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Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 9(3): 449-455, dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775470

ABSTRACT

Los bisfosfonatos (BF) son fármacos ampliamente utilizados como estabilizadores óseos en el tratamiento de metástasis óseas, osteoporosis, enfermedad de Paget, entre otras patologías, debido a sus efectos anti-tumorales y a la característica de inhibir la actividad osteoclástica. La osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a BF, hoy en día osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a fármacos (ONMF) es definida como la presencia de hueso expuesto, no-vascularizado y necrótico en la cavidad oral por un periodo mayor a ocho semanas, con una historia positiva de tratamiento con fármacos anti-reabsorción ósea (BP, inhibidores del ligando RANKL) y/o anti-angiogénicos y sin antecedentes de tratamiento con radiación o metástasis obvia en los maxilares. La frecuencia de ONMF es incierta. La mandíbula es más frecuentemente afectada por ONMF que el maxilar. Pocos casos de ONMF en el maxilar han sido descritos con un diagnostico de sinusitis maxilar simultáneo. Tres casos con sinusitis maxilar asociada a ONMF son presentados en este trabajo. Todos los pacientes fueron mujeres con una historia positiva de cáncer de mama y tratamiento con bisfosfonatos. Los primeros dos casos, desarrollaron ONMF después de una extracción del tercer molar maxilar. El tercer caso con ONMF en el maxilar, sólo tenía antecedentes de curetaje periodontal. Una tomografía computada fue realizada y mostró compromiso del seno maxilar en todos los pacientes. Modalidades diagnósticas para evaluar la extensión de la necrosis y el compromiso del seno, como también alternativas de tratamiento son descritas en este estudio. Finalmente, una revisión actualizada de la literatura es presentada.


Bisphosphonates are widely used as bone-stabilizers in the treatment of osseous metastases, osteoporosis, Paget's disease and others,due to their ability to inhibit osteoclast activity and anti-tumor effects. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nowadays medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), is defined as the presence of exposed, non-vascularized and necrotic bone tissue in the oral cavity over a period of 8 weeks with a current or previous history of treatment with antiresorptive (bisphosphonates, RANKL ligand inhibitor) and/or antiangiogenic agents, and no history of radiation therapy to the jaws or obvious metastatic disease to the jaws. The frequency of MRONJ is unclear. The mandible appears to be more frequently affected by MRONJ than the maxilla. Isolated cases of maxillary MRONJ have been described in wich a simultaneous sinusitis maxillaris was diagnosed. Three cases of MRONJ associated with maxillaris sinusitis are presented. All cases were females with a positive history of breast cancer and bisphosphonate therapy. The first two, developed MRONJ after a third molar upper extraction. The third case with MRONJ, had a history of periodontal curettage. A computed tomography was performed and showed a maxillary sinus compromise in all patients. Imaging modalities to evaluate the extent of the necrosis and the sinus compromise, as also treatment options were described in this study. Finally, an updated literature review is presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Maxillary Sinusitis/chemically induced , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/complications , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Maxillary Sinusitis/therapy , Maxillary Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/therapy , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/diagnostic imaging
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