Anatomía de las osteotomías dorsolumbares en fotografías en 3D / Anatomy of thoracolumbar osteotomies in 3D photographs

Introducción y objetivo: Existe evidencia contundente que demuestra la relación entre el balance sagital y la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos con deformidad espinal, de manera que la corrección y realineación en ese plano se ha transformado en un objetivo primario en el tratamiento quirúrgico de dichas afecciones. Las osteotomías dorsolumbares permiten liberar el raquis para realizar dicha realineación sin el uso de fuerza indebida. Sin embargo, son técnicas complejas y con alta tasa de complicaciones intra y post operatorias. Teniendo en cuenta que el conocimiento anatómico de dichos procedimientos es clave, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en realizar una descripción de las osteotomías dorsolumbares mediante el uso de fotografías en 3D de un preparado cadavérico de raquis lumbar. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un preparado cadavérico formolizado de raquis lumbar. Se realizaron las osteotomías espinales lumbares según la clasificación de Schwab et al., en los segmentos L3 y L4. Se tomaron imágenes fotográficas en 3 dimensiones utilizando equipo Nikon D90, con lente 50 mm Af 1.8G, flash Nikon SB700, y una barra regulable para fotografía 3D. Las imágenes fotográficas obtenidas fueron procesadas con los siguientes softwares con técnica anaglífica: Anaglyph Maker versión 1.08 y StereoPhoto Maker versión 4.54. Resultados: Se realiza una descripción de las osteotomías según la clasificación en 6 grados anatómicos de Schwab y colaboradores. Conclusión: La utilización de la técnica fotográfica 3D permitió demostrar el tipo y magnitud de resección ósea necesaria en cada grado de osteotomía.

Introduction and objective: There is strong evidence that shows the relationship between the sagittal balance and the quality of life of adult patients with spinal deformity. According to that, the correction and realignment of the sagittal plane has become a primary objective in the surgical treatment of these conditions. The dorsolumbar osteotomies allow the spine to be released, in order to perform that realignment without the use of undue force. However, they are complex techniques, with a high rate of intra and post-operative complications. Taking into account that the anatomical knowledge of these procedures is fundamental, the objective of this review was to describe the dorsolumbar osteotomies using 3D photographs of a cadaveric preparation of the lumbar spine. Materials and methods: A cadaveric formolized lumbar spine preparation was used. Lumbar spinal osteotomies were performed according to the classification of Schwab et al. Three-dimensional photographic images were taken using Nikon D90 equipment, with a 50mm AF 1.8G lens, Nikon SB700 flash, and an adjustable bar for 3D photography. The photographic images obtained were processed with the following software with anaglyphic technique: Anaglyph Maker version 1.08 and StereoPhoto Maker version 4.54. Results: A description of the osteotomies was made, according to the 6 anatomic grades classification developed by Schwab et al. Conclusion: The use of the 3D photographic technique allowed to demonstrate the type and magnitude of bone resection needed in each degree of osteotomy.

Acetabular ventroversion using the sacroiliac wedge, with or without pelvic osteotomies in dogs: an ex vivo study / Ventroversão acetabular associada ou não a osteotomias pélvicas por meio da utilização de cunha sacroilíaca em cães: estudo ex-vivo

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common condition observed in the surgical clinics for small animals. Among the surgical techniques for management of CHD, triple pelvic osteotomy and sacroiliac wedge promote acetabular lateral axial rotation (ventroversion), increasing acetabular coverage and joint stability. The present study aimed to evaluate radiographically, by measuring the Norberg angle (NA) and the acetabular coverage percentage (ACP), the acetabular ventroversion induced by the sacroiliac wedge technique, with or without pelvic osteotomies; we also checked the feasibility of wedges made of polyamide with an angulation of 20° and 30°. The software used to measure NA and ACP was AutoCAD® 2009. Pelves from 10 canine corpses were evaluated radiographically at four time-points: M0 (Control Group), M1 (wedges of 20° and 30°), M2 and M3 (wedges associated with bilateral pubis and ischium osteotomies, respectively). There was no significant increase in the acetabular ventroversion at M1, M2, and M3. The polyamide sacroiliac wedge technique proved to be feasible, stable, and easy to apply. Further, the software proved to be efficient and easy to use for NA and ACP measurements. In the present study, even in the cases of non-dysplasic adult canine corpses, it was concluded that the sacroiliac wedge technique does not require to be accompanied by pubis and ischial osteotomies because they did not significantly increase the NA and ACP.(AU)

