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1.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 32(4): 214-216, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-948812

ABSTRACT

El osteoma cutis (OC) es una lesión compuesta de tejido óseo en dermis y/o hipodermis. Se clasifican en primarios, cuando se desarrollan en piel sana, y secundarios, cuando aparecen sobre lesiones preexistentes. Mujer de 61 años con antecedente de linfoma de Hodgkin en remisión, presentó una lesión de larga data, desarrollada en piel sana, en primer dedo de la mano izquierda, que cursaba con brotes recurrentes y autolimitados de dolor y aumento de temperatura local. La exploración física mostró un nódulo pétreo, con úlcera de fondo calcáreo. El estudio histopatológico de la biopsia escisional reveló tejido óseo, sin otras lesiones cutáneas asociadas. El estudio complementario, incluyendo hemograma, función renal y hepática, calcio y fósforo séricos, PTH, TSH, vitamina D y calciuria fue normal. Descartándose alteraciones en el metabolismo calcio-fosforo y otras lesiones cutáneas preexistentes, se realizó el diagnostico de OC primario en forma de placa. El OC es una lesión benigna, pudiendo ser primario o secundario. Los secundarios representan cerca del 85% y se originan por la osificación de lesiones preexistentes tumorales o inflamatorias. Los OC primarios se presentan aislados o formando parte de síndromes como la fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva, la osteodistrofia hereditaria de Albright y la heteroplasia osificante progresiva. A pesar de la asociación a mutaciones en GNAS de OC y estos síndromes, el diagnóstico de ambos es fundamentalmente clínico. Los OC primarios sin síndrome asociado, se dividen en osteomas miliares de la cara y osteomas en forma de placa (plate-like OC), como este caso. Ante un OC primario, debemos descartar síndromes asociados a osificaciones heterotópicas.


Osteoma cutis (OC) is a lesion composed of bone tissue located in the dermis and/or hypodermis. It is classified as primary when it develops over healthy skin; and secondary when it develops over preexisting lesions. A 61-year-old woman with history of Hodgkin lymphoma in remission, presents a longstanding lesion located on the first finger of her left hand which developed over healthy skin, associated with recurrent and self-limited episodes of pain and increased local temperature. Physical examination reveals a stone-hard nodule, with a calcareous-bottomed ulcer. The histopathological evaluation of the excisional biopsy revealed bone tissue. Complementary studies included: complete blood count, renal and hepatic function, plasma calcium and phosphorus, PTH, TSH, vitamin D, and urinary calcium, all of them in normal ranges. Once systemic disease was ruled out, platelike OC was diagnosed. OC is a benign lesion which can be primary or secondary. Secondary OC represent nearly 85% of cases, and it corresponds to an ossification of preexisting tumoral or inflammatory lesions. Primary OC is less frequent, it appears isolated or as part of syndromes like fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, and progressive osseous heteroplasia. GNAS mutations have been described in primary OC as in these syndromes, but the final diagnosis relies on the clinical picture. Isolated primary OC is classified in milliary osteomas of the face and plate-like OC, like our case. When facing primary OC, syndromes that present with heterotopic ossification must be ruled out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Osteoma/pathology , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology , Osteoma/diagnostic imaging , Physical Examination , Biopsy , Clinical Laboratory Techniques
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [97] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-790397

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A primeira doença humana atribuída à resistência hormonal foi o pseudo-hipoparatireoidismo (PHP), uma doença rara caracterizada por hipocalcemia, hiperfosfatemia e níveis elevados de hormônio paratireoidiano (PTH) na presença de função renal normal, quadro condizente com resistência ao PTH. A classificação original do PHP leva em consideração a osteodistrofia hereditária de Albright (AHO): presente no PHP1a e ausente no PHP1b. Na medida em que as bases moleculares do PHP têm sido compreendidas, uma classificação baseada no genótipo tem surgido. Segundo ela, pacientes com PHP1a apresentam mutações na região codificadora da Gsalfa do GNAS e o padrão de herança é autossômico dominante relacionado à transmissão materna. Por outro lado, o PHP1b é caracterizado por alterações nas regiões diferencialmente metiladas (DMRs) do GNAS por mecanismos não completamente esclarecidos, limitando a previsão do seu padrão de herança. Pacientes que apresentam a AHO na ausência de resistência hormonal têm o diagnóstico de pseudopseudo-hipoparatireoidismo (PPHP) e seu padrão de herança é autossômico dominante relacionado à transmissão paterna de mutações na região codificadora da Gsalfa do GNAS. OBJETIVOS: Classificar 25 pacientes com PHP com base em defeitos no GNAS e caracterizar seu fenótipo. Pesquisar mutações no GNAS nos quatro pacientes com PPHP e também caracterizar seu fenótipo. MÉTODOS: A avaliação fenotípica incluiu análise das resistências hormonais, pesquisa de repercussões crônicas da hipocalcemia/hiperfosfatemia (calcificações em sistema nervoso central: SNC e catarata) e identificação da AHO. A análise do GNAS foi feita por sequenciamento automático e MLPA (região codificadora da Gsalfa) e por MS-MLPA (região regulatória: DMRs). RESULTADOS: Resistência ao PTH foi identificada nos 25 pacientes com PHP e resistência ao TSH em 17/25. Calcificações em SNC e catarata estiveram presentes em 18 e 10 pacientes com PHP, respectivamente. A...


BACKGROUND: The first human disease attributed to hormone resistance was pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), a rare disease characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the presence of normal renal function, consistent picture of PTH resistance. The original classification of PHP takes into account the Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO): present in PHP1a and absent in PHP1b. As the molecular bases of PHP have been understood, a classification based on genotype has emerged. According to it, PHP1a patients present mutations in the Gsalpha coding region of the GNAS and the pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant related to maternal transmission. On the other hand, PHP1b is characterized by alterations in differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the GNAS by mechanisms not completely clear, limiting the prediction of the pattern of inheritance. Patients who present AHO in the absence of hormone resistance have the diagnosis of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) and their pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant related to paternal transmission of mutations in the Gsalfa coding region of the GNAS. OBJECTIVE: To classify 25 patients with PHP based on GNAS molecular defects and to characterize their phenotype. To search for GNAS mutations in four patients with PPHP and also to characterize their phenotype. METHODS: The phenotypic evaluation included analysis of hormone resistances, research of chronic repercussions of hypocalcemia/hyperphosphatemia (calcifications in central nervous system: CNS and cataract) and identification of AHO. The analysis of the GNAS was done by automated sequencing and MLPA (Gsalphaa coding region) and by MS-MLPA (regulatory region: DMRs). RESULTS: PTH resistance was identified in 25 patients with PHP and TSH resistance in 17/25. Calcifications in CNS and cataract were present in 18 and 10 patients with PHP, respectively. AHO was characterized by: rounded face (n=18),...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hypocalcemia , Parathyroid Hormone , Pseudohypoparathyroidism , Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
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