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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e21308, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439523

ABSTRACT

Abstract Development of ceftriaxone loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to increase permeability of ceftriaxone across uninflamed meninges after parenteral administration. Lipids were selected by theoretical and experimental techniques and optimization of NLCs done by response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design. The Δδt for glyceryl monostearate and Capryol90 were 4.39 and 2.92 respectively. The drug had maximum solubility of 0.175% (w/w) in glycerol monostearate and 2.56g of Capryol90 dissolved 10mg of drug. The binary mixture consisted of glyceryl monostearate and Capryol90 in a ratio of 70:30. The optimized NLCs particle size was 130.54nm, polydispersity index 0.28, % entrapment efficiency 44.32%, zeta potential -29.05mV, and % drug loading 8.10%. In vitro permeability of ceftriaxone loaded NLCs was 5.06x10-6 cm/s; evidently, the NLCs pervaded through uninflamed meninges, which, was further confirmed from in vivo biodistribution studies. The ratio of drug concentration between brain and plasma for ceftriaxone loaded NLCs was 0.29 and that for ceftriaxone solution was 0.02. With 44.32% entrapment of the drug in NLCs the biodistribution of ceftriaxone was enhanced 7.9 times compared with that of ceftriaxone solution. DSC and XRD studies revealed formation of imperfect crystalline NLCs. NLCs improved permeability of ceftriaxone through uninflamed meninges resulting in better management of CNS infections.


Subject(s)
Ceftriaxone/agonists , Triage/classification , Lipids/analysis , X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Central Nervous System Infections/pathology
2.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 23(3): e20221456, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447512

ABSTRACT

Abstract We report the first record of a melanistic individual of the critically endangered Pampa cat (Leopardus munoai), from July 8th, 2021, at 10:45 am (coordinates 30.096288° S; 54.941139° W) in the area of the Brazilian army, known as Campo de Instrução Barão de São Borja (CIBSB), popularly known as Saicã.


Resumo: Este trabalho reporta o primeiro registro de melanismo do criticamente ameaçado de extinção gato-pampeano (Leopardus munoai), realizado em 8 de julho de 2021, às 10:45 da manhã. O registro foi obtido nas coordenadas 30.096288° S; 54.941139° W na área do exército brasileiro Campo de Instrução Barão de São Borja (CIBSB), popularmente conhecida como Saicã.

3.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 29(3): e22850, July-Set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409976

ABSTRACT

Resumen En la presente nota se describe la existencia de una nueva colonia reproductiva de Sternula lorata en Pampa El Palo, ubicado en el distrito y la provincia de Ilo, departamento de Moquegua. Entre agosto de 2016 y marzo de 2017 se registraron de 8 a 324 S. lorata y se encontraron 12 nidos activos. El área reproductiva comprende unas 600 ha y se caracteriza por ser una zona abierta con suelo de tipo arenoso y presencia de conchuelas. Esta especie enfrenta algunas amenazas antrópicas en el lugar, tales como el tránsito de vehículos motorizados, el paso de pescadores locales y la presencia de perros domésticos.


Abstract This note describes the existence of a new reproductive colony of Sternula lorata in Pampa El Palo, located in the district and province of Ilo, department of Moquegua. Between August 2016 and March 2017, 8 to 324 S. lorata were recorded and 12 active nests were found. The reproductive area comprises about 600 ha and is characterized by being an open area with sandy-type soil and the presence of shells. This species faces some anthropogenic threats in the area, such as the traffic of motorized vehicles, the passage of local fishermen and the presence of domestic dogs.

4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 28(3): 869-874, jul.-set. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339968

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este artículo describe el inicio de las preocupaciones sanitarias vinculadas a las epidemias ocurridas durante el siglo XX en La Pampa, provincia argentina. Las epidemias, como las de la viruela, fueron un estímulo para estas políticas que frecuentemente tuvieron origen en Buenos Aires, la capital del país. El contagio de muchas epidemias dependía de carencias de infraestructura: agua, desagüe y desecho adecuado de basuras, de la ausencia de un número suficiente de trabajadores de salud, de la presencia de vectores transmisores de enfermedades como los mosquitos y, en última instancia, de la pobreza. La experiencia histórica descrita en este texto resalta la importancia de analizar el impacto del SARS-CoV-2 más allá de las grandes ciudades.


