ABSTRACT
La anoftalmia y la microftalmia congénitas son defectos oculares poco frecuentes, generalmente identificados en el momento del nacimiento, como resultado de alteraciones en la organogénesis del ojo a consecuencia de la acción de factores genéticos y ambientales durante el desarrollo embrionario. Estas anomalías provocan grave discapacidad visual a las personas que la padecen, por lo que generan gran repercusión en el ámbito psicosocial. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoz permitirán la estimulación visual a edad temprana, la corrección parcial o total de la anomalía y una mejor calidad de vida de estos pacientes, aun cuando no sea posible evitar la ceguera. La conducta ante estas afecciones es compleja y controversial; constituyen un reto para el cirujano oculoplástico y para el protesista. Por esta razón se decide realizar una revisión bibliográfica para profundizar en el adecuado manejo clinicoquirúrgico de estas anomalías(AU)
Congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia are infrequent ocular defects at the time of birth as a result of alterations in the organ genesis of the eye caused by the action of genetic and/or environmental factors during the embryonic development. These anomalies bring about serious visual impairment to people who suffer it and have great impact on the psychosocial context. Early diagnosis and treatment allows visual stimulation at younger ages, partial or total correction of the anomaly and a better quality of life for these patients, even when it is not possible to avoid blindness. The behavior before these affections is complex and controversial; it represents a challenge for the oculoplasty surgeon and the prosthesis specialist. The objective of this literature review was to delve into the adequate clinical and surgical management of these anomalies(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anophthalmos/genetics , Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical/statistics & numerical data , Microphthalmos/diagnosis , Microphthalmos/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Visually Impaired PersonsABSTRACT
Exenteraion in early infancy by a tumor and radiotherapy caused the contracted eye socket and Orbital hypoplasia. This result is because of the abscence of the conjunctival fornix and in severe contraction of orbital fat and developmental bone abnormalities. The authors corrected a contracted eye socket and orbital hypoplasia simultaneously, secondary to previous surgery and radiotherapy. A one-stage surgical reconstruction was undertaken using a radial osteocutaneous flap, which were transfered for eye socket reconstruction and orbital hypoplasia. Adipofascia and fragment of radius inserted as an hypoplastic orbit rim susbtitute to enlarge the orbital region. We report that we have experienced a case of eye socket reconstruction with a radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap.