Establishment of HPLC Fingerprint and Content Determination of Two Components of Oxalis corniculata / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the HP LC fing erprints of Oxalis corniculata and to simultaneously determine the contents of isovitexin and swertisin. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on ACE Excel- 5-C18column with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.1％ phosphoric acid water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. Using isovitexin peak as reference，HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of sample were drawn. The similarity evaluation was performed by using Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatogram Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）to determine common peaks. The contents of isovitexin and swertisin were determined by same method of above chromatogram. RESULTS ：There were 19 common peaks in HPLC chromatogram of 12 batches of O. corniculata ，with the similarity above 0.89. Two common peaks including isovitexin and swertisin were identified. The linear range of two components were 3.91-117.36 μg/mL（r＝0.999 4）and 9.88-118.56 μg/mL（r＝ 0.999 2），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.675 and 3.587 μg/mL；the limits of detection were 0.205 and 1.087 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 95.46％-99.10％ （RSD＝1.23％ ，n＝6），95.34％ -101.23％（RSD＝2.74％ ，n＝6），respectively. The average contents were 0.227-1.654， 0.641-2.052 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：Established fingerprints can be used for the quality control of O. corniculata ； the content determination method is simple and accu rate，and can be used for simultaneous determination of two components.

Study on the Quality Standards of Miao Medicine Oxalis corniculata / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide scientific basis for the utilization and development of Miao medicine Oxalis corniculata by promoting the quality standard of it. METHODS： Total of 12 batches of O. corniculata were collected from Guizhou， Anhui and Henan， etc. Microscopic characteristics of 12 batches of O. corniculata powder were observed. According to the corresponding methods in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）， TLC was used for qualitative identification [developing solvent was trichloromethane-methanol-formic acid （8 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.1， V/V/V）]， and the contents of moisture， total ash， acid insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extractive from 12 batches of O. corniculata were determined. The content of isovitexin was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Venusil XBP C18 （L） with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution  （15 ∶ 85， V/V） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃， and the detection wavelength was set at 338 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： Microscopic observation showed that the powder was grayish brown to yellowish brown， with many non-glandular hairs and obvious fibrous pore. Results of TLC identification showed that the spots of the same color appeared in the corresponding positions of the test and the control chromatogram. The contents of moisture， total ash， acid insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract from samples were 6.66％-12.13％， 9.16％-13.79％， 1.58％-4.63％ and 5.22％-15.79％， respectively. Results of HPLC method showed that the concentration of isovitexin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 5.20-78.3 μg/mL （r＝0.999 0）； RSDs of reproducibility （n＝9）， intermediate precision （n＝6） and stability （24 h， n＝6） tests were all lower than 2.0％； and the recovery rates were 97.54％-99.52％ （RSD＝0.74％， n＝6）； the contents of isovitexin in 12 batches of O. corniculata were 0.036％-0.144％ （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： Qualitative and quantitative identification methods of O. corniculate were established， which can be used as a reference for improving the quality standard of O. corniculata.

Degradación de oxalato por bacterias oxalotróficas asociadas a plantas del género Oxalis sp en regiones Andinas del departamento de Nariño, Colombia / Oxalate degradation by oxalotrophic bacteria associated with plants of the genus Oxalis sp in the Andean region of the department of Nariño, Colombia

Introducción: El ácido oxálico (H2C2O4) y las sales de oxalato son sustancias altamente oxidadas y consideradas tóxicas para algunos sistemas biológicos, incluido el humano, no obstante, pueden ser utilizadas como fuente de carbono y energía por algunas comunidades bacterianas, denominadas oxalotróficas, las cuales por su capacidad metabólica forman parte de la ruta biogeoquímica oxalato-carbonato (OCP, oxalate-carbonate pathway). Objetivo: Aislar y caracterizar bacterias oxalotróficas a partir de plantas del género Oxalis sp., de zonas alto-andina de Nariño- Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron muestras de suelo rizosférico de plantas oxalogénicas que fueron analizadas con parámetros fisicoquímicos y se utilizó un medio selectivo Schlegel para el aislamiento de bacterias oxalotróficas. Resultados: Las bacterias aisladas en medio selectivo Schlegel fueron caracterizadas bioquímicamente como: (Serratia fonticola, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis y Bacillus cereus). Estas especies fueron capaces de degradar oxalato e incrementar el pH producto de la degradación. Conclusión: Este tipo de bacterias pueden ser estudiadas en trabajos complementarios para evaluar su potencial como biofertilizantes y/o alternativas de bioremediación en suelos ácidos. El estudio a pesar de ser indicativo a nivel biológico, puede en un futuro y con base en mayores soportes en investigación, tornarse en una promisoria aplicación para reducir el oxalato de calcio en los alimentos de consumo diario que presentan un renglón de importancia agrícola en la región, potencialmente dañinos para la función renal.

