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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(3): 436-442, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951571

ABSTRACT

Abstract In this study were evaluated the anaesthesia and analgesic effects of clove Eugenia caryophyllata, tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and basil Ocimum basilicum essential oils (EO) during handling of yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii. Juveniles (3.70 ± 0.75 cm and 1.03 ± 0.50 g; mean ± standard deviation) were submitted to concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 µl L-1 of clove, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 µl L-1 of basil and 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 µl L-1 of tea tree oils (n=10/concentration), previously defined in pilot tests. Individually and only once, fish from each treatment were placed in a glass recipient containing 1 L of seawater at a temperature of 25 °C, salinity of 35 g L-1 and the specific concentration of diluted EO (stock solution). Control (only seawater) and blank (seawater and ethanol at the highest concentration used to dilute the oils) treatments were also conducted. After reaching the stage of surgical anaesthesia, fish were submitted to biometry and a sensibility test. After that, they were transferred to clean seawater for anaesthesia recovery. The times of induction needed to reach each anaesthesia stage and anaesthesia recovery were recorded. Animals were observed for 72 hours after the procedures. All the EO provoked anaesthesia and analgesic effects in A. clarkii, but basil oil is not recommended because it caused involuntary muscle contractions and mortality in 100% and 12% of fish, respectively. The lower concentrations that promote suitable induction and recovery times are 50 µl L-1 of clove oil and 500 µl L-1 of tea tree oil. However, due to its complementary high analgesic efficiency, clove oil is recommended as the ideal anaesthetic for A. clarkii.


Resumo Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos anestésicos e analgésicos dos óleos essenciais (OE) de cravo Eugenia caryophyllata, melaleuca Melaleuca alternifolia e manjericão Ocimum basilicum durante manejo de peixes-palhaços Amphiprion clarkii. Juvenis (3.70 ± 0.75 cm e 1.03 ± 0.50 g; média ± desvio padrão) foram submetidos às concentrações de 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 µl L-1 de cravo, 150, 200, 250, 300 e 350 µl L-1 de manjericão e 200, 300, 400, 500 e 600 µl L-1 de melaleuca (n=10/concentração), previamente definidas em testes pilotos. Individualmente e somente uma vez, os peixes de cada tratamento foram colocados em recipiente de vidro contendo 1 L de água salgada, em temperatura de 25 °C, salinidade de 35 g L-1 e a concentração específica de OE diluída (solução estoque). Tratamentos controle (apenas água marinha) e branco (água marinha e a maior concentração de etanol utilizada para diluição dos óleos) também foram conduzidos. Após atingirem o estágio de anestesia cirúrgica, os peixes foram submetidos à biometria e teste de sensibilidade. Em seguida, foram transferidos para água marinha limpa. Os tempos necessários para atingir cada estágio anestésico e recuperação foram registrados. Os animais foram observados por 72 horas após os procedimentos. Todos os OE provocaram anestesia e analgesia em A. clarkii, porém o óleo de manjericão não é recomendado, pois causou contrações musculares involuntárias e mortalidade em 100% e 12% dos animais, respectivamente. As menores concentrações que promovem indução anestésica e recuperação em tempos adequados são 50 µl L-1 de óleo de cravo e 500 µl L-1 de óleo de melaleuca. Entretanto, devido à sua alta eficiência analgésica complementar, o óleo de cravo é recomendado como o anestésico ideal para A. clarkii.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Oils/toxicity , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Tea Tree Oil/pharmacology , Clove Oil/pharmacology , Analgesia/veterinary , Analgesics/pharmacology , Anesthesia/veterinary , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Species Specificity , Plant Oils/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fishes , Analgesia/methods , Anesthesia/methods , Muscle Contraction/drug effects
2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467111

ABSTRACT

Abstract In this study were evaluated the anaesthesia and analgesic effects of clove Eugenia caryophyllata, tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and basil Ocimum basilicum essential oils (EO) during handling of yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii. Juveniles (3.70 ± 0.75 cm and 1.03 ± 0.50 g; mean ± standard deviation) were submitted to concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 µl L-1 of clove, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 µl L-1 of basil and 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 µl L-1 of tea tree oils (n=10/concentration), previously defined in pilot tests. Individually and only once, fish from each treatment were placed in a glass recipient containing 1 L of seawater at a temperature of 25 °C, salinity of 35 g L-1 and the specific concentration of diluted EO (stock solution). Control (only seawater) and blank (seawater and ethanol at the highest concentration used to dilute the oils) treatments were also conducted. After reaching the stage of surgical anaesthesia, fish were submitted to biometry and a sensibility test. After that, they were transferred to clean seawater for anaesthesia recovery. The times of induction needed to reach each anaesthesia stage and anaesthesia recovery were recorded. Animals were observed for 72 hours after the procedures. All the EO provoked anaesthesia and analgesic effects in A. clarkii, but basil oil is not recommended because it caused involuntary muscle contractions and mortality in 100% and 12% of fish, respectively. The lower concentrations that promote suitable induction and recovery times are 50 µl L-1 of clove oil and 500 µl L-1 of tea tree oil. However, due to its complementary high analgesic efficiency, clove oil is recommended as the ideal anaesthetic for A. clarkii.


Resumo Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos anestésicos e analgésicos dos óleos essenciais (OE) de cravo Eugenia caryophyllata, melaleuca Melaleuca alternifolia e manjericão Ocimum basilicum durante manejo de peixes-palhaços Amphiprion clarkii. Juvenis (3.70 ± 0.75 cm e 1.03 ± 0.50 g; média ± desvio padrão) foram submetidos às concentrações de 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 µl L-1 de cravo, 150, 200, 250, 300 e 350 µl L-1 de manjericão e 200, 300, 400, 500 e 600 µl L-1 de melaleuca (n=10/concentração), previamente definidas em testes pilotos. Individualmente e somente uma vez, os peixes de cada tratamento foram colocados em recipiente de vidro contendo 1 L de água salgada, em temperatura de 25 °C, salinidade de 35 g L-1 e a concentração específica de OE diluída (solução estoque). Tratamentos controle (apenas água marinha) e branco (água marinha e a maior concentração de etanol utilizada para diluição dos óleos) também foram conduzidos. Após atingirem o estágio de anestesia cirúrgica, os peixes foram submetidos à biometria e teste de sensibilidade. Em seguida, foram transferidos para água marinha limpa. Os tempos necessários para atingir cada estágio anestésico e recuperação foram registrados. Os animais foram observados por 72 horas após os procedimentos. Todos os OE provocaram anestesia e analgesia em A. clarkii, porém o óleo de manjericão não é recomendado, pois causou contrações musculares involuntárias e mortalidade em 100% e 12% dos animais, respectivamente. As menores concentrações que promovem indução anestésica e recuperação em tempos adequados são 50 µl L-1 de óleo de cravo e 500 µl L-1 de óleo de melaleuca. Entretanto, devido à sua alta eficiência analgésica complementar, o óleo de cravo é recomendado como o anestésico ideal para A. clarkii.

3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(1): 255-264, 2/2015. tab, fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741113

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho estudou-se a utilização de esgotos domésticos tratados na criação do peixe ornamental molinésia (Poecilia sp.), observando o desempenho zootécnico e avaliando-se o bem-estar dos peixes cultivados. Foram testados três tratamentos: ET - abastecido com esgoto tratado em lagoas de estabilização; ED - abastecido com esgoto tratado e água de poço diluídos em iguais proporções; AB - abastecido com água de poço. Por meio dos resultados dos parâmetros físico-químicos, observou-se que o esgoto doméstico tratado em lagoas de estabilização oferece condição para se realizar o cultivo da espécie, com melhor desempenho quando diluído em água. Em todos os parâmetros de rendimento zootécnicos avaliados, o tratamento que utilizou o esgoto tratado diluído foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados. Dentre os indicadores de bem-estar observados, apenas a avaliação histopatológica foi capaz de fornecer resultado conclusivo, o qual apontou o tratamento que utilizou esgoto tratado diluído como o que proporcionou maior conforto à espécie cultivada. As características ornamentais dos peixes cultivados não sofreram influência do uso do esgoto doméstico tratado, observando-se que os padrões de coloração e formato de nadadeiras não foram alterados.


