Estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de Foz do Iguaçu, Pr / Nutritional status of children and adolescents in Foz do Iguaçu, Pr / Estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes en Foz do Iguaçu, Pr

Conhecer e avaliar o estado de nutricional é de extrema relevância para a implantação de políticas públicas e desenvolvimento de intervenções de saúde. Estudo com objetivo de descrever o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de Foz do Iguaçu (PR). Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e transversal com crianças e adolescentes cadastrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) em 2021. Para as crianças foram analisados indicadores de peso por idade, peso por altura e altura por idade; para os adolescentes, o Índice de Massa Corporal. A análise de dados foi feita mediante estatística descritiva e bivariada com qui-quadrado. Entre as crianças pesquisadas em todas as faixas etárias houve maior prevalência de crianças eutróficas com peso adequado para a idade. A faixa etária de <2 anos teve destaque nos indicadores de peso adequado para a idade e peso por altura em relação à eutrofia (p<0,001). Na faixa etária de 2 a 5 anos, 56,7% eram eutróficas, contudo houve maior frequência de risco de sobrepeso (19,3%), sobrepeso (9,9%) e obesidade (11,3%). As crianças de 5 a 10 anos, em sua maioria, eram eutróficas (76,6%), porém 20,5% apresentaram peso elevado para a idade. Na avaliação do estado nutricional dos adolescentes constatou-se maior prevalência de sobrepeso (22,9%) e obesidade (16,7%). O estado nutricional dos adolescentes esteve associado ao sexo (p<0,001), sendo que no público feminino destacou-se estado eutrófico e no masculino, sobrepeso e obesidade. Os dados apontam para a situação preocupante quanto ao sobrepeso e obesidade, o que sugere intervenções nesse público acerca dos hábitos alimentares.

Knowing and evaluating the nutritional status is extremly relevant for the development of public health policies and implementation of health interventions. Study aimed at describing the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Foz do Iguaçu (PR). This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with children and adolescents regis- tered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) in 2021. For children, indicators of weight for age, weight for height and height for age were analyzed; for teen- agers, the Body Mass Index. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and bivariate statistics with chi-squared. Among the children surveyed in all age groups, there were more eutrophic children with adequate weight for their age. The age group of <2 years was highlighted in the indicators of adequate weight for age and weight for height in relation to normal weight (p<0.001). In the age group from 2 to 5 years, 56.7% were eutrophic, however there was a higher frequency of risk of overweight (19.3%), over- weight (9.9%) and obesity (11.3%). Most children aged 5 to 10 years were eutrophic (76.6%), but 20.5% were overweight for their age. Nutritional status of adolescents showed a higher prevalence of overweight (22.9%) and obesity (16.7%). The nutritional status of adolescents was associated with sex (p<0.001), with the female public being eutrophic and the male public being overweight and obese. Data appointed to a worrying public situation regarding overweight and obesity, which suggests interventions in this respect of eating habits.

Conocer y evaluar el estado nutricional es de extrema relevancia para el desarrollo de políticas públicas de salud y la implementación de intervenciones sanitarias. El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes en Foz do Iguaçu (PR). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal con niños y adolescentes registrados en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) en 2021. Para los niños fueron analizados los indicadores de peso para la edad, peso para la estatura y estatura para la edad; para los adolescentes, el Índice de Masa Corporal. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y bivariante con chi- cuadrado. Entre los niños encuestados de todos los grupos de edad, había más niños eutróficos con un peso adecuado para su edad. El grupo de edad de <2 años se destacó en los indicadores de peso adecuado para la edad y peso para la talla en relación al peso normal (p<0,001). En el grupo de edad de 2 a 5 años, el 56,7% eran eutróficos, sin embargo había una mayor frecuencia de riesgo de sobrepeso (19,3%), sobrepeso (9,9%) y obesidad (11,3%). La mayoría de los niños de 5 a 10 años eran eutróficos (76,6%), pero el 20,5% tenían sobrepeso para su edad. El estado nutricional de los adolescentes mostró una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso (22,9%) y obesidad (16,7%). El estado nutricional de los adolescentes se asoció al sexo (p<0,001), siendo el público femenino eutrófico y el masculino con sobrepeso y obesidad. Los datos apuntan a una situación pública preocupante en relación al sobrepeso y la obesidad, lo que sugiere intervenciones en este aspecto de los hábitos alimentarios.

Overweight/obesity in college students: a systematic review / Excesso de peso/obesidade em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática / Sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática

This article aims to characterize the prevalence and the factors associated with overweight/obesity in college students, through a systematic review. For doing so, the PRISMA protocol has been utilized. Articles about overweight/obesity were selected in college students on the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science and Scopus, it was considered the publication period from 2014 to 2019. We found 4,740 articles and 28 met the eligibility criteria. The overweight/obesity prevalence in college students varied from 9.5% to 47.0%. The Odds Ratio was the most used association measure (comparison) in studies. As characteristics that favor overweight/obesity, inadequate diet, income, male gender, low level of physical activity and family history of overweight/obesity are mentioned. The factors associated with protection against overweight/obesity were a healthy diet, regular physical activity and screen time. Finally, this review showed that university students are prone to overweight/obesity, as they have behavioral factors related to inadequate diet, low level of physical activity, income, being male, and sociocultural and family aspects due to a history of overweight/obesity. In counterpart, this review argues that healthy diet and physical activity and reduced screen time represent a health maintenance factor against overweight/obesity.

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Para isso, foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA. Foram selecionados os artigos sobre sobrepeso/obesidade de universitários nas bases de dados da National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science e Scopus, considerou-se o período de publicação de 2014 a 2019. Dos 4.740 artigos encontrados, 28 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários variou de 9,5% a 47,0%. Dentre as medidas de associação (comparação), houve maior utilização do Odds Ratio. Como destaques os fatores associados com o sobrepeso/obesidade, cita-se a dieta inadequada, renda, sexo masculino, baixo nível de atividade física e o histórico familiar de sobrepeso/obesidade. Os fatores associados como proteção ao sobrepeso/obesidade foram a dieta saudável, prática regular de atividade física e o tempo de tela. Por fim, esta revisão mostrou que os universitários são propensos ao sobrepeso/obesidade, por apresentarem fatores comportamentais relacionados a dietas inadequadas, baixo nível de atividade física, renda, ser do sexo masculino e aspectos socioculturais e familiares em função de histórico de sobrepeso/obesidade. Em contrapartida, esta revisão sustenta que a dieta saudável e atividade física e a redução do tempo de tela representam um fator de manutenção da saúde contra o sobrepeso/obesidade.

Este artículo pretende caracterizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios, a través de una revisión sistemática. Para ello se ha utilizado el protocolo PRISMA. Se seleccionaron artículos sobre sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios en las bases de datos de la National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science y Scopus, se consideró el periodo de publicación de 2014 a 2019. Se encontraron 4.740 artículos y 28 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios varió del 9,5% al 47,0%. El Odds Ratio fue la medida de asociación (comparación) más utilizada en los estudios. Como características que favorecen el sobrepeso/obesidad se mencionan la dieta inadecuada, los ingresos, el sexo masculino, el bajo nivel de actividad física y los antecedentes familiares de sobrepeso/obesidad. Los factores asociados a la protección contra el sobrepeso/obesidad fueron la dieta saludable, la actividad física regular y el tiempo de pantalla. Por último, esta revisión mostró que los estudiantes universitarios son propensos al sobrepeso/obesidad, ya que tienen factores de comportamiento relacionados con la dieta inadecuada, el bajo nivel de actividad física, los ingresos, el hecho de ser varones y aspectos socioculturales y familiares debido a una historia de sobrepeso/obesidad. En contrapartida, esta revisión sostiene que la dieta y la actividad física saludables y la reducción del tiempo de pantalla representan un factor de mantenimiento de la salud contra el sobrepeso/obesidad.

Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and its associated factors among women from Northeast India

Objective: To assess prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and its risk factors among women from North-eastern States of India. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in two north-eastern States. Information was collected on household's socio-economic & demographic particulars. Height (cm), weight (kg), waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured on all the selected women. Association between overweight/obesity, hypertension with socio-demographic variables was tested using Chi-square and logistic regression was done. Total 1047 women were covered from both the states. Results: The prevalence of chronic energy deficiency was 19% & 10%, overweight/obesity (BMI_x0001_23) was 17.5% & 26% and hypertension was 15% & 17% (age adjusted 19.6% & 17%) respectively among women from Meghalaya & Nagaland. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was observed more among women from Nagaland (36.5%) as compared to Meghalaya (18.3%). Only 31% women were aware of hypertension and 6% had history of hypertension and 82% of them were on treatment. The prevalence of hypertension was observed high among 36e49 years and among overweight/obese women. On logistic regression, only age, BMI and use of additional salt was observed to be significantly associated with hypertension, while living in pucca house was associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was similar in both the states (15e17%) and prehypertension was high among women from Nagaland. This is warning sign for women in Nagaland. There is an urgent need to undertake more health & nutrition education sessions along with regular check-up for early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

Qualidade de vida da população com sobrepeso na Atenção Básica de Saúde / Quality of life of the overweight population in Primary Health Care / Calidad de Vida de la Población con Sobrepeso en la Atención Primaria de Salud

