal clinical experience, which was suitable for the characteristics of TCM clinical practice. The key to clinical syndrome-based medicine is the optimal clinical experience, and the core elements of the optimal clinical experience are regularity and reproducibility. Real-world research methods are recommended as a reference for obtaining the optimal clinical experience. Clinical syndrome-based medicine, combining the characteristics of TCM clinical practice and incorporating the concept of evidence-based medicine, is the product of integrating TCM into evidence-based medicine. It is dedicated to improving the clinical efficacy of TCM along with evidence-based medicine.

Outcome of Program Kesihatan Optimum Sanubari (SANUBARI) Wellness-based Self-management Intervention in Coaching Healthcare Workers for Well-being in COVID-19 Pandemic

@#Introduction: This study measured the outcome of the Optimal Health Program (OHP) among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The OHP is a wellness-based self-management intervention focused on well-being to gain optimal health. OHP is originally from Australia and has been translated, culturally adapted and branded as the Program Kesihatan Optimum Sanubari (SANUBARI). The program was conducted as a psychosocial intervention and the outcomes measured were self-efficacy, coping styles and well-being. Methods: Eligible participants were nurses who actively managed COVID-19 inpatients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur and committed to complete the intervention. Those who did not provide consent or had comorbidity, unstable medical or psychiatry illnesses were excluded. 43 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling method and completed outcome measures from General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief COPE and WHO-5 Well-being Index, before and 1-month after the intervention. The OHP was conducted via group-based, using OHP Sanubari workbook with 5 weekly sessions by trained facilitators and lasted for 60 to 90 minutes per session. Results: Significant improvement was observed 1-month post intervention for self-efficacy (t(42)=5.64, p <0.001) and well-being(t(42)=2.14, p<0.05); different approach coping strategies(acceptance, use of informational support, positive reframing, active coping, and planning) and avoidant coping strategies(distraction, venting, denial, and substance use). Whilst, humor coping reduced significantly 1-month post-intervention (t(42)=3.66, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study reports the positive outcome of OHP on the mental health status of healthcare workers during the pandemic. This program can be considered as a tool towards optimal health throughout their career.

Efficacy of optimal pulse technology in the treatment of demodex blepharitis and its effect on ocular surface function / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of optimal pulse technology(OPT)in the treatment of demodex blepharitis and its influence on ocular surface function.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from February 2018 to October 2020. A total of 127 patients(254 eyes)with demodex blepharitis were assigned to the observation group and the control group according to the treatment method. The control group(63 patients, 126 eyes)were given conventional hot compress, eye cleansing and drug therapy. On this basis, the observation group(64 patients, 128 eyes)was treated with OPT. Both groups were given 6wk of continuous treatment. Demodex count, Marx's line scores, meibum character scores, ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scores, non-invasive tear break-up time(NIBUT), non-invasive tear meniscus height(NITMH)and lipid layer thickness(LLT)were compared between the two groups, and safety was evaluated.RESULTS: After 6wk of treatment, demodex count, Marx's line scores, meibum character scores and OSDI scores of the two groups decreased. NIBUT, NITMH and LLT increased. Meanwhile, demodex count, Marx's line scores, meibum character scores and OSDI scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. NIBUT, NITMH and LLT were longer/larger than those in the control group(P<0.001). No obvious abnormality of intraocular pressure or conjunctival/corneal injury was observed in either group.CONCLUSION:OPT is effective and safe in the treatment of demodex blepharitis.

Sleep As Preamble Of Optimal Health Among Elderly Hypertensive Adults

Introduction: Healthy Aging is for everyone, not just those who are currently disease-free. Many factors influence the health of the elderly, including underlying physiological and psychological changes, health-related behaviour, disease status and also environments in which people are living strongly influence their health. Methodology: The 240 elderlies between the age group of 60-75 years from Primary Health Centre, Mu-thukur, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India was selected as study participants by simple random sampling technique and excluded those who were mentally and physically sick at the time of data collection. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to collect and Sleep promoting measures were taught and followed to experimental group for the period of six months. Results: In this study, the posttest mean PSQI sleep score among experimental group was 6.16 and con-trol group was 7.95, with the mean difference was 1.79, as it was large and it was statistically significant difference at the value of t=3.34 at p? 0.001 level which indicate sleep promoting measures was effective to enhance sleep quality and to maintain normal blood pressure. Conclusion: Compared to the control group, the experimental group's elderly had better sleep quality; hence healthy sleep promoting measures are effective to manage and to maintain normal blood pres-sure.

