ABSTRACT
SUMMARY Introduction: The Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus that belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus and family Peribunyaviridae, responsible for causing Oropouche fever (OF) in humans. The clinical diagnosis of is doubtful due to the non-specificity of the symptoms, which can lead to a mistaken diagnosis of other arboviruses. Thus, the survey of epidemiological data on the occurrence of has been a major challenge for public health authorities, especially in of South America. Aim: To determine the general exposure rate of OROV in Brazil and other countries in South America by a systematic review. An article search was carried out in the Pubmed/ Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs, Electronic Scientific Online Library (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results: 18 studies were selected as eligible to compose this review on epidemiological aspects of OROV. The studies were published from 1989 to 2020. Most studies were carried out in Brazil (12/18; 66.66%) and Peru (5/18; 27.77%), only one study collected samples from Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay. The test for the OROV was realized mainly by serological analysis. Of the 8005 samples analyzed, 1570 tested positive for the presence of OROV thus accounting a general exposure rate in South America of 19.61%. Brazil was responsible for more than half of the cases of OROV identified in South America (855/1570; 54.46%), however Peru has the highest rate of exposure to the virus (23.43% of frequency in Peru vs. 16.77% of frequency in Brazil). Conclusion: OROV stands out as an important public health problem in Amazonian countries in South America.
Introdução: o virus Oropouche (OROV) é um arbovírus pertencente ao gênero Orthobunyavirus e família Peribunyaviridae, responsável por causar a febre Oropouche (FO) em humanos. O diagnóstico clínico da FO é duvidoso devido à não especificidade dos sintomas, o que pode levar a um diagnóstico equivocado de outras arboviroses. Assim, o levantamento de dados epidemiológicos sobre a ocorrência de FO tem sido um grande desafio para as autoridades de saúde pública, principalmente na América do Sul. Objetivo: determinar a taxa geral de exposição de OROV no Brasil e em outros países da América do Sul por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Foi realizada busca de artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed/ Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs, Electronic Scientific Online Library (SciELO) e Virtual Health Library (BVS). Resultados: 18 estudos foram selecionados como elegíveis para compor esta revisão sobre aspectos epidemiológicos da OROV. Os estudos foram publicados de 1989 a 2020. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada no Brasil (18/12; 66,66%) e Peru (18/5; 27,77%), apenas um estudo coletou amostras do Peru, Equador, Bolívia e Paraguai. O teste para o OROV foi realizado principalmente por análise sorológica. Das 8005 amostras analisadas, 1570 testaram positivo para a presença de OROV, representando assim uma taxa de exposição geral na América do Sul de 19,61%. O Brasil foi responsável por mais da metade dos casos de OROV identificados na América do Sul (855/1570; 54,46%), porém o Peru tem a maior taxa de exposição ao vírus (23,43% de frequência no Peru vs. 16,77% de frequência em Brasil). Conclusão: OROV destaca-se como um importante problema de saúde pública nos países amazônicos da América do Sul.
Introducción: el virus Oropouche (OROV) es un arbovirus que pertenece al género Orthobunyavirus y familia Peribunyaviridae, responsable de causar la fiebre de oropouche (FO) en humanos. El diagnóstico clínico de FO es dudoso debido a la inespecificidad de los síntomas, lo que puede conducir a un diagnóstico erróneo de otros arbovirus. Por lo tanto, el levantamiento de datos epidemiológicos sobre la ocurrencia de FO ha sido un gran desafío para las autoridades de salud pública, especialmente en el sur de América del Sur. Objetivo: determinar la tasa de exposición general de OROV en Brasil y otros países de América del Sur mediante una revisión sistemática. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Pubmed/ Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs, Electronic Scientific Online Library (SciELO) y Virtual Health Library (BVS). Resultados: 18 estudios fueron seleccionados como elegibles para esta revisión sobre aspectos epidemiológicos de OROV. Los estudios se publicaron entre 1989 y 2020. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en Brasil (12/18; 66,66 %) y Perú (5/18; 27,77 %), solo un estudio recolectó muestras de Perú, Ecuador, Bolivia y Paraguay. La prueba para el OROV se realizó principalmente por análisis serológico. De las 8005 muestras analizadas, 1570 dieron positivo a la presencia de OROV, lo que representa una tasa de exposición general en América del Sur del 19,61 %. Brasil fue responsable de más de la mitad de los casos de OROV identificados en América del Sur (855/1570; 54,46 %), sin embargo, Perú tiene la tasa más alta de exposición al virus (23,43 % de frecuencia en Perú vs. 16,77 % de frecuencia en Brasil). Conclusión: OROV se destaca como un importante problema de salud pública en los países amazónicos de América del Sur.
ABSTRACT
The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon), is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF) were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42) were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.