Formulation and evaluation of Buccal mucoadhesive tablets of diclofenac sodium using 23 factorial designs

Buccal tablets

Diclofenac sodium

Drug release

Mucoadhesion

Mucoadhesive tablets

Release kinetics

A comparative study of vaginal misoprostol versus oral misoprostol for induction of labour

Background: Induction of labour defined as artificial initiation of uterine contractions before the onset of spontaneous labour, after the period of viability, by any methods. The successful outcome depends on the Bishop Score, maternal age and parity. Authors compared the most preferred two routes; vaginal and oral for induction and outcome, adverse events and side effects were noted.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study carried out at SVPIMSR, Ahmedabad, from January 2019 to June 2019, Gujarat, 100 patients who required induction were randomly divided in two groups- Group A received 25µg oral misoprostol, Group B - received 25µg vaginal misoprostol repeated 4 hourly up to maximum five doses in both groups. The induction to delivery interval, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcome and complications were observed.Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was less in vaginal group than oral (18.7 hours in vaginal versus 22.4 hours in oral). Vaginal delivery and caesarean section rates were comparable in both groups. 60% patients in Group A required more than two doses as compared to 36% in Group B. No major complications or adverse events were observed.Conclusions: Both oral misoprostol in a dose of 25μg and vaginal misoprostol 25μg every four hours, to a maximum of five doses, have safety and efficacy for induction. With The vaginal route, delivery occurs in less time and few doses required as compared to oral.

Evaluation of Oral versus Vaginal Misoprostol for Induction of Labour: A Comparative Study

Induction of labor is the artificial initiation of labor before its spontaneous onset for the purpose of delivery of the feteplacental unit using mechanical or pharmacologic methods.The success of labor induction depends on the cervical status at the time of induction. About 20% of pregnant women will have labour induced for variety of reasons. Methods:This was a comparative prospective study on 90 patients at term for induction of labour. The patients were categorized into two groups – Group A and Group B in each group – 25mcg oral / 25mcg vaginal misoprostol was given. Results: The mean age of patients was 27.42±8.6 years in oral group A, 25.52±6.23 years in in the vaginal group B (p=0.48). The mean period of gestation was 38.23±11.24 weeks in the oral group A, 38.87±12.02 weeks in in the vaginal group B (p=0.58). The mean Bishop was 3.43±0.73 in oral group A, and 3.51±0.49 in the vaginal group B (p= 0.37). Conclusion: Induction of labor, oral misoprostol 25mcg is as effective as vaginal misoprostol 25mcg for induction of labour at term with minimal maternal and fetal complications.

A Retrospective Analysis on IPD Prescriptions in the Surgery Department In a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Introduction: According to WHO definition, "Rational use ofdrugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate totheir clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individualrequirements for an adequate period of time, at the lowest costto them and their community".Methodology: 200 randomly prescription were included in thisstudy. This study was conducted in Department of Surgery inthe Government Medical College, Badaun. The duration ofstudy was over a period of six month.Result: 200 randomly prescription were included in thisstudy.115 fixed combination of different drug were prescribed.These 115 drugs were prescribed for a total of 1159 times/drug encounters. In our study, the route of administration ofdrug 44.1% by oral, 47.4% injectable and rest were by otherlike inhalation, subcutaneous & tropical routes.Conclusion: This study concludes that polypharmacy,overuse of injectable and prescribing by brand names were thechallenges identified

Oral and vaginal route of misoprostol for induction of labour: a comparative study

Background: Induction of labour can be defined as “Artificial initiation of uterine contractions before the onset of spontaneous labour, after the period of viability, by any methods, for purpose of vaginal delivery.” The key factor for a successful induction is the status of cervix, its form, consistency and dilatation which is determined by the Bishop score. In case of unfavourable cervix or in the pregnancies remote from the term; prostaglandins are more effective than any other method of induction. Introduction of misoprostol, PGE1 analogue, for the induction of labour in 1993 and its approval for clinical use by ACOG (American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology) in 1999 has been the most significant advancement. It is the latest drug for induction of labour which is cheap and stable at room temperature and is being used worldwide in different doses and by various routes. We compared the most commonly preferred two routes; vaginal and oral in terms of success of induction and noted the adverse events and side effects in both routes.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study carried out at SBKSMIRC (Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre), Dhiraj general hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, 200 patients who required induction of labour were recruited after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided in two groups- Group A meant to receive 50µg oral misoprostol, Group B - meant to receive 25µg vaginal misoprostol repeated 4 hourly up to maximum of five doses. Progress of labour was charted on the partograph. The mean induction delivery interval, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes and complications were observed.Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was significantly less in vaginal group than oral (23.3±12.4 hours in oral vs. 17.3±10 hours in vaginal). Vaginal delivery and cesarean section rates were comparable in both groups (76% in Group A vs. 72% in Group B for vaginal delivery, 18% vs. 20% for Cesarean section, respectively). 58% patients in Group A required more than two doses as compared to 39% in group B, though the difference was statistically not significant. Significant number of patients required added oxytocin administration in Group A (72%). No major complications or adverse events were observed. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was seen more in Group A.Conclusions: Both Oral misoprostol in a dose of 50μg and vaginal misoprostol 25 μg every four hours, to a maximum of five doses, have the potential to induce labour safely and effectively. The vaginal route however is beneficial in effecting delivery in lesser time with few numbers of doses as compared to oral route.

Oral Bio Dissolving Films in Dentistry: A New Perspective in Treatment Modality.

The environment of oral cavity provides a large surface area for the delivery of drugs bypassing the first pass metabolism in the liver. Hence, the oral cavity is being targeted for providing quicker delivery of drugs for immediate action. However, oral delivery system in the form of tablets/ capsules needs modifications in elderly, children, and unconscious patients because of the fear of choking and aspiration. To overcome these problems much research is being undertaken to develop oral bio dissolving films as an alternative to tablets. The objective of the article was to provide an overview of the composition, advantages and disadvantages, and uses of bio dissolving films in the field of medicine and dentistry.

Principales superdisgregantes sintéticos, mecanismos y factores que influyen en su actividad / Major synthetic superdisintegrants, mechanisms and factors influencing their activity

Los superdisgregantes han despertado cierto interés en cuanto a que promueven mayor biodisponibilidad para ciertos fármacos. Los superdisgregantes son sustancias que se añaden a una formulación con el fin de romper o disgregar un comprimido en pequeñas partículas para disolver más rápido el principio activo. Esta revisión muestra una descripción general de sus mecanismos de acción, ventajas y desventajas y los superdisgregantes sintéticos más utilizados en la actualidad.

Superdisintegrants have sparked some interest in terms of promoting greater bioavailability for certain drugs. Superdisintegrants are substances added to a formulation in order to break or disintegrate the tablet into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly the active ingredient. This review shows an overview of their mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages and synthetic superdisintegrants currently most used.

Orally disintegrating tablets : formulation, preparation techniques and evaluation.

Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. Formulation of a convenient dosage form for oral administration, by considering swallowing difficulty especially in case of geriatric and pediatric patient leads to poor patient compliance. To troubleshoot such problems a new dosage form known as orally disintegrating tablet (ODT), has been developed which rapidly disintegrate & dissolve in saliva and then easily swallowed without need of water which is a major benefit over conventional dosage form. In addition, patients suffering from dysphasia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer such preparation because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in such type of dosage form. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several ODT technologies for preparation. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, formulation aspects, formulation technologies, evaluation of products and future potential. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.