This work evaluated the treated sewage reuse in ornamental molly fish creation, evaluating the zootechnical performance and animal welfare. Three treatments were tested: ET - supplied with treated sewage; ED - supplied with sewage and raw water in the same proportion; AB - supplied with raw water. The physical-chemical results indicated that the treated sewage from stabilization ponds was adequate for the species cultivation only when diluted in raw water. Among the welfare indicators, only histopathological evaluation was able to provide conclusive results, which showed that the treated sewage diluted treatment was the best in terms of comfort for the cultivated species. The ornamental characteristics of farmed fish were not influenced by the use of treated sewage, in which the patterns of color and shape of fins were not changed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare/trends , Aquaculture/methods , Fishes/growth & development , Domestic Effluents
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(4): 1353-1363, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753695

ABSTRACT

The production of ornamental fishes represents an economic activity of a growing number of Mexican families. Nevertheless, the reproduction of fish in captivity is one of the complications faced by farmers. This study was set up to: (i) evaluate the morphological and functional changes induced by hydration in the gametes of fish tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona; 240 samples) at tree times after hydration (10, 20 and 30s) with classic spermograms (volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, and normal morphology); and (ii) evaluate the implementation of in vitro fertilization based on the ovulation rate, the percentage of fertilization and hatching, and the larval numbers obtained after 72 hours. The average volume of milt was 3.0±0.7μL, and the minimum, maximum and average concentration of sperm was 44.4x10(6) spz/mL, 52.3x10(6)spz/mL, and 48.1±5.9x10(6)spz/mL, respectively. The viability and motility of the sperm was 84.6±3.2% and 81.5±2.2%, respectively. The diameter of the sperm with/without water contact was 2.1±0.6μm and 3.8±1.0μm (p<0.05); the largest diameter was recorded 30 seconds after the contact with water. For oocytes, the smaller and larger diameters were recorded at 10 and 30s, respectively (both with/without water contact); the oocytes diameters after 10 and 30 seconds of contact with water were 1.11 and 1.55mm, respectively. A higher ovulation rate was recorded using the in vitro fertilization: 250±50 oocytes versus 28±09 oocytes (during natural fertilization; p<0.05). Nevertheless, fertilization and hatching rates were higher for the natural fertilization (80 and 60%, respectively). Considering the number of larvae obtained after 72 hours, our results showed a higher value for the in vitro fertilization (75±18 compared to 13.4±12 of the natural fertilization; p<0.05). We propose this fish as a model for other ornamental fishes of commercial interest. Our results demonstrate that the in vitro fertilization is a very high viable option to optimize and maximize resources; besides, the reproduction management optimization under controlled conditions may enhance wild fish stocks preservation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1353-1363. Epub 2014 December 01.


El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las características de los gametos de Puntius tetrazona (n=240), los cambios morfológicos a partir de su activación mediante espermogramas cásicos y por otro lado, se evaluó la implementación de la fertilización in vitro a partir de la tasa ovulatoria, el % de fertilización y eclosión y el número de larvas vivas a las 72h. El volumen promedio de semen fue de 3.0±0.7µL. La concentración espermática mínima, máxima y promedio fue 44.48x10(6)spz/mL, 52.3x10(6)spz/mL y 48.1±5.9x10(6)spz/mL, respectivamente. La viabilidad promedio fue de 84.68±3.27%. La motilidad promedio fue 81.53±2.28%. El diámetro de los espermatozoides fluctuó entre 2.16±0.2 y 2.79±0.3µm; 3.84±0.3 y 4.86±0.31µm sin y con contacto con el agua respectivamente, con diferencias significativas. El diámetro mayor fue a los 30s en contacto con el agua. Los ovocitos de menor y mayor diámetro se registraron a los diez y 30s sin y con contacto con el agua respectivamente. Los diámetros de los ovocitos en diez y 30s en contacto con el agua fluctuaron entre 1.11 y 1.55mm respectivamente. La mayor tasa ovulatoria fue en la fertilización in vitro con 250±50 ovocitos frente a 28±09 de la natural, con diferencias significativas. Los porcentajes de fertilización y eclosión fueron más elevados en la fertilización natural con 80% y 60% respectivamente. Se registraron 75±18 larvas a las 72 horas en el grupo in vitro comparado con 13.4±12 larvas de la fertilización natural. Con lo anterior, la técnica que permitió mayor cantidad de larvas fue la de fertilización in vitro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Aquaculture/methods , Cyprinidae/physiology , Fertilization in Vitro/veterinary , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/physiology , Cyprinidae/classification , Oocytes/physiology , Sperm Motility/physiology , Spermatozoa/physiology
5.
Vet. Méx ; 39(3): 255-268, jul.-sep. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632884