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) da população com sobrepeso referenciada ou assistida pela Atenção Básica de Saúde (ABS), evidenciando fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos associados aos aspectos da QV. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico de caráter epidemiológico, desenvolvido em 2017-2020, em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com 269 pessoas com sobrepeso e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) igual ou acima de 25 kg/m². Aplicaram-se instrumentos para avaliação da QV, contendo dados sociodemográficos, ansiedade, depressão, compulsão alimentar periódica e percepção da autoimagem. Utilizou-se análise univariada, regressão linear simples e múltipla com p<0,05. Resultados: Encontrou-se 74,3% (n=200) do sexo feminino, idade média de 39,43 ± 14,46 anos, 55% (n=149) obesidade moderada. 50% (n=134) apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade, 42,4% (n=114) sintomas depressivos, 20% (n=54) com compulsão alimentar e 32% (n=86) consideraram comprometimento negativo na sua autoimagem. 62,1% (n=167) apresentaram insuficiência na dimensão vitalidade. Quanto aos aspectos de correlação, IMC elevado, uso de medicação, aumento da idade, estado civil viúvo, presença de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, compulsão alimentar e ausência de atividade física apresentaram diminuição em dimensões da QV. Conclusão: O estudo apontou que, entre as oito dimensões analisadas, apenas a dimensão "vitalidade" apresentou dados significativamente baixos entre os participantes, sendo possível identificar variáveis sociodemográficas que se correlacionaram, tendendo a diminuir aspectos ou dimensões da qualidade de vida: obesidade grave, fazer uso de medicação, apresentar estado civil viúvo, não realizar atividades físicas regularmente, apresentar sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e compulsão alimentar periódica em nível grave.

Objective: To analyze the Quality of Life (QoL) of the overweight population referred to or assisted by Primary Health Care (PHC), evidencing clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with aspects of QoL. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study, carried out in 2017-2020, in a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 269 overweight people with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or above 25 kg/m². Instruments were applied to assess QoL, sociodemographic data, anxiety, depression, binge eating, and self-image perception. Simple and multiple linear regression were used. Results: 74.3% (n=200) were female, mean age of 39.43 ± 14.46 years, 55% (n=149) were moderately obese. 50% (n=134) had symptoms of anxiety, 42.4% (n=114) had depressive symptoms, 20% (n=54) had binge eating and 32% (n=86) considered their self-image to be negatively affected. 62.1% (n=167) showed insufficiency in the vitality dimension. As for the correlation aspects, high BMI, medication use, increasing age, widowed marital status, symptoms of anxiety, depression, binge eating, and lack of physical activity showed a decrease in QOL dimensions. Conclusion: The study showed that among the eight dimensions analyzed, only the "vitality" dimension presented significantly low data among the participants, making it possible to identify sociodemographic variables that were correlated, tending to decrease aspects or dimensions of quality of life: severe obesity, using of medication, being widowed, not performing physical activities regularly, presenting symptoms of anxiety, depression, and binge eating at a severe level.

Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida (CV) de la población con sobrepeso referenciada o asistida por la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), evidenciando factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados a los aspectos de la CV. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de carácter epidemiológico, desarrollado en 2017-2020, en un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil, con 269 personas consobrepeso e índice de masa corporal (IMC) igual o superior a 25kg/m². Fueron aplicados instrumentos para evaluación de la CV, conteniendo datos sociodemográficos, ansiedad, depresión, trastorno de hiperfagia compulsiva y percepción de autoimagen. Fue utilizado análisis univariado, regresión linear simple y múltiple con p<0,05. Resultados: Se encontró 74,3% (n=200) del sexo femenino, edad média de 39,43 ± 14,46 años, 55% (n=149) obesidad moderada. 50% (n=134) presentaron síntomas de ansiedad, 42,4% (n=114) síntomas depresivos, 20% (n=54) con trastorno de hiperfagia compulsiva e 32% (n=86) consideraron comprometimiento negativo en su autoimagen. 62,1% (n=167) presentaron insuficiencia en la dimensión vitalidad. Cuanto a los aspectos de correlación, IMC alto, uso de medicación, aumento de la edad, estado civil viudo, presencia de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, trastorno de hiperfagia compulsiva y ausencia de actividad física presentaron disminución en dimensiones de la CV. Conclusión: El estudio indicó que, entre las ocho dimensiones analizadas, solamente la dimensión "vitalidad" presentó datos significativamente bajos entre los participantes, posibilitando la identificación de variables sociodemográficas que se correlacionaron, tendiendo a disminuir aspectos o dimensiones de la calidad de vida: obesidad grave, uso de medicación, presentar estado civil viudo, no realizar actividades físicas regularmente, presentar síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y trastornode hiperfagia compulsiva en nivel grave.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of comprehensive health education and early interventions for overweight and obese students. @*Methods @#The basic information, physical examinations and blood lipid testing results were collected from the primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District from 2015 to 2019 through the nutrition and health monitoring project among students in Tongzhou District. The epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obese students with dyslipidemia were descriptively analyzed. @*Results @#Among the 1 483 primary and middle school students detected, the overall prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were 12.68% ( 188 students ), 20.43% ( 303 students ) and 20.57% ( 305 students ), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in overweight and obese students ( 24.44% ) than in students with normal weight ( 18.65%, P<0.05 ), and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in male overweight and obese students than in female overweight and obese students (29.00% vs. 18.92%, P<0.05), while higher prevalence of dyslipidemia was seen in middle school students than in primary school students ( 37.72% vs. 20.32%, P<0.05 ). In addition, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in students with daily exercise of less than a hour than in students with daily exercise of a hour or longer ( 27.88% vs. 18.44%, P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions @#The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District. Health educations should be reinforced to male, middle school students with daily exercise of less than a hour.

Factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en militares / Nutritional risk factors associated with the development of obesity in military population

Resumen Introducción: La correcta alimentación de los soldados es clave para mantener la salud y el buen rendimiento, actualmente, la obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública calificada como la "epidemia del siglo". Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad en una Brigada del Ejército Mexicano. Material y métodos: Se determinó la fuerza de asociación entre los factores de riesgo nutricionales y el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. La asociación se realizó mediante X2 y OR, y la diferencia de medias con prueba Z. Resultados: Se observó diferencia entre casos y controles en consumo de calorías (z=9.34, P<0.01), proteínas (z=10.22, P<0.01), grasas (z=8.84, P<0.0) y carbohidratos (z=7.04, P<0.01). El consumo de verduras y frutas <1 vez/semana, y el de bebidas azucaradas >1 vez/semana fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso y obesidad (X2=4.406; p=0.036; OR=2.1), (X2= 5.6; p=0.018; OR=2.25), (X2=7.368; p=0.007; OR=4.5), respectivamente. El no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor y el que la cafetería y la calle sean el sitio de mayor consumo de calorías fueron factores de riesgo (X2=14.44; p=0.000; OR=4.3), (X2=13.74; p=0.000; OR=5.56) y (X2=6.375; p=0.012; OR =4.12), respectivamente. Conclusiones: El consumo menor o igual a una vez a la semana de verduras y frutas, el consumir bebidas azucaradas más de una vez a la semana, el consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías de la cafetería y de la calle y el no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso-obesidad.

Abstract Introduction: Correctly feeding soldiers is key to maintaining health and good performance. Obesity is currently a public health problem classified as the "epidemic of the century". Objective to identify the nutritional risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in a Mexican Army Brigade. Material and methods: The strength of association between nutritional risk factors and the development of overweight and obesity was determined. The association was made using X2 and OR, and the difference in means with the Z test. Results: Different differences between cases and controls in the consumption of calories (z = 9.34, P <0.01), proteins (z = 10.22, P <0.01), fats (z = 8.84, P <0.0) and carbohydrates (z = 7.04, P <0.01). Consumption of vegetables and fruits <1 time / week and consumption of sugary drinks> 1 time / week were risk factors for developing overweight and obesity (X2 = 4,406; p = 0.036; OR = 2.1), (X2 = 5.6 ; p = 0.018; OR = 2.25), (X2 = 7.368; p = 0.007; OR = 4.5), respectively. Failure to consume the highest amount of calories in the dining room and the fact that the cafeteria and the street are the site of the highest calorie consumption were risk factors (X2 = 14.44; p = 0.000; OR = 4.3), (X2 = 13.74; p = 0.000; OR = 5.56) and (X2 = 6.375; p = 0.012; OR = 4.12), respectively. Conclusions: Consumption less than or equal to once a week of vegetables and fruits, consumption of sugary drinks more than once a week, consumption of the greatest number of calories in the cafeteria and the street and non-consumption of the greatest amount of calories in the dining room were risk factors for developing overweight-obesity.

Research progress on low carbohydrate diet in the control of overweight and obesity / 预防医学

@#Overweight and obesity are main risk factors for chronic metabolic diseases, and are strongly associated with the increased risk of premature death. Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been proven to effectively control body weight and fat mass in overweight and obese patients by short-term (≤6 months) dietary intervention studies. The mechanisms include regulation of energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, alteration in expression of lipid metabolic-related genes and modulation of intestinal flora. However, the conclusions are inconsistent on whether LCD can cause durable weight loss and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity. This review summarizes the current research progress on the mechanisms, epidemiological studies, intervention studies and potential risks of LCD in controlling overweight and obesity, providing a reference for the future research and clinical application.

