ABSTRACT
Investigando la historia de la Ventilación Mecánica No Invasiva profundizamos en aspectos históricos, sociales, científicos, económicos y políticos desde los orígenes de la técnica para ayudar a respirar de forma no hostil. Se ha analizado un repertorio de literatura científica, sanitaria, política y económica, para reescribir un discurso histórico que nos introduce en diversos momentos de esta técnica. Una línea evolutiva de invenciones e investigaciones hacia una mejora de esta práctica que fomenta el confort del paciente y la eficacia de la técnica durante el siglo XX y su proyección hasta nuestros días. Técnica que resuelve desde sus inicios problemas sanitarios y médicos en casos de pacientes con una pobre oxigenación. Señalamos el proceso de tecnificación y perfeccionamiento de los aparatos que ayudan a respirar. En el continente europeo esbozaremos unas pinceladas de las investigaciones para atajar los males provocados tras la Gran Guerra, 1914-1918. Aportaciones alemanas de la empresa Dräger y los progresos de los investigadores franceses. Se analizarán los avances y conquistas que se lograron en Norteamérica. Los principales protagonistas, la participación de la industria en este progreso técnico y sanitario, los aparatos que se diseñaron y las polémicas científico-técnicas y económicas que se produjeron. Concluyendo que, incluso, las guerras, dentro de la tragedia que suponen para la humanidad, pueden traer algún "beneficio" social de manera colateral, como en el caso de los avances médico-sanitarios.
Investigating the history of Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation we delve into historical, social, scientific, economic and political aspects from the origins of the technique to help breathe in a non-hostile way. We have analyzed a repertoire of scientific, health, political and economic literature, to rewrite a historical discourse that introduces us in different moments of this technique. An evolutionary line of inventions and research towards an improvement of this practice that promotes patient comfort and efficiency of the technique during the twentieth century and its projection to the present day. Technique that resolves from its beginnings sanitary and medical problems in cases of patients with a poor oxygenation. We point out the process of technification and improvement of the devices that help to breathe. On the European continent we will outline some brushstrokes of the investigations to tackle the evils provoked after the Great War, 1914-1918. German contributions from Dräger and the progress of French researchers. It will analyze the advances and achievements that were achieved in North America. The main protagonists, the participation of the industry in this technical and sanitary progress, the devices that were designed and the scientific-technical and economic controversies that took place. Concluding that even wars, within the tragedy they pose for humanity, can bring some social "benefit" in a collateral way, as in the case of medical and health advances.
Subject(s)
Respiration, Artificial , HistoryABSTRACT
Objective To develop a new type of oxygen mask, which has adjustable vent and can be removable. Methods An adjustable and removable vent below the mask was added to the conventional mask, so the problem of taking off the mask for interrupted oxygen inhalation was solved. The change of the passage of the oxygen import and export could add comfort, keep away from the operation area of the neck,chest area, etc. The new mask had a filmy hole in each side which was for gastrointestinal drainage tubes,which increased tighmess. Results The new mask improved the effect of oxygen inhalation, added comfort to patients and was convenient for medical operation. Conclusions The mask is innovative and can be widely used in clinic.
ABSTRACT
This investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of nonrebreathing oxygen mask on arterial blood gas tension during epidural anesthesia. 35 patients who were undergone total hystrectomies were studied. After the induction of epidural anesthesia, thiopental 200 mg and Entobar 25 mg were intravenouly injected. 35 patients were divided into four groups i. e:group 1(n=9) with no oxygen mask (contol), group 2(n=12) with oxygen of 3L/min, group 3(n=8) with 4L/min, and group 4(n=6) with 5L/min through the non-rebreathing oxygen mask. Arterial blood samples were taken one hour after the start of surgery for the measurement of PaO2, PaCO2 and O2 sat. The results were as follows: 1) In control group, the mean value of PaO2, was 86.6(13.4) torr but two patients showed less than 70 torr. 2) In group 2, 3, 4, PaO2, and 02, sat increased significantly compared with the control group (P< 0.05). 3) PaO2, and 02, sat were not significantly different in connection with oxygen flow rates between group 2, 3, 4. 4) The changes of PaCO2, were not significant in comparison with the control group between group 2, 3, 4 but PaCO2, was above 45 torr in eleven patients due to respiratory depression. Non-rebreathing oxygen mask increased PaO2, significantly at the oxygen flow rates of 3-5 L/min. However, PaCO2 did not seem to be influenced by the oxygen flow rates but the minute ventilation. Therefore, we concluded that the most important thing we should do for CO2 accumulation is careful observation to the patients for respiratory depression and obstruction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Epidural , Masks , Oxygen , Respiratory Insufficiency , Thiopental , VentilationABSTRACT
This investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of nonrebreathing oxygen mask on arterial blood gas tension during epidural anesthesia. 35 patients who were undergone total hystrectomies were studied. After the induction of epidural anesthesia, thiopental 200 mg and Entobar 25 mg were intravenouly injected. 35 patients were divided into four groups i. e:group 1(n=9) with no oxygen mask (contol), group 2(n=12) with oxygen of 3L/min, group 3(n=8) with 4L/min, and group 4(n=6) with 5L/min through the non-rebreathing oxygen mask. Arterial blood samples were taken one hour after the start of surgery for the measurement of PaO2, PaCO2 and O2 sat. The results were as follows: 1) In control group, the mean value of PaO2, was 86.6(13.4) torr but two patients showed less than 70 torr. 2) In group 2, 3, 4, PaO2, and 02, sat increased significantly compared with the control group (P< 0.05). 3) PaO2, and 02, sat were not significantly different in connection with oxygen flow rates between group 2, 3, 4. 4) The changes of PaCO2, were not significant in comparison with the control group between group 2, 3, 4 but PaCO2, was above 45 torr in eleven patients due to respiratory depression. Non-rebreathing oxygen mask increased PaO2, significantly at the oxygen flow rates of 3-5 L/min. However, PaCO2 did not seem to be influenced by the oxygen flow rates but the minute ventilation. Therefore, we concluded that the most important thing we should do for CO2 accumulation is careful observation to the patients for respiratory depression and obstruction.