Abstract This article describes the emergence of health concerns relating to the epidemics that occurred during the twentieth century in La Pampa, a province in Argentina. Epidemics such as smallpox drove such policies, which frequently originated in Buenos Aires, the country's capital. The spread of many epidemics was due to shortages: water, sewage and adequate refuse disposal, an insufficient number of health care workers, the presence of disease transmission vectors such as mosquitos, and, ultimately, poverty. The historical experience described in this text highlights the importance of analyzing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the big cities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , History, 20th Century , Smallpox/history , Epidemics/history , COVID-19/history , Argentina/epidemiology , Poverty/history , Sewage , Water Supply/history , Smallpox/prevention & control , Smallpox/epidemiology , Indians, South American/history , Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data , Refuse Disposal/history , Vaccination/history , Vaccination/legislation & jurisprudence , Cities/history , Cities/epidemiology , Health Personnel/history , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Disease Eradication/history , Disease Eradication/organization & administration , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Policy/history , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Insect Vectors , Military Personnel/history
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(1): 69-76, Feb. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153335

ABSTRACT

Abstract The essential oil (EO) composition of leaves of Campomanesia aurea was analyzed by GC-MS. The plant was collected in April (EOA) and October (EOO) in São Francisco de Assis/RS. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus. The yields were 4.44% in April, and 6.15%, in October. Thirty-one compounds were identified in EOA, accounting for 96.87% of the total, and twenty-eight compounds were identified in EOO, accounting for 99.46% of the total. For EOA, the major identified monoterpene was p-cymene (8.33%) and the major identified sesquiterpene was α-cadinol (10.72%), while regarding EOO the major identified monoterpene was repeatedly Terpinolene (3.43%), whereas the major identified sesquiterpene was α-cadinol (12.79%). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against the three Listeria monocytogenes from the American Type Culture Collection (strains ATCC 7644, 19114 and 13932). The essential oil showed a MIC of 10 mg/mL against the strains ATCC 7644 and 19114, with bacteriostatic effect of 20 mg/mL and a MIC of 20 mg/mL for ATCC 13932. Regarding the antibiofilm activity, o EOO showed the best results with an inhibition of 90% in the sessile growth with an applied concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.


Resumo O óleo essencial (EO) das folhas de Campomanesia aurea foi analisado por CG-EM. O A planta foi coletada em abril (OEA) e outubro (OEO) em São Francisco de Assis/RS. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em aparelho Clevenger modificado. Os rendimentos foram de 4,44% em abril e 6,15% em outubro. Trinta e um compostos foram identificados no EOA, representando 96,87% do total, e vinte e oito compostos foram identificados no EOO, representando 99,46% do total. Para EOA, o principal monoterpeno identificado foi o p-cimeno (8,33%) e o principal sesquiterpeno identificado foi o α-candinol (10,72%), enquanto o EOO o maior monoterpeno identificado foi repetidamente Terpinolene (3,43%), enquanto o sesquiterpeno principal identificado foi α-cadinol (12,79%). A atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial foi avaliada contra as três cepas de Listeria monocytogenes obtidas a partir da American Type Culture Collection (isolados ATCC 7644, 19114 and 13932). O óleo essencial apresentou uma CIM de 10 mg/mL contra as cepas ATCC 7644. e 19114, com efeito bacteriostático de 20 mg/mL e MIC de 20 mg/mL para ATCC 13932. Quanto à atividade antibiofilme, o EOO apresentou os melhores resultados com uma inibição de 90% no crescimento séssil com uma concentração aplicada de 4,0 mg/mL.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Listeria monocytogenes , Anti-Infective Agents , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Leaves
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06840, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1279532

ABSTRACT

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), West Nile virus (WNV), adenovirus (AV) and herpesvirus (HV) play an important role in the health of human and animal populations. However, knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses in wild birds is restricted to some groups (e.g. shorebirds) or regions worldwide. Information on grassland birds of South America, which is essential for their conservation, is scarce. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate occurrences of AIV, NDV, WNV, AV and HV for the first time in a bird community of a unique protected area in southern Brazil, which is home for the critically endangered yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata), and captive yellow cardinals from fauna maintainers of the Brazilian Captive Program of the Yellow Cardinal. Passerine species of wild life were caught, identified and samples (swabs) were collected from the oropharynx and cloaca of 64 passerines of 26 species (including 3 yellow cardinals) and 30 yellow cardinals of captive, for molecular diagnosis. The samples were subjected to RNA and DNA extraction and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for AIV, NDV and WNV and nested PCR for AV and HV. One yellow cardinal of captive presented a positive result for AV, this result is important for planning, managing natural attributes and making decisions in relation to integrated conservation of threatened species. This is the first report of AV in yellow cardinal and epidemiological investigation of viruses in wild passerines of the Pampa biome, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(AU)


Os vírus da gripe aviária (VGA), vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN), vírus do Nilo Ocidental (VNO), adenovírus (AV) e herpesvírus (HV) desempenham um papel importante na saúde das populações humana e animal. No entanto, o conhecimento da prevalência desses vírus em aves selvagens é restrito a alguns grupos (por exemplo, aves limícolas) ou regiões em todo o mundo. As informações sobre as aves campestres da América do Sul, essenciais para a sua conservação, são escassas. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a ocorrência de VGA, VDN, VNO, AV e HV pela primeira vez em uma comunidade de aves de uma área única protegida no Sul do Brasil, que abriga o cardeal-amarelo (Gubernatrix cristata) criticamente ameaçado de extinção e em cardeais-amarelos de cativeiro dos mantenedores de fauna do Programa Brasileiro de Cativeiro do Cardeal-amarelo. Espécies de passeriformes silvestres foram capturadas, identificadas e amostras (swabs) foram coletadas da orofaringe e cloaca de 64 passeriformes de 26 espécies (incluindo 3 cardeais-amarelos) e 30 cardeais-amarelos de cativeiro, para diagnóstico molecular. As amostras foram submetidas à extração de RNA e DNA e à reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) para VGA, VDN e VNO e nested PCR para AV e HV. Um cardeal-amarelo de cativeiro apresentou resultado positivo para AV, este resultado é importante para o planejamento, manejo dos atributos naturais e tomada de decisões em relação à conservação integrada de espécies ameaçadas. Este é o primeiro relato de AV em cardeal-amarelo e de investigação epidemiológica de vírus em passeriformes silvestres do bioma Pampa, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , West Nile virus , Birds/virology , Newcastle disease virus , Endangered Species , Passeriformes/virology , Influenza in Birds , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487675

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), West Nile virus (WNV), adenovirus (AV) and herpesvirus (HV) play an important role in the health of human and animal populations. However, knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses in wild birds is restricted to some groups (e.g. shorebirds) or regions worldwide. Information on grassland birds of South America, which is essential for their conservation, is scarce. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate occurrences of AIV, NDV, WNV, AV and HV for the first time in a bird community of a unique protected area in southern Brazil, which is home for the critically endangered yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata), and captive yellow cardinals from fauna maintainers of the Brazilian Captive Program of the Yellow Cardinal. Passerine species of wild life were caught, identified and samples (swabs) were collected from the oropharynx and cloaca of 64 passerines of 26 species (including 3 yellow cardinals) and 30 yellow cardinals of captive, for molecular diagnosis. The samples were subjected to RNA and DNA extraction and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for AIV, NDV and WNV and nested PCR for AV and HV. One yellow cardinal of captive presented a positive result for AV, this result is important for planning, managing natural attributes and making decisions in relation to integrated conservation of threatened species. This is the first report of AV in yellow cardinal and epidemiological investigation of viruses in wild passerines of the Pampa biome, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.


RESUMO: Os vírus da gripe aviária (VGA), vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN), vírus do Nilo Ocidental (VNO), adenovírus (AV) e herpesvírus (HV) desempenham um papel importante na saúde das populações humana e animal. No entanto, o conhecimento da prevalência desses vírus em aves selvagens é restrito a alguns grupos (por exemplo, aves limícolas) ou regiões em todo o mundo. As informações sobre as aves campestres da América do Sul, essenciais para a sua conservação, são escassas. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a ocorrência de VGA, VDN, VNO, AV e HV pela primeira vez em uma comunidade de aves de uma área única protegida no Sul do Brasil, que abriga o cardeal-amarelo (Gubernatrix cristata) criticamente ameaçado de extinção e em cardeais-amarelos de cativeiro dos mantenedores de fauna do Programa Brasileiro de Cativeiro do Cardeal-amarelo. Espécies de passeriformes silvestres foram capturadas, identificadas e amostras (swabs) foram coletadas da orofaringe e cloaca de 64 passeriformes de 26 espécies (incluindo 3 cardeais-amarelos) e 30 cardeais-amarelos de cativeiro, para diagnóstico molecular. As amostras foram submetidas à extração de RNA e DNA e à reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) para VGA, VDN e VNO e nested PCR para AV e HV. Um cardeal-amarelo de cativeiro apresentou resultado positivo para AV, este resultado é importante para o planejamento, manejo dos atributos naturais e tomada de decisões em relação à conservação integrada de espécies ameaçadas. Este é o primeiro relato de AV em cardeal-amarelo e de investigação epidemiológica de vírus em passeriformes silvestres do bioma Pampa, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190222, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057276