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é afecção comum na clínica cirúrgica de pequenos animais. Entre as técnicas cirúrgicas para controle da DCF, a osteotomia pélvica tripla (OPT) e a cunha sacroilíaca (CSI), promovem rotação lateral acetabular no eixo axial (ventroversão), aumentando a cobertura acetabular e a estabilidade da articulação. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar radiograficamente, por meio da aferição do ângulo de Norberg (NA) e da porcentagem de cobertura acetabular (PCA), a ventroversão acetabular induzida pela técnica da cunha sacroilíaca, associada ou não às osteotomias pélvicas, além de verificar a exequibilidade das cunhas confeccionadas de poliamida com angulação de 20ο e 30ο. O software utilizado para aferir o AN e o PCA foi o AutoCAD® 2009. Dez pelves de cadáveres caninos foram avaliadas radiograficamente em quatro momentos: MO (Grupo Controle), M1 (cunhas de 20ο e 30ο), M2 e M3 (cunhas associadas à osteotomia bilateral do púbis e ísquio, respectivamente). Não houve aumento significativo da ventroversão em M1, M2 e M3. A técnica de cunha sacroilíaca de poliamida mostrou-se exequível, estável e de fácil aplicação. Não obstante, o software utilizado mostrou-se eficiente e de fácil utilização nas aferições do AN e PCA. Neste estudo, mesmo tratando-se de cadáveres de cães adultos e de maioria não displásicos, concluiu-se que a utilização da técnica de cunha sacroilíaca não necessita de associação à ostectomia púbica e a osteotomia do ísquio por não promoverem aumento significativo do AN e da PCA.(AU)

A Study Of Femoral Neck Anteversion In South Indian Population And Its Clinical Significance

Background: The femoral neck anteversion (FNA) also known as femoral torsion can be defined as the angleformed by the femoral condylar plane and a plane passing through the centre of the femoral neck and head. Thechange in the angle of femoral anteversion is associated with various clinical conditions. The data establishedin this study will be useful for various orthopedic procedures like arthroplasties, evaluation of pathologicconditions of the hip.Aim: To measure the angle of anteversion of femoral neck and determine the variation of this angle on both thesides.Materials and Methods: 90 dry femora 45 right and 45 left devoid of any gross pathology were obtained from thedepartment of anatomy, M S Ramaiah Medical College. The angle of femoral neck torsion was measured usinggoniometer in 90 dry bones were measured by Kingsley Olmsted method. The results obtained were tabulatedand statistically analyzed.Results: The mean femoral neck anteversion angle for right femur was 12.09° ± 4.56°, and for left femur it was12.53° ± 3.28°. Statistical analysis revealed the difference of means of FNA angle between the right and leftfemora was statistically non significant (p=0.65). Femoral anterversion was observed in 72.22% of bones while27.77% bones showed retroversion.Conclusion: The morphology of proximal end of femur is of special interest because of susceptibility of this areato numerous disorders in adults and in paediatric age group and the treatment needs a detailed anatomicalknowledge of angle of femoral neck torsion.

Anatomía quirúrgica en 3D de las osteotomías vertebrales cervicales / 3D surgical anatomy of cervical vertebral osteotomies

