Tamizaje auditivo neonatal en pacientes de alto riesgo con otoemisiones acústicas evaluación de resultados / Neonatal hearing screening in high risk patients with otoacoustic emissions: evaluation of results

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa de tamizaje auditivo del Hospital Militar Central en pacientes de alto riesgo de hipoacusia neurosensorial, el cual está basado en la realización de otoemisiones acústicas. Diseño: Estudio de Cohorte Histórica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 12 meses de edad nacidos en el Hospital Militar central entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2012; a quienes por condiciones de alto riesgo de hipoacusia neurosensorial se les realizó antes de los 6 meses de edad otoemisiones acústicas como prueba de tamizaje auditivo. Se analizaron 125 pacientes evaluando cada oído por separado para un total de 250 mediciones, a esta población, se le realizó diagnóstico auditivo con el "Gold standard" cross-check. Resultados: Se estudiaron los factores de riesgo para hipoacusia neurosensorial encontrando que el peso al nacer ≤1500 gr se relacionó con hipoacusia en un 16%. El 5.6% tiene antecedente familiar de hipoacusia neurosensorial en primer y segundo grado de consanguinidad. La infección congénita (STORCH: sífilis, toxoplasmosis, rubéola, citomegalovirus, herpes); como factor de riesgo se presentó en el 2.4% únicamente con la presencia de Toxoplasmosis, de los cuales 2 oídos presentaron cofosis. Conclusiones: Las otoemisiones acústicas son efectivas como prueba de tamizaje auditivo en el HOMIC en pacientes de alto riesgo de hipoacusia Neurosensorial. La sensibilidad de las Otoemisiones acusticas para sospechar hipoacusia neurosensorial de moderada a profunda fue del 93.7 % La especificidad estimada en nuestro estudio fue de 90.9%

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the auditory screening program at the "Hospital Militar Central" in patients who were at high risk of sensorineural hearing loss, which is based on the realization of otoacoustic emissions. Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: We included patients older than 12 months of age who were at "Hospital Militar Central" (HOMIC) between January 2009 and December; who ought to their high risk conditions of sensorineural hearing loss were underwent otoacoustic emissions and hearing screening test before 6 months of age. Total population was 125 patients. We evaluated each ear separately for a total of 250 measurements, an auditory diagnosis was performed through crosscheck method. Results: Risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss were studied. We found that birth weight ≤1500gr was associated with hearing loss by 16%. 5.6% have a family history of sensorineural hearing loss in first and second degree of consanguinity. Congenital infection (TORCHS: toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes) as a risk factor occurred in 2.4% only in the presence of Toxoplasmosis, of which 2 ears presented deafness. Conclusions: The otoacoustic emissions are effective as a hearing screening test in the "Hospital Militar Central" in patients at high risk of Sensorineural hearing loss. The sensitivity of otoacoustic emissions to suspect sensorineural hearing loss was 93.7%. The estimated specificity in our study was 90.9%

Universal newborn hearing screening: knowledge of pediatricians and neonatologists in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil / Triagem auditiva neonatal universal: conhecimento dos pediatras e neonatologistas em Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Hearing loss has severe emotional, psychological, and social consequences. The early identification of hearing impairment is crucial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and quantify the knowledge of neonatologists, pediatricians, and residents in pediatrics regarding detection, risk factors, early diagnosis, and referral for rehabilitation of patients with neonatal hearing loss in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional contemporary cohort study including 47 physicians from three hospitals, including a questionnaire with 15 items. RESULTS: Most respondents (83%) had received information about hearing loss in their medical courses, but most had no knowledge of techniques for hearing evaluation, and degrees and types of loss. All physicians agreed that in the first six months of life, it is possible to evaluate hearing function and that it is the physician's responsibility to assess the newborn. Regarding the age that the child can receive auditory rehabilitation, the end of the first year and the second year of life predominate. CONCLUSION: Most respondents know the risk factors for the detection of neonatal hearing impairment, know how to perform procedures, and recognize the importance of diagnosis of hearing loss and the need to refer suspected cases, but most do not know the techniques used to assess hearing in newborns. .

INTRODUÇÃO: A deficiência auditiva acarreta graves consequências emocionais, psicológicas e sociais, sendo imprescindível a identificação precoce de alterações auditivas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e quantificar o conhecimento de médicos neonatologistas, pediatras e residentes em Pediatria, sobre detecção, fatores de risco, diagnóstico precoce e encaminhamento para reabilitação dos pacientes acometidos por deficiência auditiva neonatal no município de Jundiaí, SP. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte contemporânea com corte transversal, incluindo 47 médicos de três instituições hospitalares, com aplicação de um questionário de 15 perguntas. RESULTADOS: Grande parte dos entrevistados (83%) teve informações sobre deficiência auditiva em seus cursos médicos, em sua maioria desconheciam técnicas de avaliação auditiva na infância, graus e tipos de perda. Todos relataram que nos primeiros seis meses de vida já é possível avaliar a audição, sendo dever do médico se preocupar com sua comunicação. Com relação à idade em que a criança pode receber a reabilitação auditiva, predominaram o final do primeiro e o segundo ano de vida. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos entrevistados conhece os fatores de risco para a detecção neonatal da deficiência auditiva, realiza procedimentos, reconhece a importância do diagnóstico da deficiência auditiva e a necessidade de efetuar encaminhamento dos casos suspeitos, porém desconhece técnicas de avaliação da audição em neonatos. .

Efectos de la variación de la intensidad de los tonos primarios sobre las amplitudes de Emisiones Otoacústicas Producto de Distorsión (EOApd) en sujetos con audición dentro de rangos de normalidad / Effects of varying the intensity of the primary tones on the amplitudes of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEdp) in patients with normal hearing

Introducción: Las emisiones otoacústicas (EOA) son sonidos generados por las células ciliadas externas (CCE). Se ha visto que la generación y registro de las EOA evocadas depende de factores técnicos de evaluación como el nivel de intensidad de los tonos primarios, relación frecuencial entre los tonos, etc. Objetivos: Estudiar el efecto de la variación de la intensidad de los tonos primarios en la amplitud de la respuesta de las EOA producto de distorsión (pd) en individuos con audición normal. Material y método: Se evaluaron 35 individuos a los cuales se les midieron EOApd utilizando diferentes intensidades de tonos primarios: Intensidad baja (I1=50dBSPL e I2=50dBSPL), intensidad media (I1=55dBSPL e I2=65dBSPL) e intensidad alta (I1=70dBSPL e I2=70dBSPL). Resultados: Se observó que para tonos primarios a bajas intensidades (I1=50dBSPL e I2=50dBSPL) existe una disminución tanto en amplitud y presencia de las EOApd, mientras que para tonos primarios a intensidades mayores (I1=55dBSPL e I2=65dBSPL - I1=70dBSPL e I2=70dBSPL) se evidenció un aumento en amplitud y presencia de EOApd en los sujetos estudiados. Conclusión: Se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la amplitud de las EOApd al variar la intensidad de los tonos primarios. Por lo cual se puede establecer que las intensidades medias-altas son las más adecuadas para la evaluación de EOApd en sujetos con audición normal.

Introduction: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are sounds produced by outer hair cells. The generation and recording of evoked OAE depends on technical factors such as level of intensity of primary tones, frequency relationship between the tones, etc. Aim: To study the effect of varying the intensity of primary tones in the amplitude of the response of Distortion Product OAE (DP) in individuals with normal hearing. Material and method: 35 individuals were measured using different intensities OAEdp primary tones: Low Intensity (I1= I2 =50dBSPL 50dBSPL e), Medium Intensity (11= I2 =65dBSPL 55dBSPL e) and High Intensity (I1 =70dBSPL and I2 =70dBSPL). Results: Using Low primary tones (I1 =I2 =50dBSPL 50dBSPL) there is a decrease in amplitude and presence of DPOAE, while for primary tones at higher intensities (I1 and I2 = = 55dBSPL 65dBSPL -11 =70dBSPL and I2 =70dBSPL) an increase in amplitude and presence of OAEdp in subjects with normal hearing was observed . Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences in OAEdp amplitude by varying the intensity of the primary tones. Therefore medium-high intensities are best suited for the evaluation of OAEdp in subjects with normal hearing.

Emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes e por produto de distorção em escolares / Transient evoked otoacustic emissions and distortion product in school children

Após os cinco anos de idade, a principal queixa em crianças que não ouvem normalmente é a dificuldade de aprendizagem. OBJETIVOS: Comparar os resultados suspeitos de perda auditiva pela triagem com os exames de emissões otoacústicas evocadas (EOAE) transientes (EOAT) e por produto de distorção (EOAPD), com dados dos exames audiométricos; observar qual dos dois procedimentos de EOAE responde melhor para triagem em escolares. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Avaliar 451 escolares da 1ª série do ensino fundamental, em escolas públicas de São Luís. Foram feitos, na própria escola, os exames otoscópicos com remoção de cerume quando necessário e os exames de EOAT e EOAPD em todos os escolares. Nas crianças que apresentaram alteração em algum dos exames de EOAT e/ou EOAPD foram realizadas a audiometria e imitanciometria. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Prospectivo Transversal. RESULTADOS: Freqüência de 18,6 por cento de rolhas de cerume. Após triagem com EOAT e EOAPD não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparamos os resultados dos exames que falharam somente nas EOAT e EOAPD com dados dos exames audiométricos, no entanto quando comparado esses dados com falha nos dois exames houve diferença significante (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os dois procedimentos de EOAE respondem bem á triagem auditiva em escolares.

Past five years of age, the main complaint of children who are hard of hearing is that they have difficulty in learning. AIM: Compare these results to suspected hearing loss, through triage with the exams of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) transients (TEOAE) and by distortion product (DPEOAE), using data from audiometric exams; observe which of the procedures of EOAE better respond to school children triage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate 451 school children, grade one students, from the public schools in São Luís. At school, otoscopic exams with the removal of wax and the TEOAE and DPEOAE exams were also carried on all school children. Audiometry and acoustic impedance were performed on the children who presented alterations at any point during the TEOAE and/or DPEOAE exams. STUDY DESIGN: Transversal- Prospective. RESULTS: 18.6 percent had ear wax. As for the TEOAE and DPEOAE triage, no significant statistic difference was found when comparing the results of the exams which failed only in the TEOAE and DOEOAE with audiometric exam data, nonetheless, when comparing this failure data to both of these exams there was a significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both EOAE procedures responded well to the hearing triage in school children.