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The genus Haemagogus Williston is restricted to Central America and North and middle of South America and it includes numerous species of yellow fever virus vectors. METHODS: Adult female and larvae mosquitoes were collected using hand aspirators and dipper and pipette, respectively. RESULTS: The first record of a species of Haemagogus and particularly of Haemagogus spegazzinii was from La Pampa, Argentina. With this registry, the number of species found in La Pampa province rises to 18. CONCLUSIONS: New information on breeding sites for the species and implications of this new record suggest a possible extension of distribution in the near future.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mosquito Vectors/classification , Culicidae/classification , Argentina , Yellow Fever/transmission
9.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(9): e20190378, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133327

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two rest intervals between grazing on the structural characteristics of pasture and performance of beef heifers in Campos grassland under rotational grazing. The treatments were two intervals between 375 and 750 DD (degree-days) grazing, based on the cumulative thermal sum for leaf expansion of native grasses belonging to capture and conservation groups of resources dominant in a natural grassland. The experiment was conducted during 151 days from October 2015 to March 2016, and twenty-four Braford heifers tests mean age = 12 months; mean body weight = 220kg (± 27.8) were used. The pre-grazing total forage mass (FMt) was on average 3791 kgMSha-1 and did not differ between treatments and season, the same occurred with the non-tussock FM. The average stocking rate was 469 kg ha-1 in both treatments. The average daily gain varied only between seasons, 0.102 kg animal-1 day-1 during spring and 0.372 kg animal-1 day-1 during summer. During the 151 evaluation days, the gain per area was a 103 kgha-1. The use of rest intervals between grazing based on the leaf elongation of dominant grasses, when applied to the areas of Campos grasslands, provided nutritional conditions to reach the target body weight for breeding 24 months old beef heifers.


RESUMO: O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de dois intervalos de descanso entre pastoreios nas características estruturais do pasto e desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagens naturais manejadas em pastejo rotativo. Os tratamentos foram dois intervalos entre pastejos de 375 e 750 GD (graus dia), baseados na soma térmica da duração de elongação foliar média de gramíneas de grupos de captura e conservação dos recursos dominantes de uma pastagem natural. O experimento foi conduzido no período de outubro de 2015 a março de 2016, com duração de 151 dias e os períodos experimentais divididos em primavera e verão. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas teste da raça Braford, com idade inicial na média de 12 meses, e de peso corporal médio de 220 kg (± 27,8). A Massa de forragem total (FMt) pré-pastejo foi em média de 3791 kgMSha-1 e não diferiu entre tratamentos e estação, o mesmo ocorreu com a FM de estrato não touceira. A taxa de lotação média foi de 469 kgha-1 em ambos os tratamentos. O ganho médio diário variou apenas entre estações, com médias de 0,102 kganimal-1dia-1 na primavera e 0,372 kganimal-1dia-1 no verão. O ganho por área durante os 151 dias de avaliação foi em média de 103 kgha-1. As pastagens naturais submetidas a intervalos de descanso entre pastoreios baseados na elongação foliar de gramíneas dominantes, independente do tratamento utilizado, proporcionam ritmos de ganhos médios diários compatíveis com a meta de peso corporal, a ser atingida aos 24 meses, para que as novilhas possam ser acasaladas.

10.
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal ; (24): 646-653, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-858032

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the dissolution behaviors of glimepiride tablets from two manufacturers, and investigate the correlation between dissolution and absorption. METHODS: The solubility and permeability of glimepiride in different pH media were determined, and the biopharmaceutical characteristics of glimepiride tablets were studied and analyzed. The dissolution curves of glimepiride tablets in different media were plotted by the second dissolution method. The dissolution behaviors of glimepiride tablets from two manufacturers were studied and compared. Based on the data of dissolution curves in vitro, the correlation between dissolution and absorption of glimepiride tablets was studied by computer simulation. The virtual bioequivalence study of the two preparations was evaluated in silico. RESULTS: The solubility of glimepiride increased with the increase of pH value; the permeability decreased with the increase of pH value; the dissolution of glimepiride tablets was less than 10% in the media of pH 1.2 and pH 5.0; the dissolution of principal components in the media of pH 6.0-7.4, FaSSIF and FeSSIF ranged from 20% to 90%; the dissolution and absorption of glimepiride tablets in FaSSIF showed high correlation. CONCLUSION: Glimepiride is classified as a BCS Ⅱ class drug (low solubility and high permeability drugs).The dissolution amount and rate of glimepiride tablets increase with the increase of pH value of the medium. The dissolution curves of glimepiride tablets in media of pH 1.2, pH 6.0, pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 could be used as the characteristic dissolution curves of the preparation. The reference preparation A and generic preparation B of glimepiride tablets are similar in dissolution behavior and shows bioequivalence in the virtual bioequivalence study (n=24). This study can provide reference for drug formulation screening, biopharmaceuticals classification determination and bioequivalence risk assessment.