Estimativa da necessidade de radioterapia externa no Brasil baseada em critérios epidemiológicos / Optimal utilization of radiotherapy in Brazil according to local epidemiological data

Esta tese teve como objetivo estimar a necessidade de radioterapia no Brasil a partir de dados epidemiológicos locais. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas que consistiram na estimativa de casos incidentes e, posteriormente, na classificação dos casos registrados nos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC) para integrar as árvores de decisão para o emprego do tratamento radioterápico conforme evidências e diretrizes clínicas de tratamento. As estimativas de casos incidentes em 2018 foram calculadas a partir de dados de Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) selecionados de acordo com critérios internacionais de qualidade e de dados corrigidos para causas mal definidas e não específicas na causa básica dos óbitos registrados no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) no período de 2007 a 2016. Foram calculadas razões de incidência/mortalidade (I/M) anuais para cada topografia, estratificadas por sexo e faixa etária nos RCBP selecionados. As razões I/M para 2018 foram estimadas para as regiões brasileiras a partir de modelos multiníveis de Poisson a partir de uma abordagem longitudinal com efeito aleatório no RCBP. As razões estimadas foram aplicadas ao número de óbitos ocorridos em 2018 por tipo de câncer, também corrigido para causas mal definidas e não específicas na causa básica, registrados no SIM. As distribuições dos dados por estadiamento obtidas a partir do RHC foram combinadas às frequências relativas por tipo de câncer incidente e aos dados das árvores de decisão do projeto Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CCORE) para uso da radioterapia. As estimativas de necessidade foram calculadas por tipo de câncer e para o conjunto das neoplasias, exceto pele não melanoma. Foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade para avaliar a relevância dos dados locais na estimativa de necessidade. O número necessário de equipamentos de radioterapia para atender os casos que se beneficiariam do tratamento em algum momento no curso da doença foi calculado e a análise da cobertura da oferta foi realizada. Para o Brasil, em 2018, foram estimados 506.462 casos novos de câncer, exceto pele não melanoma. Diferenças regionais nas razões I/M e no padrão de casos incidentes foram identificadas, podendo estar relacionadas a fatores socioeconômicos. Foi estimado que 53,55% dos casos novos no Brasil teriam necessidade de tratamento radioterápico. A maior necessidade de radioterapia foi identificada para o Norte: 55,32%, com um peso expressivo do câncer do colo do útero, tanto pela incidência como pelo número de casos em estágios avançados, para os quais a radioterapia é considerada tratamento de escolha. Para atender aos casos com necessidade de radioterapia no Brasil, foram estimados 497 equipamentos de radioterapia externa, sendo o déficit estimado em 114 para 2018 no país. Os maiores déficits foram observados para o Norte e para a rede assistencial do SUS. Em conclusão, o emprego de parâmetros internacionais não se mostrou adequado para a realidade brasileira. O planejamento de recursos para a assistência oncológica no Brasil demanda estimativas confiáveis baseadas nas necessidades locais para que as inequidades não sejam ainda mais agravadas.

