Aportes del sector de la salud a la economía cubana (2004-2013) / Health care sector contributions to the Cuban economy 2004-2013

Introducción: el valor de los servicios ofrecidos por el sector de la salud pública retribuye el peso sustancial de sus asignaciones presupuestarias y el nivel de inversión en este sector del producto interno bruto, cuestión que repercute en los resultados económicos de la nación. Objetivo: describir la relación entre los resultados de la economía cubana y el aporte del sector de la salud. Métodos: estudio longitudinal de las asignaciones presupuestarias, nivel de inversión del producto interno bruto al sector de la salud y el aporte de la salud a este producto en el período 2004-2013. Resultados: durante el periodo estudiado, la economía cubana mantuvo un discreto crecimiento asociado, entre otros elementos, al aporte del sector de la salud a la formación del producto interno bruto según la metodología de cálculo establecida; de la misma manera, se comportaron los niveles de asignación presupuestaria a ese sector. Conclusiones: la existencia de una estrecha relación entre los resultados del producto interno bruto, el presupuesto total y su asignación al sector de la salud y el aporte de este sector, refleja la complementariedad que existe entre estos aspectos. La brecha entre los niveles de asignación presupuestaria y los aportes del sector de la salud a la economía, pueden explicar la capacidad de incremento de los niveles presupuestarios al sector, de forma tal que le permita perfeccionar los servicios prestados. El sector de la salud es uno de los líderes en la economía cubana actual(AU)

Introduction: the value of services offered by the public health sector repays the substantial weight of the budget allocations and the level of investment from the gross domestic product; this is an issue that affects the economic outcomes of the nation. Objective: to describe the relationship between the results of the Cuban economy and the contribution made by the health care sector in the 2004-2013 period. Methods: a longitudinal study of budgetary allocations, level of investment of the gross domestic product into the health care sector and the contribution of this sector to the said product from 2004 to 2013. Results: during the study period, the Cuban economy kept a modest growth associated, among other elements, to the contribution of the health care sector to the formation of the domestic gross product under the set estimation methodology, whereas the level of budget allocations to health have behaved the same. Conclusions: the close relationship among the results of gross domestic product, the total budget allocation to health and the contribution of the health care sector shows that these aspects complement each other. The gap between the levels of budget allocation and the contributions of the health sector accounts for the increased capacity of budget allocations to the sector in order to improve the rendered services. The health care sector is one of the leading areas in the present Cuban economy(AU)

Interferência de plantas daninhas no estabelecimento do trevo branco como cultura forrageira / Interference of weeds in the establishment of white clover as forage crop

A interferência das plantas daninhas é um dos principais fatores que influencia no estabelecimento das pastagens e, dentro das pastagens, o trevo branco é uma importante Fabaceae utilizada na alimentação animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas sobre o trevo branco, o qual foi submetido a períodos de convivência e de controle do mato. Foram realizados levantamentos fitossociológicos em cada período de convivência da cultura com a comunidade infestante e aos 119 dias para os períodos de controle de convívio. Os dados de produção de matéria seca de trevo branco foram ajustados ao modelo de regressão não linear sigmoidal de Boltzmann, adotando-se um nível de redução da produtividade de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que o período anterior à interferência (PAI) foi de 20 dias após a emergência (DAE), o período total, de prevenção à interferência, foi 82DAE e o período crítico, de prevenção à interferência, foi de 62 dias. As perdas de produtividade por matocompetição podem chegar a 96%, sendo necessário o controle das plantas daninhas aos 20DAE, prolongando-se até aos 62DAE.

Interference of weeds is a major factor influencing the establishment of pastures and rangeland in the white clover is an important Fabaceae used in animal feed. The objective of this study was to determine the periods of weed interference on the white clover, which was subjected to periods living and weed control. Phytosociological surveys were conducted in each period of coexistence of culture with weeds and 119 days for the control periods of conviviality. Data on dry matter production of white clover were adjusted to model nonlinear regression sigmoidal Boltzmann, adopting a tolerance level of yield reduction of 5%. The results revealed that the period before interference was 20 days after emergence (DAE), the total period of interference prevention was 82DAE and the critical period of interference prevention were 62 days. Productivity losses by weed competition can reach 96%, requiring weed control at 20DAE, extending up to 62DAE.