Objetivo: realizar osteotomías cervicales en preparados cadavéricos, siguiendo la clasificación moderna de 7 grados según Ames y colaboradores, tomando fotos 3D para poner en evidencia la magnitud de resección ósea de cada uno de los subtipos. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron dos preparados cadavéricos formolizados con inyección vascular, realizándose imágenes fotográficas en 3 dimensiones de los mismos. Las fotografías fueron tomadas con una camara Nikon D90, con lente 50 mm Af 1.8G, flash Nikon SB700, y una barra regulable para fotografía. Se realizó sobre las preparaciones cadavéricas la disección cervical con incisión en línea media posterior y abordaje por vía anterior segun Smith y Robinson. Se efectuó la exposición muscular y esquelitización ósea con exposición de láminas, apófisis espinosas, facetas articulares, ligamentos, discos, apófisis unciformes y cuerpos vertebrales. Mediante la utilización de un drill neumático de alta velocidad se realizaron 8 osteotomías, 4 por vía posterior y 4 por vía anterior. Resultados: Las osteotomías realizadas por vía anterior fueron la discectomía anterior completa (denominada osteotomía grado I anterior), la corpectomía parcial o total incluyendo discectomía superior e inferior (denominada osteotomía grado III), la resección completa de la unión uncovertebral o articulación de Luschka (denominada osteotomía grado IV) y la resección vertebral completa o espondilectomía (denominada osteotomía grado VII). Por vía posterior, se realizaron la facetectomía parcial (denominada osteotomía grado I posterior), la facetectomía total u osteotomía de Ponte (denominada osteotomía grado II), la osteotomía de apertura angular (denominada osteotomía grado V) y la osteotomía de cierre angular o de sustracción pedicular (denominada osteotomía grado VI). Las imágenes fotográficas obtenidas fueron procesadas con los siguientes softwares con técnica anaglífica: Anaglyph Maker versión 1.08 y StereoPhoto Maker versión 4.54...

Objective: to perform cervical osteotomies in cadaveric specimens, following the new classification of Ames et al. 3D pictures were taken to show the amount of bone resection on each subtype. Material & methods: Using two formolized cadaveric specimens with vascular injection, we took 3D pictures of osteotomies following the Ames et al classification of cervical osteotomies. The pictures were taken with a Nikon D90 camera, with a 50 mm lens Af 1.8G, Nikon SB700 flash, and an adjustable titanium frame designed to take 3D pictures. Anterior cadaveric dissections were made based on the Smith & Robinson technique. We also performed a posterior approach to expose laminar surfaces, spinous processes, facets complexes, ligaments, discs, uncovertebral joints and vertebral bodies. With the aid of a pneumatic drill, 8 osteotomies (4 anterior and 4 posterior) were progressively made and pictured. Results: The anterior osteotomies were: discectomy, corpectomy, discectomy with uncovertebral resection and spondilectomy. Posterior osteotomies were: partial facetectomy, complete facetectomy (Ponte), open wedge osteotomy and closing wedge osteotomy (pedicle substraction). Pictures were processed and fused with Anaglyph Maker 1.08 and StereoPhoto Maker 4.54...

Finite Element Analysis for Comparison of Spinous Process Osteotomies Technique with Conventional Laminectomy as Lumbar Decompression Procedure

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of the lumbar spine after posterior decompression with the spinous process osteotomy (SPiO) technique or the conventional laminectomy (CL) technique using a finite element (FE) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three validated lumbar FE models (L2-5) which represented intact spine and two decompression models using SPiO and CL techniques at the L3-4 segment were developed. In each model, the ranges of motion, the maximal von Mises stress of the annulus fibrosus, and the intradiscal pressures at the index segment (L3-4) and adjacent segments (L2-3 and L4-5) under 7.5 Nm moments were analyzed. Facet contact forces were also compared among three models under the extension and torsion moments. RESULTS: Compared to the intact model, the CL and SPiO models had increased range of motion and annulus stress at both the index segment (L3-4) and the adjacent segments under flexion and torsion. However, the SPiO model demonstrated a reduced range of motion and annulus stress than the CL model. Both CL and SPiO models had an increase of facet contact force at the L3-4 segment under the torsion moment compared to that of the intact model. Under the extension moment, however, three models demonstrated a similar facet contact force even at the L3-4 model. CONCLUSION: Both decompression methods lead to postoperative segmental instability compared to the intact model. However, SPiO technique leads to better segmental stability compared to the CL technique.