This thesis aimed to estimate the need for radiotherapy in Brazil based on local epidemiological data. The study was developed in two stages which consisted of estimating incident cases and, later, classifying the cases registered in the Hospital Cancer Registries (RHC) to integrate decision trees for the use of radiotherapy according to evidence and clinical treatment guidelines. The estimates of incident cases in 2018 were calculated based on data from Population-Based Cancer Registries (RCBP) selected according to international quality criteria and from data corrected for ill-defined and non-specific causes in the underlying cause of deaths recorded in the System of Mortality Information (SIM) from 2007 to 2016. Annual incidence/mortality ratios (I/M) were calculated for each topography, stratified by sex and age group in the selected RCBP. The I/M ratios for 2018 were estimated for Brazilian regions using multilevel Poisson models from a longitudinal approach with random effect on the RCBP. The estimated reasons were applied to the number of deaths that occurred in 2018 by type of cancer, also corrected for ill-defined and non-specific causes in the underlying cause, recorded in the SIM. The staging data distributions obtained from the RHC were combined with the relative frequencies by type of incident cancer and data from the Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CCORE) project decision trees for radiotherapy use. Optimal utilization rates were estimated by type of cancer and for the set of tumors, except for non-melanoma skin. Sensitivity analyzes were performed to assess the relevance of local data in estimating the need. The number of radiotherapy equipment needed to attend to cases that would benefit from treatment at some point in the course of the disease was calculated and the analysis of the offer coverage was performed. For Brazil, in 2018, 506,462 new cases of cancer were estimated, except for non-melanoma skin. Regional differences in I/M ratios and in the pattern of incident cases were identified, which may be related to socioeconomic factors. It was estimated that 53.55% of new cases in Brazil would need radiotherapy. The greatest need for radiotherapy was identified for the North: 55.32%, with an expressive weight of cervical cancer, both in terms of incidence and the number of cases in advanced stages, for which radiotherapy is considered the treatment of choice. To meet the need for radiotherapy in Brazil, 497 external radiotherapy equipment were estimated, with an estimated deficit of 114 for 2018 in the country. The greatest deficits were observed for the North and for the SUS care network. In conclusion, the use of international parameters was not adequate for the Brazilian reality. The planning of resources for cancer care in Brazil requires reliable estimates based on local needs so that inequities are not further aggravated.

Uma avaliação empírica do tamanho ótimo dos municípios / An Empirical Assessment of the Optimal Size of Municipalities / Una evaluación empírica del tamaño ideal de los municipios

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de realizar uma investigação empírica sobre o tamanho ótimo dos municípios, isto é, a quantidade de habitantes que propicia o menor nível de despesas em relação ao PIB municipal, de modo que se obtenha escala econômica para otimização da aplicação dos recursos públicos. Este estudo analisa uma amostra de dados de 4.835 municípios com população inferior a 50.000 habitantes, que representam 89% do total de municípios brasileiros. A base de dados reúne informações de receitas e despesas municipais, extraídas do Finanças do Brasil - Dados Contábeis dos Municípios - Finbra 2010 e dados socioeconômicos do Censo Demográfico do IBGE 2010 e do PIB dos municípios do IBGE 2010. Os resultados empíricos indicam que o tamanho ótimo de população para um município brasileiro equivale aproximadamente a 31.667 habitantes por cidade, com base em métodos econométricos como mínimos quadrados ordinários com desvio padrão robusto. Esse porte populacional proporciona ganhos de escala na administração pública e confere maior autonomia local em relação ao governo central para ofertar bens públicos de qualidade.

This research aims to carry out an empirical investigation on the optimal size of the municipalities, that is, the number of inhabitants that offers the lowest level of expenditure in relation to the municipal GDP, obtaining an economic scale to provide the best level of public resources. This study analyzes a sample of data from 4.835 municipalities with a population of less than 50,000 inhabitants, which represent 89% of the total Brazilian municipalities. The database gathers information on municipal revenues and expenses extracted from Finance of Brazil - Accounting Data of Municipalities - FINBRA 2010, socioeconomic data from the 2010 IBGE Demographic Census and the municipalities GDP from the 2010 IBGE. The outcomes showed that the optimal population size for a Brazilian municipality is equivalent to 31.667 inhabitants per city, based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with robust standards errors. This population size provides gains of scale in public administration and improves local autonomy in relation to the central government in order to offer quality public goods.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una investigación empírica sobre el tamaño óptimo de los municipios, es decir, sobre el número de habitantes que proporciona el menor nivel de gasto en relación al producto bruto interno (PIB) municipal, de manera de obtener la escala económica para la optimización de la aplicación de recursos públicos. Para ello analiza una muestra de datos de 4835 municipios con una población de menos de cincuenta mil habitantes, lo que representa el 89 % de todos los municipios brasileños. La base de datos recopila información sobre ingresos y gastos municipales, extraídos de Finanzas de Brasil-Datos contables municipales-FINBRA 2010, datos socioeconómicos del censo demográfico del IBGE de 2010 y datos del PIB de los municipios en 2010. Los resultados empíricos informaron que el tamaño ideal de la población de un municipio brasileño es equivalente a aproximadamente 31.667 habitantes por ciudad, según métodos econométricos, como enteros cuadrados ordinarios con desviación estándar robusta. Este tamaño de población ofrece ganancias de escala en la administración pública y otorga mayor autonomía local en relación con el gobierno central para ofrecer bienes públicos de calidad.

Design of experiments assisted the development of inclusion complexes of ramipril using hydrophilic carriers for enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate

Abstract The goal of the present study was to develop inclusion complexes and polymers dispersions of ramipril prepared by physical mixing, kneading, co-evaporation, and solvent evaporation methods to enhance drug solubility and dissolution rate, and thereby to reduce drug dose and side effects using selected hydrophilic carriers such as β-CD, PVP-K25, PEG 4000, and HPMC K100M. The prepared formulations were characterized for solubility and in-vitro drug release studies. The systematic optimization of formulations was performed using I-Optimal experimental design by selecting factors such as type of carriers (X1), drug: carrier ratio (X2), and method of preparation (X3), and response variables including percent yield (Y1), solubility (Y2), Carr's index (Y3) and drug release in 30 min (Y4). Mathematical modeling was carried out using a quadratic polynomial model. The inclusion complex formulation (F27) was selected as an optimized batch by numerical desirability function and graphical optimization with the help of design space. The inclusion complex prepared by the co-evaporation method showed maximum drug solubility and released in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer compared to pure and other formulations. The inclusion complex is a feasible approach to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and minimization of drugs' gastrointestinal toxicity upon oral administration of ramipril.

Advances in the study of optimum chest compression point for adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华危重病急救医学

Chest compressions are a key component of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The determination of the optimal compression point (OCP) in adult CPR is an indispensable critical factor for high quality chest compressions (CCs). At present, the OCP for adult CPR is still controversial, which still needs further research and discussion. To provide theoretical reference for determining the OCP, this paper reviews the research progress of the OCP of adult CPR from the development process of compression point and hemodynamic mechanism, so as to improve the quality of CCs and the outcome of cardiac arrest (CA) patients.

SC⁃BPSO: A Filter Fused BPSO Feature Selection Method in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classification / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of cancer patients, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Machine learning is an effective tool in cancer classification. How to select high⁃classification accuracy feature subsets with low dimension in complex and high⁃dimensional cancer datasets is a difficult problem in cancer classification. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection method, SC⁃BPSO: a two⁃stage feature selection method implemented by combining the Spearman correlation coefficient, chi⁃square independent test⁃based filter method, and binary particle swarm optimal (BPSO) based wrapper method. It has been applied to the cancer classification of high⁃dimensional data to classify normal samples and HCC samples. The dataset in this paper is obtained from 130 liver tissue microRNA sequence data (64 hepatocellular carcinoma, 66 normal liver tissue) from National Center for Bioinformatics (NCBI) and European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). First, the liver tissue microRNA sequence data was preprocessed to extract the three types of features of microRNA expression, editing level and post⁃editing expression. Then, the parameters of the SC⁃BPSO algorithm in the liver cancer classification were adjusted to select a subset of key features. Finally, classifiers were used to establish classification models, predict the results, and compare the classification results with the feature subset selected by the information gain filter, the information gain ratio filter and the BPSO wrapper feature selection algorithm using the same classifier. Using the feature subset selected by the SC⁃BPSO algorithm, the classification accuracy is up to 98. 4%. The experimental results showed that compared with the other three feature selection algorithms, the SC⁃ BPSO algorithm can effectively find feature subsets with relatively small size and higher accuracy. This may have important implications for cancer classification with a small number of samples and high⁃ dimension features.