Introduction: Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and oxalate salts are highly oxidized substances, which are considered as toxic for some biological systems, including the human being; however, they can be used as a source of carbon and energy for some bacterial communities called oxalotrophic which are part of the so called oxalate-carbonate geochemistry pathway (OCP) due to its metabolic capacity. Objective: The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize oxalotrophic bacteria from plants of the genus Oxalis sp. in the high-andean zone of the department of Nariño, Colombia. Materials and methods: Samples of rhizosphere soil from oxalogenic plants were analyzed with physicochemical parameters and a Schlegel selective medium was used to isolate oxalotrophic bacteria. Results: The isolated bacteria through Schlegel selective medium were identified biochemically as: (Serratia fonticola, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus cereus). The identified species play an important role in the rhizosphere soil, principally for the capacity to increase the pH during oxalate consumption. Conclusion: This type of bacteria can be studied in additional studies to evaluate their potential as bio-fertilizers and/or bioremediation alternatives in acid soils. Despite that the study is indicative at a biological level, it can become a promising application, in the future and with greater support in research, to reduce the calcium oxalate in food of daily consumption which represent an agricultural important line in the region and are potentially harmful to kidney finction.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Oxalis corniculata in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats.

Background: Oxalis corniculata is traditionally well-known for its versatile uses. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of O. corniculata (EEOC) leaves in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Methods: Rats were treated with the extract for 7 days following which acetic acid was used to induce colitis. Animals were euthanized, 24 hrs after induction of colitis and colon was removed and assessed for macroscopic injury, as well as also processed for histopathological examination. Sulfasalazine 360 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. The extract was used in 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses. Results: At all the three doses, the EEOC showed significant (p<0.01) antiinflammatory activity in experimental models. Conclusion: Results obtained in this study substantiate the anti-inflammatory effect of EEOC leaves.

Activity of Oxalis barrelieri aqueous extract on rat secretory diarrhea and intestine transit.

Oxalis barrelieri is used in the folk medicine for diarrhea treatment. The effects of the aqueous extract of Oxalis barrelieri on castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestine transit were investigated in rats. To induce the diarrhea and enteropooling, animals orally received castor oil (1 mL/100 g bw). Each rat received 30 minutes after, one of the single oral doses of O. barrelieri aqueous extract: 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 250 mg/kg bw or loperamide (5 mg/kg bw). The frequency and the total diarrheal weight for diarrhea and the intestine content for enteropooling were measured. To value the extract effect on intestine transit, normal rats received or not acetylcholine 0.1 mg/kg bw i.p. and then different dose of plant extract 50 and 100 mg/kg bw. The extract produced significant (p<0.01) decrease: respectively 95 %, 96.36 %, 99 % and 100 % in the severity of diarrhea. The 50 and 100 mg/kg bw extract produced remarkable (p<0.01) decrease in castor oil-induced enteropooling (59 % and 71.43%), intestine transit (42.12 % and 46.50 %), and reduced acetylcholine action (-65.90 % and -53.73 %) respectively. The results provide evidence that the aqueous extract of O. barrelieri could act on secretory diarrhea and intestinal motility, and thus could justify its traditional use.

Hepatoprotective activity of Oxalis corniculata L. ethanolic extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and its in vitro antioxidant effects.

Oxalis corniculata is well known for its medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, antibacterial, antiseptic etc. The present study focuses on the ability of O. corniculata to alleviate liver damage caused by over dose of paracetamol. Antioxidant activity of O. corniculata was evaluated using the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals, total anti oxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method and total phenolic content was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of whole plant of O. corniculata (OC, 500 µg/mL, po) significantly reduced 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals. This dose also caused significant reduction (62.67%) in malondialdehyde levels of murine hepatic tissues. The antioxidant capacity of OC was comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid and showed 53.5 µg of phenol/mg OC. Rats pre-treated with OC for 4 days showed significant reduction in the serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and showed almost normal histological liver architecture of the treated groups compared to paracetamol induced hepatic damage group, indicating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential.