Construction and expression efficiency of the recombinant plasmid pBI-Eg95 of Echinococcus granulosus in the agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To construct the recombinant plasmid pBI-Eg95 of E.granulosus,and to study its expression efficiency in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens(At) LBA4404 strain.Methods:Total RNA was extracted from hydatid cyst protoscoleces shattered by supersound.The Eg95 coding gene was amplified by RT-PCR,and then was cloned into the plant expression vector pBI121 to construct the recombinant plasmid pBI-Eg95.The recombinant plasmid was electroporated into At(LBA4404) strain.The recombinant At(rAt) was induced by IPTG for 0,1,3,5,7,9,11or13 hour,respectively.The expression product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay.Results:The 471bp Eg95 coding gene was successfully amplified,and the recombinant pBI-Eg95 plasmid was successfully constructed,which was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and PCR.The recombinant plasmid pBI-Eg95 was expressed successfully in the rAt,and the expression product with an approximately Mr of 16.5 kD could be detected by sera from mice infected by E.granulosus,and the expression efficiency was about 20 percent of the total bacterial protein.Conclusion:The recombinant plasmid could provide the basis for further research of the transgenic plant vaccine of E.granulosus.

Cloning, Sequencing of Suaeda heteroptera kitag CMO cDNA and Construction of its Recombinant Plant Expression Vector / 中国生物工程杂志

Total RNA was extracted from leaf of Suaeda hetroptera kitag, then the CMO ( choline monooxygenase) cDNA was amplified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) method and cloned into pMD-T-simple vector. The positive clones from the Blue/White Screen were sequenced. After confirming its validity, the CMO gene fragment was cloned into pBI121 vector. Double enzyme restriction and PCR analysis indicated that the pBI121/CMO recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed.

Construction of the High Throughput Technology for Screening Osmotic Stress Relevant Genes / 中国生物工程杂志

With the development of functional genomics, high throughput analysis of genes’ function has been the mainstream of research, and exogenous gene's over expression via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most commonly used method in gene functional analysis.The versatile plant expression vector cassette named pBHT-5 was constructed by the method of site-specific mutagenesis based on pBI121. First of all, the restriction enzyme SfiI recognition site in trfA gene (X00713) which was relevant to plasmid replication and stability was replaced without changing its amino acid composition. And then the SfiIA,SfiIB sites were added between promoter CaMV35s and terminator NOS. The versatile plant expression vector cassette can be directly used to construct plant expression vector containing the full-length genes cloned by Clontech SMARTTM technology, which will raise the efficiency of vector construction. The result will provide basis of new genes’ high throughput screening and functional analysis, then get the new genes functioning in plant osmotic stress resistance.

Thyroid hormone economy in normal pregnancy

Thyroid hormone economy was studied in 35 pregnant euthyroid non-goitrous women. PBI was found to be significantly increased by 1.66 ug/100 ml over the control value. Mean PBI value was within normal limits. No alteration in the dialyzable fraction or free thyroxine was found. The absolute concentration of thyroxine was increased. Evaluation of the binding capacity of the carrier proteins in serum showed no change in TBG but an increase in TBPA compared to control levels. (Summary)

Protein bound iodine in normal pregnancy

Protein-bound iodine (PBI) has been reported to be evaluated during normal pregnancy by foreign investigators. This study on 103 normal pregnant Filipino women, however, showed the mean PBI value to be within normal limits, 6.76 +/- 0.1754 ugms/100 ml serum. The mean PBI values of each trimester was found to be also within normal limits; 6.03 +/- .3331 in the first trimester; 6.96 +/- .2983 in the second trimester and 6.89 +/- .2618 in the third trimester. (Summary)