Influence of preoperative optimization of Hb level on perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative outcome in patients with preoperative anemia / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of optimized preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level on clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). 【Methods】 Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were selected to receive CABG from April 2020 to August 2021 in our hospital. Preoperative basic data, perioperative blood transfusion volume, blood transfusion rate, acute liver function impairment, renal function impairment (AKI), ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality of patients, meeting the inclusion criteria, were collected. According to the perioperative red blood cell transfusion, the optimal preoperative Hb threshold was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). According to the threshold, all patients were divided into two groups, and the blood transfusion volume and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared to evaluate the predictive value of the optimal threshold of Hb. 【Results】 A total of 915 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The optimal threshold for predicting red blood cell transfusion rate by calculating preoperative Hb value by ROC curve was 118 g/L for males and 116g/L for females. Group A: Hb≤ threshold (n=293) was divided into the red blood cell transfusion group A1 and the red blood cell non-transfusion group A2. Group B: Hb>threshold (n=622) was divided into the red blood cell non-transfusion group B1 and no red blood cell non-transfusion group B2. The risk factors for perioperative red blood cell transfusion were age (OR=1.033 874, 95%CI 1.000 4-1.068 3, P<0.01), gender (female) (OR=3.268 5, 95%CI 2.353 1-4.540 0, P<0.01), BMI (OR=0.927 8, 95%CI 0.883 3-0.974 4, P<0.01), chronic renal insufficiency (CKD) (OR=2.041 1, 95%CI 1.347 8-3.091 0, P<0.01). Preoperative Hb≤ threshold (OR=3.517 4, 95%CI 2.502 1-4.944 7, P<0.01) was an independent risk factor for perioperative red blood cell transfusion. Perioperative red blood cell transfusion in patients with preoperative anemia further increases the incidence of postoperative complications (acute liver injury, AKI) and length of ICU stay. 【Conclusion】 Preoperative Hb≤ threshold can effectively predict perioperative red blood cell transfusion in patients with CABG, and increase the risk of postoperative acute liver injury, AKI, prolonged ICU stay and hospital stay. Optimizing the preoperative Hb level in CABG patients, increasing the Hb level to 118 g/L in males and 116 g/L in females can reduce the incidence of perioperative red blood cell transfusion and postoperative complications.

How to use analysis of variance correctly——an analysis of variance for the univariate quantitative data collected from the factorial design / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the factorial design and its quantitative data analysis of variance and the SAS implementation. Factorial design could not only present the main effect magnitude of all experimental factors， but also comprehensively reflected the size of each-order interaction effect among multiple factors. However， this design required a large sample size. This paper introduced the calculation formulas of the analysis of variance for quantitative data with two-factor factorial design， and realized the analysis of variance for quantitative data with two-factor and three-factor factorial design through two examples with the help of SAS software， and multiple comparisons of interaction effects were also performed.

How to use analysis of variance correctly——an analysis of variance for the univariate quantitative data collected from the orthogonal design / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the orthogonal design and its quantitative data analysis of variance and the SAS implementation. From the perspective of degrees of freedom， the orthogonal design could be divided into the saturated orthogonal design and the unsaturated orthogonal design. From the perspective of the number of factor levels， the orthogonal design could be divided into the same level orthogonal design and the mixed level orthogonal design. From the perspective of normalization， the orthogonal design could also be divided into the standard orthogonal design and the non-standard orthogonal design. Quantitative data from the standard orthogonal designs could be analyzed by the conventional methods， while quantitative data from the non-standard orthogonal designs needed to be improved. Based on three examples， this paper realized the quantitative data analysis of variance with the standard orthogonal design without repeated experiments and with repeated experiments by means of the SAS software.