Chemical constituents of whole plant of Oxalis pes-caprae L / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Oxalis pes-caprae L. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified with silica column chromatography and gel chromatography, etc. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic methods including NMR spectrum, MS, UV, etc. RESUTLS: Twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate part, among which 10 compounds were elucidated as daucosterol(1), β-sitosterol(2), vitexin(3), isovitexin(4), acacetin(5), robinin(6), β-tocopherol(7), tartaric acid(8), vanillic acid(9), and luteolin(10). CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from Oxalis pes-caprae L. for the first time.

Corniculatin A, a new flavonoidal glucoside from Oxalis corniculata

Oxalis corniculata L. (creeping wood sorrel) is medicinally important member of family Oxalidaceae, and is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in different systems of traditional medications for different diseases. Corniculatin A, a new flavonoid glucoside, was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the whole plant along with luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, This is the first report of these compounds from this species. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data including mass and 2D NMR experiments.

An experimental investigation of therapeutic effect of Oxalis comiculata L. extracts on rats with alcoholic liver disease / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic action and molecular mechanisms of Oxalis comiculata L. extracts on rats with alcoholic liver disease. Methods Forty-two male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10),model group(n=8),moderate dose oxalis group(n=8),high dose oxalis group(n=8)and prednisone group(n=8). The model of rat with alcoholic liver disease was established by liquor gavage;after 12 weeks,moderate dose oxalis group,high dose oxalis group and prednisone group were given the total extract of oxalis 3.5 g?kg-1?d-1,7 g?kg-1?d-1 or prednisolone acetate 0.9 mg?kg-1?d-1,respectively,the remaining two groups were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage daily for 6 weeks. Levels of indexes of liver function,superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),antidiuretic hormone(ADH)and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)in rats were detected. The pathological changes of liver tissues in rats were observed under light microscope;tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) expression level was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the normal control group, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT),MDA were increased significantly,while the levels of SOD,ADH and ALDH were obviously reduced in model group. Compared with the model group,AST,ALT,AKP,GGT and MDA contents were decreased significantly,while the levels of SOD, ADH and ALDH were markedly increased in the drug groups,and the changes of levels of AST,ALT,AKP,GGT, SOD,ADH in high dose oxalis group were the most obvious〔AST(U/L):117.38±22.75 vs. 201.62±17.95,ALT (U/L):33.51±11.64 vs. 59.14±9.52,AKP(U/L):95.19±24.85 vs. 169.39±37.21,GGT(U/L):46.54±14.55 vs. 89.37±12.49,SOD(U/mg):137.03±12.03 vs. 80.64±13.45,ADH(U/L):3.48±0.71 vs. 2.05±0.91,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕,and the most significant changes of MDA and ALDH were in oxalis moderate dose group〔MDA (mmol/mg):2.05±0.64 vs. 3.17±0.61,ALDH(U/L):7.59±1.95 vs. 5.71±1.33,both P<0.05〕. In normal control group,no obvious lesion was seen in the rat liver tissues. In the model group,fatty degeneration of liver cells with formation of bullae was found,while in the moderate and high dose oxalis groups,cells with macrovesicular steatosis were significantly decreased. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of TNF-α in the cytoplasm and part of cell membrane of macrophage was significantly decreased in liver tissues in oxalis moderate and high dose groups. Conclusion These results show that the Oxalis comiculata L. extracts possess certain therapeutic effect on alcoholic liver disease.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata against intoxication of thioacetamide induced rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalidaceae, against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats of either sex by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide. An aqueous and ethanolic extract of aerial parts of O. corniculata (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were evaluated. Oral administration of O. corniculata aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract at 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in SGOT (146.42±2.54 and 136.75±1.37 IU/L respectively), SGPT (81.96±3.15 and 72.05±2.33 IU/L respectively), GGTP (16.6±0.49 and 15.02±0.68 IU/L respectively), ALP (241.86±3.94 and 202.42±5.37 IU/L respectively) and total bilirubin (0.226±0.00 mg/dL 0.288±0.01 mg/dL respectively) content that were lesser than positive control, thioacetamide damaged rats. Histology of the liver sections of the animals treated with the extract also showed dose dependent reduction of necrosis. Hence the study concluded that O. corniculata has potential hepatoprotective activity.

Ubisch bodies and pollen ontogeny in Oxalis articulata Savigny

The correlation between the ontogeny of Ubisch bodies and pollen development in Oxalis articulata was studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells are related to Ubisch bodies, sporopollenin and pollen-kitt formation. The pro-orbicules have the appearance of lipid globuli and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). The lipid globules or pro-orbicules disappear in the mature Ubisch bodies, and the places that they occupied remain free of contents or with pollen-kitt.