A cross-sectional study of overweight and obesity among 7-22 year-old students in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective @#To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the influencing factors among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province. @*Methods @#Stratified random cluster sampling was used to randomly select students aged 7-22 years in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province in 2019. Height and weight were measured. The general information, dietary habits and living habits of students were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. @*Results @#A total of 33 800 respondents were included, 7 685 (22.74%) were overweight/obese, 4 729 ( 13.99% ) were overweight, and 2 956 ( 8.75% ) were obese. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that boys ( OR=2.059, 95%CI：1.949-2.175), not living on campus( OR=1.306, 95%CI: 1.214-1.405), history of alcohol consumption ( OR=1.158, 95%CI：1.083-1.238 ), average daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.103-1.336; once and more, OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.259-1.626 ), average daily consumption of fries in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.171, 95%CI: 1.065-1.288; once and more, OR=1.266, 95%CI: 1.102-1.454 ), and average daily consumption of sweets in the past week (less than once, OR=0.727, 95%CI: 0.658-0.802; once and more, OR=0.504, 95%CI: 0.444-0.572) were associated with overweight and obesity in students. @*Conclusion @#The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province are 13.99% and 8.75%, respectively, which are associated with boys, not living on campus, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fries, sweets and alcohol.

Malnutrition and its risk factors among children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) in Asian countries: A scoping review

@#Introduction: Children with intellectual disability (ID) have higher probability of experiencing poor health status due to their limited ability to understand and assess information about nutrition and health. Malnutrition remains a significant health problem as it is prevalent among both typically developing and disabled children. This scoping review aims to discuss the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents with ID in Asian countries. Methods: The review was based on the PRISMA-ScR method. A systematic electronic search was conducted using databases namely PUBMED, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published from 2006-2019, written in English and involved studies in Asian countries. Results: A total of 255,100 article’s titles were identified and only 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included for further analysis. The findings revealed that the range of prevalence for underweight was 5.7%-76.3% and 28.9%-45.0% for stunting. The prevalence estimated for overweight was 3.9%-46.6%, while obesity was 1.6%- 26.6%. The body mass index values ranged from 17.4±4.3kg/m2-23.0±6.3kg/m2. There were several risk factors related to malnutrition such as co-morbidity factors, behavioural factors, and parental factors. Conclusion: This review demonstrated concern regarding the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents with ID, which is high in certain Asian countries. It was varied and thus difficult to compare due to different reference standards and definitions used for malnutrition. Establishing nutrition and health-related intervention programmes can help to prevent further rise in the prevalence of malnutrition in this group.

Moving it for Weight Loss

@#The rate of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, with significant health impact. Obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and weight loss should take a multi-pronged approach, including dietary control and physical activity. The lack of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, as well as poor cardiorespiratory fitness are all independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality as well, thus it is important to advise lifestyle changes to address these issues. Most individuals who have no contraindications can embark on light- to moderate-intensity physical activity without the need for medical clearance. Specific advice on physical activity should be given, targeting the individual, and this can be done using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle. Physical activity should also be reviewed regularly and progressed gradually to target physical activity guidelines. Individuals should also be encouraged to replace sedentary behaviour with at least light-intensity physical activity whenever possible.

Effect of the Psychophysical Approach in Slipping Incident Among Workers at The Commercial Kitchen Activity

@#Introduction: The occurrence of slips can be disruptive in workers’ life, causing various types of injuries. Working with prolonged standing and walking postures in a commercial kitchen contributes to worker fatigue. A psychophysical approach can be used in identifying the extent to which workers’ fatigue contributes to the occurrence of slipping. Method: Electromyography (EMG) was used to record and analyze the data of three values of muscle activity obtained from the study. Twelve participants aged 23 to 60 years old with a Body Mass Index (BMI) mean of 27.82 ± 4.01 kg/m2. The participants were selected based on the experience of at least three years and above in commercial kitchen activity. The testing procedures were explained in detail upon agreement. They had to walk with four different types of walking speeds with water and oil as the contaminants on the floors. Results: The slip occurred high frequency for obese participants compared to overweight participants when increasing their speeds of walking on oily floor surfaces. Female participants experience slips more than male participants. The muscle Soleus and Tibialis frequently produce higher muscle activity during slip occurrence compared to muscle Peroneus. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the psychophysical approach is significant in the occurrence of slipping during work activities in commercial kitchens when the muscle of Soleus and Tibialis produces higher muscle activity during slip occurrence. There was no significant factor of age during the slip occurrence.

Overweight and Obesity Among Children: A Relationship Between Maternal Beliefs and Feeding Practices With Children’s Body Mass Index-for-Age in Bandar and Jugra Kuala Langat Selangor

@#Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the major public concerns as prevalence was showing an increasing trend in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the associations between maternal beliefs, attitudes and feeding practices with children’s Body Mass Index-for-age (BMI-for-age). Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bandar and Jugra, Kuala Langat, Selangor in two-phase. The first phase was conducted to determine the prevalence of children’s body weight status involving 209 pairs of mothers and children. The second phase of the study aims to determine the socio-demographic characteristics, maternal beliefs, maternal attitudes and feeding practices with childhood obesity involving 148 pairs of mothers and children whose BMI-for-age are normal, overweight and obese only. A set of self-administered questionnaire was answered by the mothers and anthropometric measurements of children were taken. Results: Overall, about 24.9% of the children were overweight and obese. Maternal employment status (X2 = 9.135, p<0.05), perceived child weight status (r=0.267, p<0.05) and food restriction (r=0.186, p<0.05) were positively correlated with children’s BMI-for-age. The pressure to eat (r= -0.177, p<0.05) was negatively associated with children’s BMI-for-age. From multiple linear regression, maternal employment status, perceived child weight status and pressure to eat was shown to be factors associated with children’s BMI-for-age. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings showed that maternal employment status, perceived on child weight status, restriction on food and pressure to eat were linked to children’s BMI-for-age. Therefore, mothers should be educated on appropriate feeding practices to help to maintain healthy BMI-for-age among younger children.

High body mass index predicts multiple prostate cancer lymph node metastases after radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Our aim is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and preoperative total testosterone (TT) levels with the risk of single and multiple metastatic lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Preoperative BMI, basal levels of TT, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated in 361 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection between 2014 and 2017. Patients were grouped into either nonmetastatic, one, or more than one metastatic lymph node invasion groups. The association among clinical factors and LNI was evaluated. LNI was detected in 52 (14.4%) patients: 28 (7.8%) cases had one metastatic node and 24 (6.6%) had more than one metastatic node. In the overall study population, BMI correlated inversely with TT (r = -0.256; P 28 kg m-2 (P 28 kg m-2 (P = 0.048). In our study, overweight and obese patients had a higher risk of harboring multiple prostate cancer lymph node metastases and lower TT levels when compared to patients with normal BMI.

Analysis of the risk of chronic diseases induced by the abnormal BMI of military officers and soldiers in a certain war zone / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the overweight status of military officers and soldiers and to analyze the risks of the induction of chronic diseases. Methods Questionnaires and biochemical analysis were used to randomly survey the living and training status of 485 officers and soldiers in a military unit. Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed using blood biochemical analysis methods and conventional dry chemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed through EXCEL 2007 and SPASS 12.0 software. Results The survey results showed that the proportion of BMI abnormal people in the officers and soldiers was high. Compared to the normal population, the officers and soldiers with abnormal BMI had more bad daily life habits such as smoking and drinking, while their diet balance was relatively poor, and their frequency of daily exercise was significantly less. Biochemical tests showed that the proportion of the officers and soldiers with hyperuricemia and hyperbilirubinemia was high, but there was no significant difference in the officers and soldiers with different BMI. Urine analysis showed that the number of urinary protein and occult blood in the officers and soldiers increased significantly after military training, and the BMI abnormal population was more significant than the normal population. Conclusion There was a relatively low correlation between different BMI and chronic metabolic diseases in military officers and soldiers, but those with abnormal BMI were at high risk for exercise-induced kidney injury. Military officers and soldiers should strengthen health management and actively control the acquired factors that cause BMI abnormalities, to effectively prevent and reduce the BMI abnormality and lower the risk of induced early chronic kidney injury disease, promoting the overall health level.

Association between Chinese Famine Exposure and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Laterlife: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study aimed to examine the association between famine exposure in different stages of life and the risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in laterlife. A total of 12,458 participants were categorized into non-exposure and four direct exposures, including fetal, childhood, adolescence, and adult exposure. Only risk of being overweight or obesity in adolescence exposure [odds ratio ( ), 1.45; 95% confidence interval ( ), 1.08-1.94] was significantly higher than in non-exposure. Childhood ( , 1.27; 95% , 1.05-1.54) and adolescence ( , 1.53; 95% , 1.15-2.05) exposures had significantly an increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with non-exposure. Additionally, different famine severity exposures had different influences on the development of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Famine exposure in adolescence, which was a behavior formative period, can increase the risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in adulthood, specifically in famine severely affect area.

Calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso y obesidad: Diferencias por sexo / Quality of life in university students with overweight and obesity: Differences by sex

Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la relación entre la calidad de vida, el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como comparar si existen diferencias significativas por sexo. Método: Se utilizó el cuestionario de salud SF-36v2, que mide la salud funcional y el bienestar a partir de ocho dimensiones: función física, rol físico, dolor corporal, salud general, vitalidad, función social, rol emocional y salud mental. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa con un diseño prospectivo, transversal y observacional. Las técnicas estadísticas que se utilizaron para el análisis de la información fueron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y la prueba t para muestras independientes. Para la magnitud del efecto se utilizó la d de Cohen. La muestra se seleccionó a partir del muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia; el total de participantes fue de 320. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en dos de las dimensiones, con un tamaño del efecto pequeño, menor a una desviación estándar. Conclusión: Las mujeres sienten más energía y vitalidad que los hombres, éstos algunas veces se ven más afectados por los problemas de salud física o emocional que interfieren en su vida social.

Introduction: The objective of this article is to show the relation between the quality of life, overweight and obesity, and to compare if there are significant differences by gender. Methodology: The SF-36v2 questionnaire was used to measure the functional health and wellness from eight dimensions: physical function, physical role, body pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health. The study is quantitative with a traversal, observational and prospective design. The statistical techniques that were used to the data analysis was the Pearson relation coefficient and the t test to independent samples. The d of Cohen was used to obtain the magnitude of the effect. The sample was selected from a non-probabilistic sample by convenience; the total of participants was of 320. Results: Significant statistic differences were found in two of the dimensions, with a small magnitude of the effect, less than a standard deviation. Conclusion: Women feel more energy and vitality than men, whom sometimes are more affected by the physical or emotional health problems that interfere in their social life.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y anomalías electrocardiográficas en estudiantes universitarios de Itá, Paraguay / Cardiovascular risk factors and electrocardiographic anomalies in university students from Itá, Paraguay

Introducción: La determinación de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular debe realizarse en etapas precoces como en la edad universitaria. Esto tiene como propósito identificar los factores modificables, sobre todo en edades tempranas de la vida. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de alteraciones antropométricas, hipertensión arterial, hiperglicemia, hábito de fumar, sedentarismo, ingesta de alcohol y alteraciones electrocardiográficas en los alumnos de la Universidad Gran Asunción (Itá, Paraguay) en los años 2017 y 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en varones y mujeres, mayores de 18 años, estudiantes de todas las carreras universitarias, que acudieron en los años 2017 y 2018. Se realizó examen clínico y electrocardiográfico previo consentimiento informado. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para la descripción de las variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron 121 mujeres (edad media 21±4 años) y 62 varones (edad media 20±3 años). Se hallaron las siguientes frecuencias: sobrepeso 27%, obesidad 14%, circunferencia abdominal aumentada 26%, índice de conicidad aumentado 45%, hipertensión arterial 18%, sedentarismo 80%, hábito de fumar 0,5% e ingesta de alcohol 15%. Las anomalías electrocardiográficas se detectaron en 19% siendo la más frecuente la bradicardia sinusal. Se detectaron dos casos de síndrome QTc prolongado en pacientes asintomáticos. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes fueron el sedentarismo, el sobrepeso y la hipertensión arterial. Las anomalías electrocardiográficas se detectaron en 19% siendo la bradicardia sinusal la más frecuente.

Introduction: The determination of cardiovascular risk factors should be carried out in early life stages such as university age. The purpose of this is to identify modifiable factors, especially at early ages of life. Objectives: To determine the frequency of anthropometric alterations, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, smoking habit, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol intake and electrocardiographic alterations in the students of the Gran Asunción University (Itá, Paraguay) in the years 2017 and 2018. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study carried out in males and females, over 18 years old, students of all university careers, who attended the university in the years 2017 and 2018. A clinical and electrocardiographic examination was performed with informed consent. Descriptive statistics was applied for the description of the variables. Results: One hundred twenty one women were included (average age 21±4 years) and 62 men (average age 20±3 years). The following frequencies were found: overweight 27%, obesity 14%, increased abdominal circumference 26%, conicity index increased 45%, hypertension 18%, sedentary lifestyle 80%, smoking habit 0.5% and alcohol intake 15%. The electrocardiographic anomalies were detected in 19%, with sinus bradycardia being the most frequent. Two cases of prolonged QTc syndrome were detected in asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were sedentary lifestyle, overweight and high blood pressure. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 19%, with sinus bradycardia being the most frequent.

Influencia de los hábitos alimentarios y condiciones de trabajo en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de trabajadores informales de la ciudad de Medellín

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los hábitos alimentarios, estilos de vida y condiciones laborales, que influyen en el sobre peso y la obesidad de trabajadores informales, Medellín. 2016 Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, con fuentes primarias de información a un censo de 686 trabajadores. Se aplicó encuesta asistida. Con Índice de Masa Corporal se definió Sobrepeso y obesidad. Análisis univariado, bivariado y regresión logística predictiva. Resultados: edad 50 años (± 11,76), escolaridad cinco años, 10 horas de trabajo al día, y 23 años en su labor. Sobrepeso 42,3% (290), obesidad 26,2% (180), 28,9% (198) sedentarios, 25,5% (175) consumía licor y, 16,8% (115) cigarrillo, 79,6% (546) consumía alimentos en su trabajo y 53,4% (366) sin horario establecido. Preferían alimentos hervidos, asados y fritos. Mayor IMC para quienes percibían tener sobre peso/obesidad (P<0,001. RP=13,96. IC: 8,28;23,53), y consumían alimentos al vapor (p=0,019. RP=1,59. IC:1,08; 2,33), <IMC en fumadores (p=0,002. RP=0,48. IC: 0,30;0,76). Conclusión: sobre peso/obesidad en estos trabajadores informales, aporta a configurar su perfil de vulnerabilidad laboral. Esta condición puede ser revertida.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the eating habits, lifestyles and working conditions that influence the overweight and obesity of informal workers, Medellín. 2016 Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study, with primary sources of information to a census of 686 workers. Assisted survey was applied. Body Weight Index was defined as Overweight and Obesity. Univariate analysis, bivariate and predictive logistic regression. Results: age 50 years (± 11.76), schooling five years, 10 hours of work per day, and 23 years of work. Overweight 42.3% (290), obesity 26.2% (180), 28.9% (198) sedentary, 25.5% (175) consumed liquor and, 16.8% (115) cigarette, 79.6 % (546) consumed food at work and 53.4% (366) without established hours. They preferred boiled, roasted and fried foods. Higher BMI for those who perceived to have overweight / obesity (p<0.001. RP=13.96. IC: 8.28;23.53), and consumed steamed foods (p=0.019. RP=1.59. IC:1.08;2.33), <BMI in smokers (p=0.002. RP =0.48. IC: 0.30;0.76). Conclusion: about weight/obesity in these informal workers, contributes to configure their profile of labor vulnerability. This condition can be reversed.

