Research progress on the osteosarcopenia / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric disease in which sarcopenia and osteoporosis coexist. With the aging, the incidence of osteosarcopenia will increase significantly in the next few decades, with adverse consequences including a higher risk of falls, fractures, weakness, and death. Early diagnosis and intervention of osteosarcopenia are of great significance in improving the quality of life of the elderly. This article reviews the diagnosis, molecular mechanisms, adverse consequences, and possible treatment options for osteosarcopenia.

Osteosarcopenia: del envejecimiento de la unidad óseo-muscular a la enfermedad / Osteosarcopenia: from muscle-bone unit aging to disease

Aunque la masa muscular y la ósea tienen igual origen embriológico, desarrollo y función, por lo que constituyen la unidad hueso-músculo, las enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento de esta unidad se consideran de manera independiente. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se evidencia el efecto aditivo nocivo que genera la sarcopenia y la osteopenia/osteoporosis en la calidad de vida y la salud del adulto mayor y aparece el concepto de osteosarcopenia. Entre los adultos mayores se reporta la disminución progresiva de la masa y la fuerza musculares, y las caídas accidentales en el hogar (probables por fragilidad) que están entre las principales causas de muerte, lo que sugiere que un grupo de estos adultos mayores pudieran tener osteosarcopenia. Por ello se requiere desarrollar capacidades para su prevención. Se realiza una revisión narrativa para actualizar aspectos del envejecimiento de la unidad óseo-muscular, la importancia de la osteosarcopenia, sus criterios diagnósticos y opciones terapéuticas. Se estudiaron artículos completos, en idioma inglés y español, obtenidos de las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo Regional y Google Scholar. La infiltración grasa de la unidad músculo-hueso es el evento más importante del envejecimiento, pero no existe uniformidad en el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. Hasta el presente un aporte proteico de calcio y vitamina D, unido a ejercicios de fuerza, son las principales opciones terapéuticas. No se dispone de fármacos que actúen al unísono sobre las dos entidades que conforman la osteosarcopenia(AU)

Muscle and bone mass have the same embryological origin, development and function constituting the bone-muscle unit. However, the diseases associated with aging of this unit are considered independently. In recent years, the additive effect of sarcopenia and osteopenia / osteoporosis on the quality of life and health of the elderly has been revealed, and thus the concept of Osteosarcopenia emerged. In older adults, reporting a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength. Along with the above, accidental falls at home (by fragility?) are among its main causes of death, suggesting that a group of these aging people may have undiagnosed Osteosarcopenia. To develop capacities for its prevention the objective of this narrative revision are update aspects related to the aging of muscle. Bone unit and diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for Osteosarcopenia. Exhaustive review of complete articles, in English and Spanish, downloaded manually and published between 2010 and 2019, obtained from the Pubmed, Scielo Regional and Google Scholar databases. the fatty infiltration of the muscle-bone unit It is the most important event of aging, there is no uniformity in the diagnosis of sarcopenia and adequate protein intake, calcium and D vitamin and strength exercises are principal therapeutic options. There are no drugs with on both entities(AU)

Osteosarcopenia in Patients with Hip Fracture Is Related with High Mortality

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the prevalence of osteosarcopenia, as well as the relationship between one-year mortality and osteosarcopenia, as defined by criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in patients age 60 or older with hip fracture. METHODS: A total of 324 patients age 60 years or older with hip fracture were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of osteosarcopenia, as well as the relationship between osteosarcopenia and 1-year mortality. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was carried out according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. Whole body densitometry analysis was used for skeletal muscle mass measurement and muscle strength were evaluated by handgrip testing. Mortality was assessed at the end of 1-year. Cox regression analysis was utilized to analyze the risk factor of osteosarcopenia. RESULTS: Of 324 patients with hip fracture, 93 (28.7%) were diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. In total, 9.0% died during the one-year follow-up. A one-year mortality of osteosarcopenia (15.1%) was higher than that of other groups (normal: 7.8%, osteoporosis only: 5.1%, sarcopenia only: 10.3%). Osteosarcopenia had a 1.8 times higher mortality rate than non-osteosarcopenia. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of osteosarcopenia is not rare, and has a higher mortality rate than the non-osteosarcopenia group at the 1-year follow-up period. This is the first study evaluating the relationship between mortality and osteosarcopenia in patients with hip fracture.

Osteosarcopenia: un factor de riesgo para fracturas osteoporoticas / Osteosarcopenia: a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures / Osteo-sarcopenia: um fator de risco para fraturas osteoporóticas

La sarcopenia asociada a la edad es una condicion caracterizada por una disminucion de la masa y fuerza muscular de causa multifactorial. El hueso y el musculo son dos tejidos que se encuentran interrelacionados entre si. Las fuerzas mecanicas aplicadas sobre el hueso son aquellas originadas por la contraccion muscular, lo cual condiciona las propiedades del hueso como masa, tamano, forma y arquitectura. Por la tanto, la disminucion de la masa y fuerza muscular conduciran a una disminucion de la cantidad y calidad osea. De esta manera, la sarcopenia es una condicion que en adultos mayores incrementa el riesgo de caidas y fracturas por fragilidad osea, por lo que se propone el termino de osteosarcopenia para identificar aquellos adultos mayores con mayor riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad osea. En la actualidad, el desarrollo de un consenso sobre los criterios diagnosticos de osteosarcopenia son demandados por la comunidad medica ya que estos permitirian identificar a los pacientes con mayor riesgo de desarrollar fracturas osteoporoticas, realizar intervenciones terapeuticas adecuadas y mejorar la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.

Age-related sarcopenia is a condition which typically shows a decline in muscle mass and strength due to multifactorial causes. Bones and muscles are two interrelated tissues. The mechanical forces applied on bones are those derived from muscle contraction, conditioning bone properties, such as mass, size, shape and architecture. Therefore, the decline of muscle mass and strength would lead to a decrease in bone quality and quantity resulting in bone frailty. For this reason, sarcopenia is a condition that increases the risk of suffering falls and fractures in older adults. Currently, osteosarcopenia is the term used to identify those older adults with a greater risk of fractures due to bone frailty; however, a consensus of the medical community is needed for developing diagnostic criteria which makes it possible to identify patients with a high risk of developing osteoporotic fractures, to perform adequate therapeutic interventions and to improve the quality of life of older adults.

A sarcopenia associada à idade é uma condição caracterizada por uma diminuição da massa e da força muscular derivada de uma série de causas. O osso e o músculo são dois tecidos que se encontram inter-relacionados entre si. As forças mecânicas aplicadas sobre o osso são aquelas originadas pela contração muscular, que condiciona as propriedades do osso, tais como a massa, o tamanho, a forma e a arquitetura. Portanto, a diminuição da massa e da força muscular conduzirão à uma diminuição da quantidade e da qualidade ósseas. Desta maneira, a sarcopenia é uma condição que em adultos idosos incrementa o risco de quedas e fraturas em razão da fragilidade óssea, razão pela qual se propõe o termo osteo-sarcopenia para identificar a aqueles idosos com maior risco de fraturas por fragilidade óssea. Na atualidade, o desenvolvimento de um consenso sobre os critérios diagnósticos da osteo-sarcopenia é demanda da comunidade médica, na medida em que permitiria identificar os pacientes com maior risco de desenvolver fraturas osteoporóticas, realizar intervenções terapêuticas adequadas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos.