ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In vivo study on the oxybutynin hydrochloride (OXB) ethosomal gel in rabbits was carried out to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters in comparison to contrast gel. METHODS: After transdermal administration in rabbits of the OXB ethosomal gel and contrast gel respectively, OXB in the plasma was determined by HPLC-MS, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 2.1.1. RESULTS: Dose of OXB for 20 mg in the ethosomal gel and for 50 mg in contrast gel transdermal delivery, the AUC0→48 of ethosomal gel and contrast gel were 597.63, 518.40 ng · h · mL-1, ρmax were 27.91, 29.81 ng · mL-1, and tmax were 6.67, 4.67 h respectively. A relative bioavailability of OXB ethosomal gel was 288.4% compared with contrast gel. CONCLUSION: In vivo experiments indicate that the OXB ethosomal gel not only reduce the drug dosage, but also show good bioavailability in rabbits.
ABSTRACT
Nocturnal enuresis has been recognized as an adverse effect of clozapine treatment. We reported 3 chronic schizophrenic patients who had showed nocturnal enuresis following clozapine treatment. Oxybutynin hydrochloride on clozapine-induced enuresis was very effective in 3 patients. The dose in our patients was 5 to 10mg/day. This medication was well tolerated. It is suggested that oxybutynin hydrochloride is a effective therapeutic option in clozapine-induced nocturnal enuresis.