Programas de exercício físico com jogos pré-desportivos para crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade / Exercise programs with pre-sports games for overweight and obese children / Programas de ejercicio físico con juegos pre-deportivos para niños con sobrepeso y obesidad

Objetivou-se verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios (PEF) com jogos pré-esportivos atletismo, voleibol e basquetebol em crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade. Partici-param 74 crianças, agrupadas em GC (n = 36) e GI (n = 38). Os voluntários foram submetidos a avaliações antropométricas e avaliações das capacidades físicas (CF), pré e pós 52 semanas. Todos frequentavam aulas de Educação Física escolar, e o GI participou do PEF. No GC, não ocorreram diferenças significativas nas variáveis indicadoras da adiposidade (VIA), houve piora na agilidade e na velocidade, sem alterações significativas em outras CF. No GI, houve redução de VIA e melhora das CF, exceto resistência abdominal. Conclui-se que o PEF pro-porcionou benefícios aos voluntários do GI.

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of an exercise program (PEF) with pre-sports athletics, volleyball and basketball in overweight and obese children. Participants were 74 children, grouped in CG (n = 36), and GI (n = 38). The volunteers were submitted to an-thropometric assessments and physical abilities (CF) assessments, pre and post 52 weeks. All attended school Physical Education classes, and the GI participated in the PEF. In the CG, there were no significant differences in the adiposity indicators (VIA), agility and speed worsening, without significant changes in other CF. In the GI, there was reduction of VIA and improvement of the CF, except abdominal resistance. It was concluded that the PEF provided benefits to the volunteers of the GI.

Se objetivó verificar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios (PEF) con juegos pre-deportivos atletismo, voleibol y baloncesto en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Participaron 74 niños, agrupados en GC (n = 36), y GI (n = 38). Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a evaluaciones antropométricas y evaluaciones de las capacidades físicas (CF), pre y post 52 semanas. Todos frecuentaban clases de Educación Física escolar, y el GI participó en el PEF. En el GC no hubo diferencias significativas en las variables indicadoras de la adiposidad (VIA), hubo em-peoramiento en la agilidad y la velocidad, sin cambios significativos en otras CF. En el GI hubo reducción de VIA y mejora de las CF, excepto resistencia abdominal. Se concluye que el PEF proporcionó beneficios a los voluntarios del GI.

Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Weight Status among Korean Adolescents from Multicultural Families: Using Data from the 2017–2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the weight status among Korean adolescents in multicultural families.METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,751 multicultural families' adolescents who participated in the 2017–2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Information on dietary and lifestyle factors was self-reported using a web-based questionnaire and this information included breakfast and foods consumption, perceived health status, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, and weight control efforts. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the self-reported height and body weight (kg/m²). Weight status was assessed according to the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart: underweight (weight-for-age <5(th) percentiles), overweight (85(th)≤ BMI-for-age <95(th) percentiles), and obese (BMI-for-age ≥95(th) percentiles). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the dietary and lifestyle factors associated with weight status after adjustment for covariates.RESULTS: Among Korean adolescents from multicultural families, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 20.9%, whereas about 7% of adolescents were underweight. The weight status did not show differences according to gender, school level, area of residence, and household income. Compared to adolescents who did not have breakfast during the previous week, those who had breakfast 3–4 days/week and ≥5 days/week had a 42% (p=0.021) and a 37% (p=0.009) lower prevalence of overweight/obesity, respectively. The adolescents who frequently consumed carbonated soft drinks (≥5 times/week) showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% CI=1.01–2.83) for overweight/obesity relative to those adolescents who did not consume carbonated soft drinks. The OR of being underweight for adolescents who ate fast food ≥3 times/week was 1.97 (95% CI=1.04–3.71) compared to those adolescents who had not eaten fast food during the previous week.CONCLUSIONS: Dietary and lifestyle factors were associated with overweight/obesity as well as underweight among Korean adolescents in multicultural families. Our findings could be used to design and provide nutrition interventions for this specific population.