Spray dried extract of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambés produces a potent hypoglycemic effect and improves total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetic rats / El extracto secado por pulverización de Calophyllum brasiliense cambés produce un potente efecto hipoglucémico y mejora el colesterol sérico total y los triglicéridos en ratas diabéticas / O extrato seco por aspersão de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambés produz um potente efeito hipoglicemiante e melhora o colesterol total e triglicérideos em ratos diabéticos

SUMMARY Introduction: The species Calophyllum brasiliense Cambés (Calophyllaceae) is widespread throughout Central and South America. The stem bark infusion is used for lowering blood glucose. Aim: To optimize the spray dry extract ofthis plant using a D-optimal experimental design. Materials and methods: As factors were used the air-drying speed (3.5-4.5 m3/h), the feed flow rate of the suspension (5-11 mL/ min), and the inlet air temperature (90-130 °C). The dried extract was characterized by measuring the phenolics and flavonoids content, moisture, the water activity, apparent densities, flowability, and compressibility. The antioxidant activity, the inhibitory activity of lipase and alpha-glycosidase, and the antiglycant activity of the spray dried extract (SDE) were evaluated. Subsequently, the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in rats by monitoring the blood glucose level, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Results: Inlet air temperature and feed flow rate were the factors that most affected the yield and phenolic content. SDE showed a potent antioxidant effect (IC50 1.83 μg/mL), a potent a-glycosidase (IC50 74.45 μg/mL) and pancreatic lipase (IC50 27.33 μg/mL) inhibition. A potent antiglycation effect (IC50 9.45^g/mL) was also observed. Conclusion: the SDE showed a potent hypoglycemic effect at 100 mg/kg. These results suggest that SDE could activate four important pathways that can contribute to diabetes control.

Resumen Introducción: la especie Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) está muy extendida en Centro y Suramérica. La infusión del tronco reduce los niveles de glucosa en sangre. bjetivo: optimizar el extracto seco por aspersión (SDE) de esta planta utilizando un diseño experimental D-óptimal. Materiales y métodos: como factores se utilizaron la velocidad del gas secante (aire, 3,5-4,5 m3/h), la temperatura de entrada del aire fue 90-130 °C y la velocidad de alimentación, 5-11 mL/min. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides en el extracto seco, la humedad residual, la actividad del agua, las densidades aparentes, fluidez y compresibilidad. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante e inhibidora de lipasa y alfa-glicosidasa y la actividad antiglicante. También se evaluó la actividad hipoglicemiante midiendo glucosa en sangre, triglicéridos y colesterol. Resultados: la temperatura del aire de entrada y la velocidad de alimentación afectaron, significativamente, el rendimiento y contenido de fenoles. El SDE mostró un potente efecto antioxidante (IC50 1,83 μg/mL), una potente inhibición de a-glicosidasa (IC50 74,45 μg/mL) y de lipasa pancreática (IC50 27,33 μg/ mL). Se observó un fuerte efecto antiglicante (IC50 9,45 μg/mL). Conclusiones: el SDE mostró un potente efecto hipoglicemiante a 100 mg/kg. Estos resultados sugieren que el SDE podría actuar activando cuatro vías importantes para el control de la diabetes.

RESUMO Introdução: a espécie Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) é amplamente distribuída na América do Sul e Central. A infusão da casca do caule reduz os níveis de glicose no sangue. Objetivo: otimizar o extrato seco por pulverização (SDE) desta planta usando um planejamento experimental D-ótimo. Materiais e métodos: a velocidade do gás de secagem ar (3,5-4,5 m3/h), a temperatura de entrada do ar (90-130 °C) e a taxa de alimentação (5-11 mL/min) foram usados como fatores. Foi determinado o teor de fenóis e flavonóides no extrato seco, a umidade residual, a atividade de água, as densidades aparentes, a fluidez e a compressibilidade. Avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante e a atividade inibitória de lipase e alfa-glicosidase, e a atividade antiglicante do extrato seco. A atividade hipoglicêmica foi avaliada em ratos diabeticos, medindo a glicose no sangue, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Resultados: a temperatura de entrada do ar e a taxa de alimentação afetaram significativamente o desempenho e o conteúdo de fenois. O SDE mostrou um potente efeito antioxidante (IC50 1,83 μg/mL), uma significativa inibição de a-glicosidase (IC50 74,45 ig/mL) e da lipase pancreática (IC50 27,33 μg/mL). Um forte efeito antiglicante também foi observado (IC50 9,45 μg/mL). O SDE mostrou um forte efeito hipogli-cemiente à concentração de 100 mg/kg. Conclusões: Esses resultados sugerem que o SDE poderia atuar ativando quatro vias importantes para o controle do diabetes.