Evaluation of Test of Stability as an Aid for Osteotomy in Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of Hip.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) represents a spectrum of anatomic abnormalities that can result in permanent disability. The goals of treatment are to create normal anatomy of the proximal femur and acetabulum and then to maintain that anatomy to allow normal development of hip. Our aim was to identify significance of the test of stability in planning of appropriate osteotomy during open reduction in order to achieve stable concentric reduction in DDH in terms of Severin’s clinical and radiological outcome. Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 children with DDH, which required open reduction and osteotomy for stable concentric reduction, were admitted in Orthopaedic department of SIMS/Services Hospital from Mar 2004 - May 2008. Clinical assessment and radiograph of pelvis with both hips in anteroposterior view was done for all the patients to confirm the diagnosis. After the confirmation of diagnosis surgery was planned and during surgery test of stability applied. Test of stability are the maneuvers which included flexion, internal rotation and abduction performed by the operating surgeon to assess the need for a concomitant osteotomy. If hip found stable in internal rotation and abduction, varus derotational femoral ostetomy was done and fixed with 1/3rd tubular plate. If hip required flexion it was treated with innominate osteotomy and fixed with K-wires. Those hips which required flexion, abduction and internal rotation for concentric reduction were treated with both ostetomies and fixed with K-wire & plate. Postoperatively all the patients were applied hip spica. A descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was performed on SPSS, version 13. Results: The mean age of patients was 4 years (Mean ± SD: 4 ± 1.31), youngest patient being 3 years of age and oldest 7 years. Sex distribution with female to male ratio was 1.8:1. On an average follow up of 3.2 years Severin’s clinical outcome for 42 (84%) patients was excellent, 7 (14%) was good and 1 (2%) was poor. P-value was 0.001. Severin’s radiological outcome for 40 (80%) patients was excellent and for 10 (20%) patients was good. P value was 0.112. Conclusion: The test of stability is simple and effective aid for osteotomy in open reduction for developmental dysplasia of hip with excellent clinical and radiological results measured according to severin’s classification.

Osteotomía valguizante de tibia en el tratamiento de la gonartrosis / Valgus osteotomy of the tibia applied in gonartritis treatment / Ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation pour le traitement de la gonarthrose

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en el Servicio de Miembros Inferiores y Artroscopía del Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional “Frank País” de 119 pacientes operados por genus varum secundario a gonartrosis, durante el período de 1ro de enero de 2003 al 31 de diciembre de 2007, a los que se les realizó osteotomía valguizante e inmovilización con yeso. Se propuso evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la gonartrosis mediante osteotomía valguizante de tibia. Se seleccionó una muestra de 96 pacientes (108 rodillas) que cumplían los criterios de inclusión en el estudio. El grupo de edades con mayor frecuencia fue el de 56 a 70 años (59,22 por ciento). El sexo femenino fue el más afectado (66,24 por ciento). La rodilla más frecuentementre afectada fue la derecha (61,56 por ciento) y predominó el grado I de afección según la clasificación de Ahlback (73,44 por ciento). La complicación más frecuente fue la recidiva de la deformidad (6,48 por ciento).

We made a descriptive and retrospective study in Lower Limbs and Arthroscopy Service of "Frank País" International Orthopaedic Scientific Center in 119 patients operated on from a genus varum secondary to gonarthritis from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007. In all them we performed a valgus osteotomy and immobilization with yeast. We propose to assess the results of surgical treatment of gonarthritis by means of tibial valgus osteotomy. We choice a sample of 96 patients (108 knees) fulfilling the inclusion criteria of study. The more frequent age group was those aged from 56 to 70 (59,22 percent). The more involved was the female sex (66,24 percent). More affected knee was the right one (61,56 percent) and there was a predominance of grade I affection according Ahlbac classification (73,44 percent). The more frequent complication was the deformity relapse (6,48 percent).

Cette étude a pour but d'évaluer les résultats du traitement chirurgical de la gonarthrose par ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation. Une étude rétrospective descriptive de 119 patients traités chirurgicalement pour genu varum secondaire a été réalisée au Service d'orthopédie pour des lésions des membres inférieurs et d'arthroscopie du Centre scientifique orthopédique international “Frank País” entre le 1er janvier 2003 et le 31 décembre 2007. Tous ces patients ont été traités par ostéotomie de valgisation et immobilisation avec plâtre. Un échantillon de 96 patients répondant aux critères d'inclusion adoptés a été sélectionné. La tranche d'âge la plus souvent touchée a été de 56 à 70 ans (59,22 percent), tandis que le sexe féminin a été le plus affecté (66,24 percent). On a pu constater également que la plupart des lésions dans ce groupe se sont présentées au niveau du genou droit (61,56 percent), étant les lésions de grade I (selon la classification d'Ahlback) (73,44 percent) et les récidives (6,48 percent) les plus fréquemment trouvées.

