ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a Cryptococcus neoformans murine pneumonia combined with meningitis model by otoscope guiding intubation method.@*Methods@#Twenty male C57BL/C mice were randomized into two groups, including control group and infection group, with 10 mice in each group. On the experiment day, the mice were intubated by otoscope guiding. The mice in infection group were inoculated with 10 μL of fresh Cryptococcus neoformans suspension through endotracheal tube, while the mice in control group were inoculated with 10 μL of sterile saline. The general conditions were observed and the body masses were measured at 0 h, day 3, day 5, day 7 and day 10 after inoculation in each group. Three mice in each group were sacrificed at 0 h and the rest were sacrificed at day 10. The lungs, livers, spleen and brains from each mouse were aseptically collected for quantitative culture and histopathology to confirm the successful establishment of mouse model.@*Results@#Ten mice were all successfully intubated by otoscope guiding and none of the mice was dead. The concentration of inoculated bacterial solution was 2.0×109 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The mice were sacrificed at 0h after incubation and the lungs were collected. The pulmonary bacterial culture at baseline (0 h) was (7.84±0.13) lg CFU/g lung. No mice was dead in two groups from 0 h to day 10. The average pulmonary bacterial load in lung was (8.11±0.81) lg CFU/g at day 10, which increased 16 times comparing with baseline. The average cerebral bacterial load in brain was (4.84±0.21) lg CFU/g at day 10. The histopathologic changes in lung showed lots of Cryptococcus neoformans which invaded in the bronchi, alveoli and alveolar space. The pathology in brain showed focal Cryptococcus neoformans invasion.@*Conclusions@#Establishment of Cryptococcus neoformans murine pneumonia and meningitis model using otoscope guiding intubation method is successful. This method has the advantages of easy operation and high successful rate.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: To attain an accurate otoscopic diagnosis, a functioning device with adequate capacity must be used. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the light intensity of otoscopes, comparing it utilizing the batteries present at the moment of calibration and after new batteries were supplied. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a historical cohort, which assessed 38 otoscopes, measuring the light intensity with the batteries present at the moment of assessment compared to the intensity with new batteries, as well as charge of the test batteries and the new batteries. RESULTS: The mean of the sum of new batteries' charge was 3.19 V, and of the test batteries was 2.70 V, representing a decrease of 18.02% in charge. The mean luminosity with the new batteries was 366.89 lumens, whereas in the test batteries it was 188.32 lumens, representing a decrease of 83.75% in the light intensity. Student's t-test was applied for data comparison, showing a statistical difference between the light intensity with the original batteries and the new batteries (p = 0.0001; CI = 0.95). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference between the proportions of light intensity in the otoscopes. A small variation in battery charge results in a great variation in light.
RESUMO Introdução: Para a realização de um diagnóstico otoscópico preciso deve-se utilizar um aparelho funcionando com uma capacidade adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar a intensidade luminosa dos otoscópios comparando a intensidade da luz comas pilhas encontradas no momento da aferição e com pilhas novas. Método: Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal, onde foram analisados 38 otoscópios, sendo realizada a aferição da qualidade luminosa com a pilha utilizada e comparado com uma pilha nova, e a aferição da carga das pilhas novas e em utilização no momento do exame. Resultados: A média da soma das cargas das pilhas novas foi de 3,19 V, e a das pilhas testes foi de 2,70 V, representando decréscimo de 18,02% na carga das pilhas. A média da luminosidade comas pilhas novas foi de 366.89 lúmens, e com a pilha teste foi de 188.32 lúmens, representando decréscimo de 83,75% na intensidade luminosa. Foi aplicado o teste T para comparação entre os dados, onde percebe-se diferença estatística entre a intensidade luminosa com pilhas testes e novas (p = 0,0000; IC = 0,95). Conclusão: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a proporção de intensidade da luz dos otoscópios. Uma pequena variação da pilha proporciona uma grande variação na luz.