Optimal design of tuned mass dampers through differential evolution method for reducing the dynamic response of structures subjected to earthquake loads / Diseño óptimo de amortiguadores de masa sintonizada mediante evolución diferencial para reducir la respuesta dinámica de estructuras sujetas a cargas sísmicas / Projeto ótimo de amortecedores de massa usando evolução diferencial para reduzir a resposta dinâmica das estruturas sob cargas sísmicas

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a methodology for the optimal design of passive Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) to control the dynamic response of buildings subjected to earthquake loads. The selection process of the optimal design parameters is carried out through a metaheuristic approach based on differential evolution (DE) which is a fast, efficient, and precise technique that does not require high computational efforts. The algorithm is aimed to reduce the maximum horizontal peak displacement of the structure and the root mean square (RMS) response of displacements as well. Furthermore, four more objective functions derived from multiple weighted linear combinations of the two previously mentioned parameters are also studied to obtain the most efficient TMD design configuration. A parallel process based on an exhaustive search (ES) with precision to 2 decimal positions is used to validate the optimization methodology based on DE. The proposed methodology is then applied to a 32-story case-study derived from an actual building structure and subjected to different ground acceleration registers. The best dynamic performance of the building is observed when the greatest weight is given to the RMS response of displacement in the optimization process. Finally the numerical results reveal that the proposed methodology based on DE is effective in finding the optimal TMD design configuration by reducing the maximum floor displacement up to 4% and RMS values of displacement of up to 52% in the case-study building.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta una metodología para el diseño óptimo de Amortiguadores de Masa Sintonizada (AMS) para el control de la respuesta dinámica de edificios sometidos a cargas sísmicas. El proceso de selección de los parámetros óptimos de diseño se realiza mediante un enfoque metaheurístico basado en Evolución Diferencial (ED) la cual es una técnica rápida, eficiente y precisa que no requiere grandes esfuerzos computacionales. El algoritmo tiene como objetivo reducir el desplazamiento de pico horizontal máximo de la estructura y también la media cuadrática (Valor eficaz) de desplazamientos. Adicionalmente, se estudian otras cuatro funciones objetivo derivadas de múltiples combinaciones lineales ponderadas de los dos parámetros mencionados anteriormente para obtener la configuración de diseño del AMS más eficiente. De forma paralela, se utiliza un proceso basado en una búsqueda exhaustiva (ES) con precisión a 2 posiciones decimales para validar la metodología de optimización basada en DE. Posteriormente, la metodología propuesta se aplica a un caso de estudio derivado de un edificio real de 32 pisos sometido a diferentes registros sísmicos de aceleración del suelo. Se observa un mejor comportamiento dinámico del edificio cuando se le da el mayor peso a la respuesta RMS de desplazamiento en el proceso de optimización. Finalmente, los resultados numéricos revelan que la metodología propuesta basada en DE es efectiva para encontrar la configuración óptima de diseño de TMD al reducir el desplazamiento máximo del piso hasta en un 43% y los valores RMS de desplazamiento de hasta el 52% en el caso de estudio.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para a otimização de amortecedores de massa sintonizados (TMD) para o controle da resposta dinâmica de edifícios sujeitos a cargas sísmicas. O processo de seleção dos parâmetros ótimos é realizado mediante uma abordagem metaheunstica baseada na Evolução Diferencial (DE) que é uma técnica rápida, eficiente e precisa que não requer de grandes esforços computacionais. O algoritmo visa reduzir o deslocamento máximo do pico horizontal da estrutura e também os deslocamentos da raiz quadrada média (RMS). Além disso, quatro outras funções objetivo derivadas de distintas combinações lineares ponderadas dos dois parâmetros de resposta já mencionados, são estudadas para obter a configuração de TMD mais eficiente. Em paralelo, um processo de busca exaustiva (ES) com precisão de 2 casas decimais é usado para validar a metodologia de otimização baseada na DE. Posteriormente, a metodologia proposta é aplicada a um caso de estudo derivado de um edifício real de 32 andares sujeito a diferentes registros de aceleração sísmica do solo. É observado um melhor comportamento dinâmico do edifício quando é dada uma maior ponderação no processo de otimização à resposta de deslocamento RMS. Finalmente, os resultados numéricos revelam que a metodologia proposta fundamentada na DE é eficaz para encontrar os parâmetros ótimos do TMD, reduzindo o pico de deslocamento máximo em até 43% e os valores de deslocamento RMS em até 52% no caso estudado.

The Impact of Staying at Home on Controlling the Spread of COVID -19: Strategy of Control

Abstract In this paper, we present a new mathematical model to describe the evolution of the COVID-19 in countries under the state of emergency. Where the COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping country after country. The Italian and Moroccan authorities have declared a state of emergency in response to the growing threat of this novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak by March 09 and 20, respectively. In-state of emergency, citizens cannot go out to public spaces without special authorization from local authorities. But after all these efforts exerted by these authorities, the number of new cases of the COVID-19 continues to rise significantly, which confirms the lack of commitment of some citizens. First, we aim to investigate the cause of new infections despite all strategies of control followed in these countries including media reports, awareness, and treatment, self-distancing and quarantine, by estimating the number of these people who underestimate the lives and safety of citizens and put them at risk. To do this, we use real data of the COVID-19 in Italy and Morocco to estimate the parameters of the model, and then we predict the number of these populations. Second, we propose an optimal control strategy that could be the optimal and the efficient way for the Moroccan and Italian authorities and other countries to make the state of emergency more efficient and to control the spread of the COVID-19. The model is analyzed for both countries and then to compare the implications of the obtained results. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the strategy of control that we propose and to show what would have been happened in Morocco and Italy if this strategy of control was applied early.

Real Power Loss Reduction by Melon Fly Optimization and Spontaneous Process Algorithm's

Abstract In this work Melon Fly Optimization (MFO) Algorithm and Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is designed to reduce the Real power loss, voltage stability enhancement and reducing the Voltage deviation. In this work real power loss measured and how much loss has been reduced is also identified by suitable comparison with standard algorithms. In this society from common consumer to industry needs better quality of power continuously and constantly without much variation. One way to improve the quality of the power is to reduce the power loss. Also reduction of power loss will improve the economic conditions of the nation indirectly and it improves the productivity of the nation with any hurdles. Around the world all nations sequentially identifying the method to reduce the power loss in the transmission and subsequently it improve the quality of power. MFO algorithm has been formed based on the innate events of Melon fly. Due their very excellent eyesight and mutual supportive behaviour Melon fly will find the food without difficulty. By smell and vision the Melon fly will move to the best location form the current location. In the preliminary level Melon flies will search the food in multiple directions and they may be far away from the food source, it like scattering in the plane. Then Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is designed to solve the optimal reactive power problem Formulation of the projected algorithm is done by imitating the process done during nuclear fission and fusion. Every item of a nucleus attribute symbolizes each solution variable. Sequence of operators directs the nucleus and in order to avoid the local optimum it will imitate the dissimilar condition of reaction. In the exploration space nucleus symbolizes the variables and potential solution. Levy flight has been intermingled in the procedure to enhance the diversification and intensification in the search. Evaluation of validity of the Melon Fly Optimization (MFO) Algorithm and Spontaneous Process Algorithm (SPA) is done in IEEE 30-bus system by considering voltage stability (L-index) and also devoid of L-index criterion. Minimization of voltage deviation, voltage stability enhancement and power loss minimization has been achieved.

Optimal Dispatch and Technical and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Residential Microgrids Considering Demand Side Management

Abstract The electrical system is becoming more robust with the insertion of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the need for energy autonomy by consumers, given that the current scenario is a growth in demand for electric energy. This paper aims to apply a computational model capable of determining the optimal hourly allocation of controllable loads in residence, as well as studying the optimal dispatch of residential microgrids considering management on the demand side. In addition, this paper presents an economic feasibility analysis of residential microgrids considering distributed generation from wind and solar sources, distributed storage, electric vehicles, and residential controllable loads. Thus, it was possible to conclude that in residence, the insertion of distributed energy generation and storage elements can present a significant reduction in electric energy costs, which can be even greater if these elements are associated with optimized controllable load management.