Osteotomia valgizante para pseudartrose do colo do fêmur: relato de 32 casos / Valgusing intertrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of femoral neck non-unions: report of 32 cases

Objetivo: Avaliar a consolidação pós-osteotomia osteotomia valgizante do fêmur no tratamento do pseudartrose do colo femoral. Método: Durante 15 anos (1988-2003), 32 casos de pseudartrosedo colo do fêmur foram tratados com osteotomia valgizante e fixação. O seguimento médio dos casos foi de 9,8 anos e a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 41,7 anos. Resultados: Dos 32casos quatro evoluíram para prótese total do quadril e 28 evoluíram para consolidação (87,4%). Oito casos evoluíram necrose parcial. Conclusão: A osteotomia valgizante é altamente eficazpara obtenção da consolidação na pseudartrose do colo do fêmur 87,4% (28/32) A recuperação integral da função do quadril só foi obtida em 56,2% (18/32).

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to review the results of femoral neck non-unions treatment with valgusing intertrochanteric osteotomy. Methods: Between 1988 and 2003 we treaded thirty two femoral neck non-unions with valgusing osteotomy and fixation. The mean follow-up time was 9.8 years and the mean age was 41.7 years. Results: Twenty eight (87.4%)of the thirty two valgusing osteotomies evolved to femoral neck union, while four cases (12.6%) evolved to total hip arthroplasty. Eight cases evolved to partial osteonecrosis. Conclusions: Thevalgusing intertrochanteric osteotomy for treating femoral neck non-unions achieved consolidation in 87.4% (28/32). However, only 56.2% (18/32) achieved full recovery of hip function.

Trigeminovagal Reflex Caused by Stimulation of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve under General Anesthesia / Oral Science International

We report a rare case of trigeminovagal reflex (TVR) resulting from stimulation of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve under general anesthesia. Although general anesthesia reportedly prevents TVR, it should be part of the differential diagnosis in all cases of unexplained sinus arrest during oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Reduction Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty is a complex operation that requires precise preoperative diagnosis to select the appropriate surgical technique. In reduction rhinoplasty, I generally use the external rhinoplasty approach. Most dorsal humps are comprised primarily of cartilage, and overreduction of the bony dorsum must be avoided. The decision concerning the extent of hump removal should be determined preoperatively. Following hump removal and to close the open roof, osteotomies are considered for repositioning and reshaping the nose. A medial osteotomy is defined as the separation of the nasal bones and the bony septum. This can be further subclassified as medial oblique and paramedian osteotomies. I prefer to use a fading medial osteotomy(medial oblique). The fading medial osteotomy avoids those deformities created by extending osteotomies into the thick frontal bone. A lateral osteotomy may be used to narrow a wide nasal base, or to close open roof deformity. "Low-high", "low-low" and double osteotomies have been described. After dorsal hump removal and osteotomies, I frequently use spreader grafts to reconstruct middle nasal vault.

Intraoral approach for reduction malarplasty: A case report

Comparison of different osteotomies in the operation for temporomandibular joint ankylosis treatment / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05).Conclusion:Modified osteotomy can not improve operative effect.

Le Fort I Osteotomy and Posterior Maxillary Segmental Osteotomy for Correction of Malunioned Maxilla / 영남의대학술지

This is a case report of correction of malunioned maxilla after traffic accident by Le Fort I osteotomy and posterior segmental osteotomy. By this procedure, authors obtained the following results. 1. The malunioned maxilla after traffic accident which had anterior crossbite, posterior open bite and scissor's bite were corrected by Le Fort 1 osteotomy and posterior segmental osteotomy. 2. No postoperative infection and specific complication were seen in this case. 3. Postoperative intermaxillary fixation was maintained for 8 weeks. And then, the patient could open his mouth in normal range after a week of intermaxillary fixation removal. 4. For rigid fixation and reducing relapse, the osteotomized maxilla was fixed with miniplates.

Morquio's Syndrome: A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Morquio's syndrome is a very rare disease, which is characterized by dwarfism, flattening of the vertebral body, marked spinal kyphosis, widespread affection of the epiphyses and normal intelligence. The authors experienced a case of Morquio's syndrome with typical clinical and radiological findings. The patient underwent bilateral supracondylar varus osteotomies for severe genu valgum deformities.