Loucura e o trabalho: integralidade e cuidado em rede no SUS / Madness and work: comprehensiveness and network care in the SUS

Resumo O artigo aborda uma experiência de gestão local do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que logrou implementar o cuidado em rede e tomou o trabalho como um determinante de saúde transversal, por meio da ação integrada entre atores dispostos na atenção básica e nas Redes de Atenção Psicossocial e de Saúde do Trabalhador. Fez-se o acompanhamento de um trabalhador de uma indústria automotiva, cuja atividade laboral o levou a desenvolver um processo de adoecimento por inalação de substâncias químicas. O referencial teórico e o método de análise sustentam-se no reconhecimento do usuário-guia como estratégia de investigação. A biografia do usuário-guia revelou um sofrimento apartado da vida concreta do homem trabalhador. Os aspectos orgânicos deflagradores de um transtorno mental foram banalizados ou negligenciados, em vários serviços, na compreensão do processo de adoecimento que teve origem no seu trabalho. Consoante aos estudos atuais em Saúde Mental relacionada ao Trabalho, os resultados ratificam a necessidade de uma clínica contextualizada do trabalho, da integração entre os serviços e das intervenções intersetoriais, de acordo com as diretrizes do SUS e as políticas públicas de Saúde Mental e de Saúde do Trabalhador.

Abstract This paper addresses a local the Unified Health System (SUS) management experience that managed to implement networked care and took work as a determinant of cross-sectional health through the integrated action between actors in PHC and the Psychosocial Care and Occupational Health Networks. We monitored one automotive industry worker, whose work activity led him to illness due to inhalation of chemical substances. The theoretical framework and the analysis method are based on the recognition of the user-guide as an investigation strategy. The user-guide biography uncovered distress from the concrete life of the working man. The organic aspects that trigger a mental disorder have been trivialized or neglected in various services, in the understanding of the illness process that originated in their work. According to current work-related mental health studies, the results confirm the need for a contextualized work clinic, integration between services, intersectoral interventions per SUS guidelines, and public Mental Health and Occupational Health policies.

Escitalopram-Induced Chronic Euvolemic Hyponatremia

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), through the recent years have seen an increase in the number of prescriptions for a spectrum of mood disorders, especially in the geriatric population. Despite being a well-tolerated antidepressant, SSRIs have been associated with hyponatremia, a rare, but fatal adverse effect and the incidence ranges from 0.5%–32% in literature. Euvolemic hyponatremia is most commonly associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. An extensive review of literature was carried out, and we came across a total of 20 cases where escitalopram was reported as the causative agent of hyponatremia. We report a case of an 82-year-old female patient who had a history of acute onset, progressive memory impairment, and behavioral changes with depressive cognition precipitated by the death of her husband, for which she was treated with escitalopram 5 mg/day and clonazepam 0.5 mg/day. She was admitted to the hospital with presenting complaints of gait imbalance, tremors, irritability, confusion, decreased speech output and persecutory delusions. She was diagnosed with late-onset organic psychosis, precipitated and worsened by escitalopram-induced chronic uncontrolled euvolemic hyponatremia, with a sodium level of 115 mmol/L. On discontinuation of escitalopram, the patient’s serum sodium level improved gradually, and her consciousness became better. This is the second case with recurrent hyponatremia in the literature up to this date, with the other being reported by Tsai et al., in 2012. Furthermore, the dose of escitalopram was only 5 mg/day compared to other reported cases where the dose ranged between 10–20 mg/day.

Cerebral calcifications and schizophreniform disorder / Calcificações cerebrais e transtorno esquizofreniforme

OBJECTIVES: Discuss pathophysiological aspects of cerebral calcifications (CC) and highlight its importance related to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric syndromes. METHOD: Single case report. RESULT: Man 52 years old, 20 years after going through a total thyroidectomy, starts showing behavioral disturbance (psychotic syndrome). He was diagnosed as schizophrenic (paranoid subtype) and submitted to outpatient psychiatric treatment. During a psychiatric admission to evaluate his progressive cognitive and motor deterioration, we identified a dementia syndrome and extensive cerebral calcifications, derived from iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: The calcium and phosphorus disturbances, including hypoparathyroidism, are common causes of CC. Its symptoms can imitate psychiatric disorders and produce serious and permanent cognitive sequelae. The exclusion of organicity is mandatory in any psychiatric investigative diagnosis in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes, such as in the present case report.

OBJETIVOS: Discutir aspectos fisiopatológicos das calcificações cerebrais (CC) e ressaltar sua importância na ocorrência de síndromes neuropsiquiátricas. MÉTODO: Relato de caso individual. RESULTADO: Homem 52 anos de idade, 20 anos após tireoidectomia total, iniciou com alteração comportamental (síndrome psicótica), foi diagnosticado como portador de esquizofrenia paranoide e encaminhado para ambulatório de psiquiatria. Durante internação psiquiátrica, para avaliação de importante deterioração cognitivo e motora, foi verificada a vigência de síndrome demencial e extensas CC, secundários a hipoparatiroidismo iatrogênico. CONCLUSÃO: Os distúrbios do metabolismo do cálcio e do fósforo, incluindo o hipoparatiroidismo, são causas frequentes de CC. Seus sintomas podem mimetizar transtornos psiquiátricos e provocar sequelas cognitivas permanentes. A exclusão de organicidade é mandatória durante toda investigação diagnóstica na psiquiatria, a fim de evitar desfechos desfavoráveis, como no presente relato de caso.