Bilateral Retrobulbar Hemorrhage and Visual Loss Following Traumatic Asphyxia

Retrobulbar hemorrhage and permanent visual loss are rare presentations following traumatic asphyxia. In this case, bilateral permanent visual disturbance developed in a woman after chest-crushing trauma without direct trauma to the orbits. A computed tomography scan confirmed bilateral retrobulbar hemorrhages. An ophthalmologic exam revealed bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and severe lid edema. Despite high-dose steroid therapy, visual recovery was limited, and optic nerve atrophy developed. Ischemia of the optic nerve associated with retrobulbar hemorrhage may be postulated as one of the causes of permanent visual impairment following traumatic asphyxia.

A case of optic nerve atrophy in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome / 대한내과학회지

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, especially the lacrimal and salivary glands. Although primarily characterized by a particular form of dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia), this condition may affect a wide variety of organs and systems, including the skin, lungs, heart, kidneys, and nervous and hematopoietic systems. Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve and causes loss of vision, usually because of swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath that covers the optic nerve. The most common etiology is multiple sclerosis. Some other causes include infections, tumors, granuloma, autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus and Sjogren's syndrome) and the inflammation of vessels (vasculitis) that nourish the optic nerve. In this report, we describe a 16-year-old girl with optic nerve atrophy caused by optic neuritis, which can be a presenting feature of Sjogren's syndrome.

A Case Report of See-saw Nystagmus Presumed to be Caused by Head Trauma

See-saw nystagmus is a unique torsional vertical eye movement disorder with a characteristic appearance. It is a pendular nystagmus with two distinct components: a conjugate torsional component and a disjunctive vertical component. It is most often associated with suprasellar or chiasmal lesions, especially with the lesion of interstitial nucleus of Cajal. In this report, the author present a 45-year-old man with seesaw nystagmus presumed to be associated with head trauma. He also has bilateral optic nerve atrophy and encephalomalacia of frontal and temporal lobe.

Evaluation of VEP in Optic Nerve Diseases and Amblyopia

We performed full field pattern reversal VEP using UTAS-E 2000, in 87 eyes of the 70 patients with amblyopia(14 eyes) and optic nerve diseases; optic neuritis(21 eyes), optic nerve atrophy(23 eyes), toxic optic neuropathy(15 eyes) and optic nerve injury(14 eyes) from December 1993 to July 1994. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of the visual acuity with P1 amplitude, P1 latency, and to compare the latency of P1, and P1-N2 amplitude to each disease group and the normal groups. There was no correlation between the visual acuity and P1 latency, but significant correlation between the visual acuity and P1 amplitude(p<0.01). In the P1 implicit time, optic neuritis, optic nerve atrophy and toxic optic neuropathy patients presented marked delay and amblyopia patients presented moderate delay, but there was no other significant difference in each disease group. Over 50% of each disease group except amblyopia presented P1 destruction. Therefore, the authers concluded that P1 amplitude might not be good parameter in diagnosis of the optic nerve disease because of its variability to the visual acuity, but P1 latency and P1 destruction could be good parameter.

The significance of photopic negative response in early diagnosis of primary optic nerve atrophy / 眼科

0.05). But the amplitudes of the PhNR were significantly reduced in group of primary optic nerve atrophy (P

Evaluation of clinically applied visual evoked potential (VEP) in ophthalmological and neurological diseases

VEPs weie recorded in 222 cases of different disease groups and in 42cases of the control group using a Nicolet CA 1000 system. The latency time of N1, P1, N2, and P2 from the prominent surface peak and the P1-N2 amplitude at full field pattern reversal VEP. The score of each disease group was compared with those of the control group. The results are as follows; 1. Functional amblyopia, optic neuritis, and optic nerve atrophy patients presented a significant derrease in amplitude in comparison to normal subiects. 2. In the P1 implicit time, optic neuritis, and optic nerve atrophy patients presented a marked delay. Functional amblyopia patients presented a moderate delay while other disease group patients presented normal to mild delays. 3. More than half of the optic neuritis and optic nerve atrophy patients presented a detraction of the P1 wave form.