11.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(5): 1258-1263, sept./oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967314

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to test stem apex sizes in the in vitro establishing of Angelonia integerrima in order to obtain explants without by fungi and bacteria contamination for further multiplications. The treatments consisted of different stem apex sizes (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0 mm). At 45 and 90 days of cultivation, a count of contaminated explants and a count of shoots per explant formed were performed. In a second experiment, explants were cultivated in a medium containing different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg L-1). After 56 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: shoot length, shoot fresh mass and number of shoots. During the explant establishment phase (45 days), only stem apexes with 1.0 mm in size were not contaminated. However, in the second subculture (at 90 days), only shoots from initial explants, with 7 mm in size or larger, were contaminated. Regarding multiplication, the presence of BAP showed a positive linear behavior for all variables. It is possible to obtain A. integerrima seedlings free of contamination in vitro by fungi and bacteria, using initial explants less than or equal to 5 mm. IBA provided a linear increment for the multiplication of this species.


O objetivo do trabalho foi testar tamanhos de ápices caulinares no estabelecimento in vitro de Angelonia integerrima, a fim de obter explantes sem contaminações por fungos e bactérias para posterior multiplicação. Os tratamentos consistiram de tamanhos de ápices caulinares: 1,0; 3,0; 5,0; 7,0; 9,0 e 11,0 mm. Após 45 e 90 dias de cultivo foi realizada a contagem de explantes contaminados e o número de brotos formados por explante. Em um segundo experimento, explantes foram cultivados em meio contendo diferentes concentrações de benzilaminopurina (BAP): 0,0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg L-1. Após 56 dias de cultivo foram avaliados: comprimento e massa fresca da parte aérea e número de brotos. Durante a fase de estabelecimento (45 dias), somente explantes com 1,0 mm não apresentaram contaminação, já no segundo subcultivo (aos 90 dias) somente brotações oriundas de explantes com tamanho inicial igual ou superior a 7 mm apresentaram contaminação. Com relação à multiplicação, a presença de BAP apresentou comportamento linear positivo para todas as variáveis analisadas. É possível obter mudas de A. integerrima livres de contaminações in vitro por fungos e bactérias, utilizando explantes iniciais menores ou iguais a 5 mm. O BAP proporcionou incremento linear para a multiplicação da espécie.


Subject(s)
Bacteria , Grassland , Plantaginaceae , Fungi
12.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 17(3): 286-301, mayo 2018. mapas, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-915376

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio registra el uso, conocimiento tradicional y distribución de la flora silvestre en las ocho comunidades campesinas andinas que rodean al Santuario Histórico de la Pampa de Ayacucho, ubicada en el distrito de Quinua, Perú. La metodología se basó en la recolección de la flora silvestre utilizada por los pobladores, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Se reportan 137 especies utilizadas, agrupadas en 49 familias y 101 géneros, siendo las familias Asteraceae, Poaceae y Fabaceae las de mayor número de especies, con 34, 11 y 9 especies respectivamente. Las especies fueron clasificadas en nueve categorías de usos, siendo las categorías Medicinal (91 especies), Social (46 especies) y Alimenticio (35 especies) las más representativas por el número de especies que presentan. Se concluye que los pobladores del área de estudio aún conservan el conocimiento tradicional de sus recursos vegetales, evidenciado en el número de especies y en la diversidad de usos que presentan.


This study records the use, traditional knowledge and distribution of the wild flora in the eight Andean rural communities surrounding the Pampa de Ayacucho Historic Sanctuary, placed in the Quinua District, Peru. The methodology was based on the collection of the wild flora used by local people, open and semi-structured interviews. A total of 137 species used, grouped in 49 families and 101 genera, were registered; Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae are the families with the highest number of species, with 34, 11 and 9 species respectively. The species were classified into nine categories of uses; being the categories Medicinal (91 species), Social (46 species) and Food (35 species) being the most representative by the number of species present. We conclude that people living in the study area still maintaining the traditional knowledge of their vegetal resources, evidenced by the number of species and the diversity of uses that they present.


Subject(s)
Humans , Flora , Ethnobotany , Peru , Rural Areas , Surveys and Questionnaires , Natural Reservations , Biodiversity , Wilderness
13.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(1): 195-221, Jan. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895555

ABSTRACT

O membro torácico é a parte do esqueleto pós-craniano que mais informações oferece sobre a locomoção e hábitos de vida de uma espécie. Objetivou-se realizar uma descrição macroscópica, comparativa, radiográfica e osteométrica do esqueleto do membro torácico de Lycalopex gymnocercus. Para tal foram analisados ossos de 24 espécimes adultos coletados mortos em rodovias. Foram realizadas descrições macroscópicas e comparadas com as de outros canídeos, imagens radiográficas para reconhecimento dos padrões de trabeculação e topografia óssea, mensurações lineares e tridimensionais e avaliações histológicas das clavículas. O esqueleto do membro torácico de L. gymnocercus apresentou adaptações morfofuncionais em todos os segmentos para a locomoção cursorial especializada e alguma capacidade de pronação e supinação para captura de presas de porte menor. Houve uma tendência de os ossos serem maiores nos machos, especialmente na região distal do úmero, presumivelmente para a fixação de músculos antebraquiais mais fortes. A clavícula vestigial foi encontrada em todos os espécimes, teve natureza predominantemente cartilagínea e foi significativamente maior nos machos. A conformação básica do esqueleto do membro torácico foi semelhante à dos canídeos domésticos e silvestres descritos na literatura, ainda que particularidades de L. gymnocercus sejam encontradas.(AU)


The forelimb is the part of the post-cranial skeleton that provides more information about locomotion and life habits of a species. The objective of this study was to perform a detailed macroscopic, comparative, radiographic and osteometric investigation of the thoracic limb of Lycalopex gymnocercus. Twenty-four adult specimens collected dead from roadkill were studied. Analysis included macroscopic and comparative descriptions to other canids, radiographic images for recognition of trabeculation patterns and topographical arrangement of bones, linear and three-dimensional measurements, and histological evaluation of the clavicles. The forelimb skeleton of L. gymnocercus presented morphological and functional adaptations in every segment for a specialized cursorial locomotion and some ability to pronation and supination for capture of small vertebrates. There was a tendency for the bones to be longer in males, especially in the distal end of humerus, presumably to fixation of stronger antebrachial muscles. The vestigial clavicle bone was found in all the specimens, had a predominantly cartilaginous nature and was significantly larger in males. The basic conformation of the forelimb skeleton was similar to that of domestic and wild canids described in the literature, although peculiar characteristics of L. gymnocercus have been found.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Canidae/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology , Musculoskeletal System/anatomy & histology , Radiography, Thoracic/veterinary
14.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 18(3): e20180530, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951185

ABSTRACT

Abstract This work aimed to catalog the species of reptiles of the Sinos River Basin based on records from scientific collections and data collected in the field. We recorded 65 species, including 46 snakes, nine lizards, five turtles, four amphisbaenians and one caiman. Snakes composed most of the recorded specimens (91.3%), and the three most representative are venomous and of medical importance. The most urban region of the basin (Lowland) has the highest number of records. This fact may be a reflection of the high human population density in this region, which would have favored the encounter of specimens and their sending to scientific collections and research centers. It is worth highlighting that most species with few specimens in the collections are also rarely observed in the wild, such as Clelia hussani and Urostrophus vautieri. This observation makes it feasible that these populations are small or that they are declining.


Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo catalogar as espécies de répteis da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sinos com base em registros de coleções científicas e dados coletados em campo. Registramos 65 espécies, incluindo 46 serpentes, nove lagartos, cinco tartarugas, quatro anfisbenas e um jacaré. As serpentes compuseram a maioria dos espécimes registrados (91,3%), e as três espécies mais representativas são peçonhentas e de importância médica. A região mais urbana da bacia (planície) possui o maior número de registros. Este fato pode ser um reflexo da alta densidade populacional humana nesta região, o que teria favorecido o encontro de espécimes e seu envio para coleções científicas e centros de pesquisa. Vale ressaltar que a maioria das espécies com poucos exemplares nas coleções também são raramente observadas na natureza, como Clelia hussani e Urostrophus vautieri. Esta observação torna viável que essas populações sejam pequenas ou que estejam em declínio.

15.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 18(4): e20180551, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951203

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The regional knowledge of species diversity and distribution is important to support conservation strategies for species and their habitats. The main goal of this work is to present a checklist of Odonata species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as their known locations in the municipalities. The preparation of the list was based in data gathered from collections of Museu de Ciências da Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoootânica, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) plus data extracted from 65 publications and the sites SpeciesLink, All Odonata and Puget Sound University. A total of 182 Odonata species were recorded, spanning nine families and 57 genera. The most representative family was Libellulidae (80 species) followed by Coenagrionidae (41 species) and seven species are new records for Rio Grande do Sul. The list of species presented here is a significant advance compared to previous counts for Rio Grande do Sul, however, our list is by no means a final one. Some regions of the state remain poorly explored, such as the border to Uruguay also in the northernmost part of the state. Several families remain poorly sampled, especially those that inhabit small forested streams and probably there are many specimens which are not cataloged and identified yet in scientific collections, both in the state and in the country.


