ABSTRACT
Dental caries is a global oral health problem caused due to localized demineralization of the enamel. Chemical plaque control is used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque control in removing biofilm, thereby preventing dental caries. In recent times, there has been a renewed interest in nature?based products. This systematic review aimed to analyse the existing literature to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries. A search was done in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020 for the related topic. A hand search was done from the references of primary studies and other clinical trial registry sites. Randomized control trials, comparative clinical trials, and in vitro studies in which the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries were included after review by the reviewers. The systematic search revealed a total of thirty?two publications from which ten publications were included. Five studies were clinical studies and five were in vitro studies. All the studies used microbiological analysis for the determination of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque and saliva, whereas one study used pH of plaque and saliva. Among the included studies, all studies had a high risk of bias with level 2 evidence. With the evidence available, it can be concluded that herbal dentifrices and fluoride dentifrices have similar antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms.
ABSTRACT
Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment undergo various changes in their oral microbiological profile, which are attributed to the accumulation of plaque and calculus around various orthodontic attachments. Plaque and calculus are primarily composed of various salivary mineral particles and bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. These changes in the oral cavity will result in the formation of white spot lesions around the bracket surface. The aim of this research was to study the antibacterial effect of watermelon mouthwash on Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. MethodsThis is an in-vitro study to determine the antibacterial activity of watermelon mouth wash against Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. Fresh cut watermelon is used to prepare the watermelon mouth wash. The extract of watermelon is concentrated by boiling and mixed with various additives to prepare the mouthwash. The antibiotic sensitivity is studied using well diffusion methods in culture plates under three different concentrations [50%, 100% and 150%]. After an incubation period of 24 hours, antibiotic sensitivity is studied by measuring the area of inhibition. ResultsArea of inhibition was seen in all three different concentrations against both Lactobacillus [50 % - 20 mm, 100 % - 23 mm and 150 % - 29 mm] and Streptococcus mutans [50 % - 10 mm, 100 % - 15 mm and 150 % - 18 mm]. ConclusionsThe antibacterial effect of the novel watermelon mouthwash showed that there was significant activity of the mouthwash against Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial activity was more significant against Lactobacillus than Streptococcus mutans. To support the in vitro results, planned clinical trials will be conducted to study the effect of the watermelon mouth wash against oral microflora in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
ABSTRACT
The oral cavity contains rich and diverse microflora, known as oral microflora. Oral microflora usually presents within the biofilms attached to the various soft and hard tissue surfaces of the oral cavity. Oral microflora is beneficial to us and plays an important role in the normal development of the physiology. It also contributes to host defense; however, it can also have severe adverse effects for overall health. The present article aims to review the information regarding oral microflora in health and diseases. Recent updates regarding the oral microflora contribution in several common oral and systemic diseases are also briefly discussed.
ABSTRACT
La diabetes mellitus constituye un factor de riesgo de la enfermedad periodontal. Asimismo la gravedad y extensión del daño periodontal se relaciona directamente con el control de la diabetes mellitus en quienes la padecen. De hecho, la prevención de las afecciones periodontales en el paciente diabético es el mejor tratamiento del que se dispone en la actualidad; de manera que el conocimiento y la actualización permanente de los aspectos fisiopatológicos en la correlación de ambas entidades, resulta clave para seleccionar y ejecutar una temprana y adecuada terapia, con el fin no solo de reducir la morbilidad de la infección local, sino también de influir indirectamente en la salud general. Tomando en consideración dichos argumentos, se decidió comentar sobre el tema.
Diabetes mellitus constitutes a risk factor of periodontal disease. Also the severity and extension of the periodontal damage is directly related to the diabetes mellitus control in those who suffer from it. In fact, the prevention of the periodontal disorders in the diabetic patient is the best treatment available at the present time; so that the knowledge and the permanent updating of the pathophysiological aspects in the correlation of both entities, are important to select and to carry out an early and appropriate therapy, not only to reduce the morbidity of the local infection, but also to influence indirectly in the general health. Taking into consideration these arguments, it was decided to make a comment on the topic.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/physiopathology , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lidocaine (LD) topical anesthetic spray against oral microflora. METHODS: Antimicrobial effects of 10% LD spray were assessed against six bacterial cultures obtained from volunteers: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus sanguinis. The filter papers contained 50-µl LD, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, or 0.2% chlorhexidine. Papers were placed on the cultured blood plates for 1-3 min. After the papers were removed, plates were incubated for 24 h. Bacterial growth on the contact areas was recorded as the antimicrobial score. The split mouth technique was use in for sample collection in clinical study. Filter papers soaked with either BHI broth or LD were placed on the right or left buccal mucosa for 1 min, and replaced with other papers to imprint biofilms onto the contact areas. Papers were placed on blood plates, incubated for 24 h, and antimicrobial scores were determined. Experiments were conducted for 2- and 3-min exposure times with a 1-day washout period. RESULTS: LD exhibited bactericidal effects against E. coli, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius within 1 min but displayed no effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial effect of LD on oral microflora depended upon exposure time, similar to the results obtained from the clinical study (P < 0.05). LD showed 60-95% biofilm reduction on buccal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial activity of 10% LD topical anesthetic spray was increased by exposure time. The 3 min application reduced oral microflora in the buccal mucosa.
Subject(s)
Biofilms , Brain , Chlorhexidine , Clinical Study , Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , Heart , Lidocaine , Mouth , Mouth Mucosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus , Streptococcus pyogenes , VolunteersABSTRACT
Introducción: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) es un coco Gram positivo, facultativo anaerobio y no esporulado, cuyo hábitat es el tracto gastrointestinal. También puede encontrarse en el tracto hepatobiliar, vagina y heridas de tejidos blandos. Se ha mostrado que E. faecalis, debido a su alta virulencia, puede penetrar los túbulos dentinales sobreviviendo a la instrumentación químico-mecánica, colonizarlos a una profundidad de 300 µm y reinfectar los conductos aún después de estar obturados, pero no es claro el origen de la infección. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia y el perfil de resistencia de E. faecalis en mucosa oral de personas que acuden a consulta odontológica. Métodos: se tomaron muestras por medio de barrido de encía, surco yugal, paladar, lengua y carrillos en 200 sujetos mayores de edad que acudieron a consulta odontológica. La identificación de E. faecalis se realizó mediante un tamizaje que incluyó catalasa, hemólisis en agar sangre, bilis esculina, NaCl 6,5%, PYR y se confirmó con un panel Microscan (DadeBehring). Resultados: se aisló E. faecalis en 10 muestras de microbiota oral (5%). Conclusiones: este estudio determinó una baja frecuencia de E. faecalis en mucosa oral de sujetos que acuden a consulta odontológica.
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, unsporulated coccus whose habitat is the gastrointestinal tract. It can also be found in the hepatobiliary tract, the vagina, and wounds on soft tissues. It has been shown that due to its high virulence, E. faecalis can penetrate the dentinal tubules, surviving chemical-mechanical instrumentation, colonize them at a depth of 300 µm and re-infest the canals even after being obturated, but the source of infection is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and resistance profile of E. faecalis in the oral mucosa of patients attending dental consultation. Methods: samples were collected from the gingiva, gingival sulcus, palate, tongue, and cheeks of 200 adult subjects attending dental consultation. E. faecalis was identified by means of a screening that included catalase, hemolysis in agar blood, bile esculin, 6.5% NaCl, and PYR, confirming by a Microscan panel (DadeBehring). Results: E. faecalis was isolated from the oral microbiota of 10 samples (5%). Conclusions: this study found low frequencies of E. faecalis in the oral mucosa of subjects attending dental consultation.