ABSTRACT

Cichlids constitute the group of fishes of greatest importance for ornamental aquaculture. To increment the production of these species, producers have to satisfy the metabolic necessities that will give to the fish greater tolerance to the variations in the physicochemical factors of their surroundings, as well as resistance to diseases. Aquaculturists include live food as part of their diet for its high protein content, mainly in their first development phases. The organisms of greatest use in aquaculture as live food are: Artemia, Daphnia, Tubifex and Tenebrio; nevertheless, and in spite of being a probable source of ichthiopathogenic contamination, the bacterial charge they carry is not considered, which is incorporated to the culture system with the food. For this reason, in the present study a diagnosis of the sanitary conditions of live fish food management: Artemia, Daphnia, Tubifex and Tenebrio, during its collection, production and selling process was done. A qualitative and quantitative analysis on the bacterial charge in each one of these foods was performed. The isolated strains, in different specific microbiological agars, were purified and identified using API-20E and API- 20NE systems. To establish the significant difference between sanitary conditions and defined bacterial charge, per food and per commercial process phase, an analysis of variance and the comparison test of multiple means by the method of Tukey was performed. Significant differences in sanitary management conditions and in the count of ufc/mL different food samples were observed. In different phases of commercialization process three different levels were identified: good, bad and worst, according to the sanitary management and count of cfu/mL of each feed.


Los cíclidos constituyen el grupo de peces de mayor importancia para la acuicultura de ornato. Con el propósito de incrementar la producción de estas especies, los productores deben satisfacer las necesidades metabólicas que proporcionarán a los peces mayor tolerancia a las variaciones en los factores fisicoquímicos del medio ambiente que los rodea, así como más resistencia a las enfermedades. Los acuicultores incluyen alimento vivo, como parte de la dieta de los peces, por su alto contenido en proteína, sobre todo en las primeras etapas de su desarrollo. Los organismos de mayor uso en la acuicultura como alimento vivo son: Artemia, Daphnia, Tubifex y Tenebrio; sin embargo, y a pesar de ser una probable fuente de contaminación de ictiopatógenos, no se considera la carga bacteriana que portan, la cual es incorporada al sistema de cultivo junto con el alimento. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, en el presente estudio se efectuó el diagnóstico de las condiciones sanitarias de manejo del alimento vivo para peces: Artemia, Daphnia,Tubifex y Tenebrio, durante su proceso de recolección, producción y venta. Se efectuó el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la carga bacteriana en cada uno de estos alimentos. Las cepas aisladas, en diferentes agares microbiológicos específicos, se purificaron e identificaron utilizando los sistemas API-20E y API-20NE. Para establecer la diferencia significativa entre las condiciones sanitarias y carga bacteriana definida, por alimento y por fase del proceso de comercialización, se aplicó el análisis de varianza y la prueba de comparación de medias múltiples por el método de Tukey. Se observaron diferencias significativas en las condiciones sanitarias de manejo y en el conteo de ufc/mL de las muestras de los diferentes alimentos. Se identificaron en las diferentes fases del proceso de comercialización tres niveles: bueno, malo y pésimo, de acuerdo con el manejo sanitario y conteo de ufc/mL de cada alimento.

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