Resumo: O conhecimento regional da diversidade e da distribuição das espécies é importante para subsidiar estratégias de conservação tanto para as espécies e seus respectivos habitats. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma lista de espécies de Odonata que ocorrem no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como suas localizações conhecidas nos municípios. Para a elaboração da lista, foram utilizados dados das coleções do Museu de Ciências da UNIVATES, do Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoo-Botânica e do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) somados à dados extraídos de 65 publicações e dos sites SpeciesLink, All Odonata e Puget Sound University. Um total de 182 espécies de Odonata foram registradas, abrangendo nove famílias e 57 gêneros. A família mais representativa foi Libellulidae (80 espécies) seguida por Coenagrionidae (41 espécies). Além do mais, sete espécies são novos registros para o Rio Grande do Sul. A lista de espécies aqui apresentada demonstra um avanço significativo em relação às contagens anteriores para o Rio Grande do Sul, no entanto, nossa lista não é de forma alguma final. Algumas regiões do estado continuam pouco exploradas, como aquelas que fazem fronteira com o Uruguai ou estão mais ao norte do Estado. Várias famílias permanecem mal amostradas, especialmente aquelas que habitam pequenos córregos em florestas e, provavelmente, existem muitos exemplares que ainda não estão catalogados e identificados em coleções científicas, tanto no estado quanto no país.

16.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 49(3): 227-234, set. 2017. ilus, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-958003

ABSTRACT

Las amebas de vida libre del género Acanthamoeba incluyen cepas patógenas y no patógenas que actualmente se encuentran clasificadas en 18 genotipos diferentes (T1-T18). Se llevó a cabo un relevamiento para determinar la presencia de cepas de Acanthamoeba en agua de bebida para consumo ganadero en la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Las muestras fueron sembradas en agar no nutritivo. La identificación de cepas de Acanthamoeba se realizó mediante polymerase chain reaction con los primers JDP1/JDP2 específicos para género. De las 65 muestras tomadas, 13 fueron positivas a Acanthamoeba spp. Estas fueron caracterizadas a nivel de genotipo mediante la secuenciación del fragmento DF3. Los resultados de la secuenciación revelaron la presencia de los genotipos T4, T5 y T15 dentro de las muestras estudiadas, siendo la más frecuente la T4. Nuestro estudio revela importancia de la presencia de Acanthamoeba en el ambiente ganadero y la necesidad de realizar más estudios, para asociar la presencia de estos organismos y el papel que cumplen en patologías veterinarias. Este es el primer estudio en la provincia de La Pampa que demuestra la presencia de Acanthamoeba y el primero estudiado a nivel de genotipo de Argentina.


Free-living Amoebae of Acanthamoeba genus include non-pathogenic and pathogenic strains that are currently classified in 18 different genotypes, T1-T18. In this study, a survey was carried out to evaluate the presence of Acanthamoeba strains inwatering trough sample in La Pampa province, Argentina. Sample were inoculated onto non-nutrient agar plates and were checked for the presence of Acanthamoeba. Polymerase chain reaction was performed with genus-specific primers JDP1/JDP2, followed by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product for molecular identification. Sequencing results revealed the presence of T4, T5 and T15 genotypes within the studied samples. Sequencing revealed presence of T4, T5 and T15 in the samples studied genotypes, the most frequent T4. Our study reveals importance of the presence of Acanthamoeba in the livestock environment and the need for further studies to associate the presence of these organisms and the role in veterinary pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the presence Acanthamoeba in La Pampa province and the first study at the genotype level in Argentina.


Subject(s)
Water Microbiology , Acanthamoeba , Argentina , Acanthamoeba/isolation & purification , Acanthamoeba/genetics , Water , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genotype
17.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 61(3): 248-256, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045456

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although members of Drosophilidae are frequently the topic of ecological studies in Brazil, few have explored Restinga or, until only recently, Pampa biome environments. This study proposes to describe the diversity and temporal variation of the Drosophilidae assemblage from a Restinga forest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We performed monthly collections from February 2013 to January 2014 using yeasted banana-baited traps. A total of 25,093 individuals of 46 species were sampled. Drosophila simulans and the D. willistoni subgroup were the dominant taxa; D. polymorpha, D. immigrans, D. paraguayensis and Zygothrica orbitalis were of intermediate abundance, and the other 40 species were rare. Based on sampling effort estimators, our collections were sufficient. Jaccard and Morisita indices evaluated using ANOSIM reveal little similarity in the composition of samples across months. Canonical correspondence analysis shows that the variables of maximum and minimum temperature are the main factors responsible for differentiation of the species composition of the assemblage throughout the year, whereby collections in the coldest periods (July, August and September) are those with a more differentiated composition. In these months, the dominance of D. simulans and the D. willistoni subgroup decreases while increased abundance of the D. tripunctata group (as D. paraguayensis) and Z. orbitalis occurs. In comparison to other studies carried out in environments in southernmost Brazil, we observed a similar pattern of fluctuation in abundance over the year, with a higher abundance of dominant species in warmer months and population sizes decreasing in colder months.

18.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(3): 659-661, July-Sept. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888784

ABSTRACT

Abstract Herein, we provide new occurrence records of Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. All new records here provide are located on Southern half of the state. Besides this, we provide the first record for species in Brazilian coastal zone. Those records improve considerably our knowledge regarding species distribution in Southern Brazil.


Resumo Aqui, nós fornecemos novos registros de ocorrência de Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862) para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. Todos os novos registros aqui fornecidos estão localizados na metade sul do estado. Além disso, nós fornecemos o primeiro registro para a espécie na zona costeira brasileira. Esses registros melhoram consideravelmente o nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição da espécie no Sul do Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anura/physiology , Animal Distribution , Brazil
19.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(3): e170057, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895099

ABSTRACT

A new species of Ituglanis associated to the grasslands of the Pampa biome is described from the rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the low number of ribs and by a unique color pattern composed of an outer layer with scattered round black blotches equivalent in size to the eye circumference over a reddish brown background on the lateral surface of the body. We provide the genetic sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c Oxydase subunit I (COI) for three of the paratypes and discuss aspects about the recent discovery of the new species.(AU)


Uma nova espécie de Ituglanis, associada aos campos do bioma Pampa, é descrita para a bacia do rio Uruguai no sul do Brasil. A nova espécie distingue-se de todos seus congêneres pelo pequeno número de costelas e por um padrão de coloração único que consiste de manchas pretas arredondadas de tamanho equivalente à circunferência do olho sobre um fundo marrom avermelhado na superfície lateral do corpo. Sequências genéticas do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I (COI) para três dos parátipos são fornecidas, e aspectos sobre a recente descoberta da nova espécie são discutidos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Catfishes/classification , Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics
20.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467392

ABSTRACT

Abstract The essential oil (EO) composition of leaves of Campomanesia aurea was analyzed by GC-MS. The plant was collected in April (EOA) and October (EOO) in São Francisco de Assis/RS. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus. The yields were 4.44% in April, and 6.15%, in October. Thirty-one compounds were identified in EOA, accounting for 96.87% of the total, and twenty-eight compounds were identified in EOO, accounting for 99.46% of the total. For EOA, the major identified monoterpene was p-cymene (8.33%) and the major identified sesquiterpene was -cadinol (10.72%), while regarding EOO the major identified monoterpene was repeatedly Terpinolene (3.43%), whereas the major identified sesquiterpene was -cadinol (12.79%). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against the three Listeria monocytogenes from the American Type Culture Collection (strains ATCC 7644, 19114 and 13932). The essential oil showed a MIC of 10 mg/mL against the strains ATCC 7644 and 19114, with bacteriostatic effect of 20 mg/mL and a MIC of 20 mg/mL for ATCC 13932. Regarding the antibiofilm activity, o EOO showed the best results with an inhibition of 90% in the sessile growth with an applied concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.


Resumo O óleo essencial (EO) das folhas de Campomanesia aurea foi analisado por CG-EM. O A planta foi coletada em abril (OEA) e outubro (OEO) em São Francisco de Assis/RS. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em aparelho Clevenger modificado. Os rendimentos foram de 4,44% em abril e 6,15% em outubro. Trinta e um compostos foram identificados no EOA, representando 96,87% do total, e vinte e oito compostos foram identificados no EOO, representando 99,46% do total. Para EOA, o principal monoterpeno identificado foi o p-cimeno (8,33%) e o principal sesquiterpeno identificado foi o -candinol (10,72%), enquanto o EOO o maior monoterpeno identificado foi repetidamente Terpinolene (3,43%), enquanto o sesquiterpeno principal identificado foi -cadinol (12,79%). A atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial foi avaliada contra as três cepas de Listeria monocytogenes obtidas a partir da American Type Culture Collection (isolados ATCC 7644, 19114 and 13932). O óleo essencial apresentou uma CIM de 10 mg/mL contra as cepas ATCC 7644. e 19114, com efeito bacteriostático de 20 mg/mL e MIC de 20 mg/mL para ATCC 13932. Quanto à atividade antibiofilme, o EOO apresentou os melhores resultados com uma inibição de 90% no crescimento séssil com uma concentração aplicada de 4,0 mg/mL.

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