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RESUMO Embora o acesso de pessoas com deficiência (PcD) ao trabalho venha se intensificando ante uma tendência global de humanização, a parcela desse segmento populacional formalmente empregada ainda está longe do esperado. Visando problematizar tal cenário, este artigo buscou compreender como as produções científicas têm discutido sobre PcD no contexto de trabalho brasileiro. Mediante revisão sistemática de literatura publicada de 2010 a 2021 nas bases de dados Web of Science, Spell e Periódicos Capes, dentre outros critérios, chegou-se a um corpus de 33 artigos para subsidiar as análises. Por fim, constatou-se que, apesar dos avanços normativos e culturais, persistem algumas barreiras urbanísticas, arquitetônicas, nos transportes, na comunicação e informação, atitudinais e tecnológicas, que desencadeiam dificuldades relacionadas à acessibilidade, ao preconceito e à discriminação. Tais obstáculos dificultam a inclusão das PcD no contexto laboral e demandam ações das organizações que, aliadas a atuações complementares das famílias dessas pessoas e do Estado, têm o potencial de viabilizar efetivas transformações sociais.
ABSTRACT Although the access of people with disabilities (PwD) to work is intensifying due to a global trend of humanization, the portion of this segment that is formally employed is still tiny. In order to problematize such a scenario, this article sought to understand how scientific productions have been discussing PwD in the Brazilian work context. From a systematic review of literature published from 2010 to 2021 in the Web of Science, Spell and CAPES Periodicals databases, among other criteria, a corpus of 33 articles was reached to support the analyses. Finally, it was found that, despite the normative and cultural advances, some urban, architectural, transport, communication and information, attitudinal and technological barriers persist, which trigger difficulties related to accessibility, prejudice and discrimination. Such obstacles make it impossible to include PwD in the work context and demand actions from organizations that, combined with complementary actions by the families of these people and the State, have the potential to enable effective social transformations.
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Background: Globally and especially in the under developing nations Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality. All women who deliver are at risk of complications of third stage of labor. Multiple researches have been done to compare active vs expectant management of third stage of labor. Placental Cord Drainage (PCD), one of the active method for control of third stage of labor, incudes opening of clamp from mother’s side of umbilical cord thereby allowing the blood from placenta to flow freely immediately after clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord. Aim: Thus, the following study was conducted to assess the effect of PCD via umbilical cord in decreasing the time period of third stage of labor and incidence of PPH. Materials and Methods: This hospital based comparative study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur. A total of 300 consecutive patients with term pregnancy (>37 weeks) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were taken after informed consent. These were divided into two groups of 150 cases each, study group (PCD group) and control group. The various parameters like blood loss, need for transfusion, duration of third stage of labor, manual removal of placenta, hospital stay, secondary PPH (after 24 hours and before 6 weeks) were noted for every female. Statistical analysis was done using t-test for quantitative data, nonparametric data was analyzed by Mann Whitney test and categorical data was analyzed using chisquare test. The significance threshold of p-value was set at <0.05. All analysis was carried out by using SPSS software version 21. Results: Average blood loss was significantly less in subjects of drainage group as compared to control group (273.8 ml vs 391.2 ml; p<0.05). Also, average duration of third stage of labor was significantly less in drainage group (4.1 vs 7.7 mins; p<0.05). No difference was observed between two groups based on placenta weight (p-0.121). Conclusion: In the present study, PCD had a beneficial effect on the duration of third stage of labor and on postpartum blood loss. Thus, use of PCD is recommended in active management of labor by trained professionals
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At present, there is no specific treatment for primary ciliary dyskinesia, nor controlled and randomized clinical trials to determine how the management and monitoring of these patients should be considered. The therapeutic options are extrapolated from other diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, or non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, the implementation of specific groups of experts, both in the USA (PDC-foundation) and in Europe (BESTCILIA or BEAT-PD), are helping to increase knowledge of the disease, opening research channels and seeking new treatments. Until we have therapies capable of correcting the basic defect of the disease, the pillars of treatment are the daily cleansing of the airways and aggressive antibiotherapy against respiratory infections. Multidisciplinary care in specialized centers where pulmonary function is monitored and the infection is prevented and treated will improve, as in cystic fibrosis, the results of patients.
En la actualidad no existe un tratamiento específico para la discinesia ciliar primaria, ni se cuenta con ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados que permitan determinar cómo debe plantearse el manejo y seguimiento de estos pacientes. Las opciones terapéuticas son extrapoladas de otras enfermedades, como la fibrosis quística, o las bronquiectasias no fibrosis quística. Sin embargo, la puesta en marcha de grupos específicos de expertos, tanto en USA (PDC-foundation) como en Europa (BESTCILIA o BEAT-PD), están permitiendo incrementar el conocimiento de la enfermedad, abriendo vías de investigación y buscando nuevos tratamientos. Hasta contar con terapias capaces de corregir el defecto básico de la enfermedad, los pilares del tratamiento son la limpieza diaria de las vías aéreas y la antibioterapia agresiva frente a las infecciones respiratorias. La atención multidisciplinar en centros especializados donde se monitorice la función pulmonar y se prevengan y traten las infecciones mejorará, como en la fibrosis quística, los resultados de los pacientes.
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Humans , Kartagener Syndrome/diagnosis , Kartagener Syndrome/physiopathology , Kartagener Syndrome/genetics , Kartagener Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Lung Diseases, FungalABSTRACT
Wilson disease (WD) is a treatable neurological inherited disorder characterized by copper metabolism impairment. Metal chelating drugs, such as penicillamine, have been used to treat WD for decades, is exposuring its limitations of effect and utilize sphere. Genetic therapy was considered as the most potential way of curing WD, is still can only be achieved in the laboratory, which have massive problems to solve before its clinical utilization. Based on this, we started to research the curative mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) donated by national natural science fund project funding, found that TCM formula Gandou decoction regulate the metabolic disorders caused by liver cells and neurons apoptosis, autophagy, such as programmed cell death,from the molecular pathways of copper metabolism, Wnt/β-catenin pathway and mitogen-activated protein kmase(MAPK) pathways regulating liver damage such as cell signaling pathways, extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathway and liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK) pathway and the cell signaling pathway of neuronal damage. The above experimental results were verified by TX mice, a reliable WD animal models. This paper aimed to systematically review the research of GDD therapeutic mechanisms from the sight of programmed cell death, including aptosis and autophagy, and provided theoretical for formula optimization. In addition, we elaborated some assumptions and feasible advice for the further research of GDD therapeutic mechanism.
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This is a two-phase study, the first was a literature review that aimed to identify a set of competencies for professional practice that would be relevant for the health care of People with disabilities (PwD). These competencies were then used to plan a thirty-hour multidisciplinary course for undergraduate health care students. The educational intervention led to improvements in the students' learning experiences, including the development of empathy and knowledge related to the care of PwD, improved knowledge around accessibility, and an awareness of the need to humanize the care of PwD. Students reported enhanced learning experiences and an increase in knowledge related to the care of PwD, and also highlighted the need to humanize the care.(AU)
Este é um estudo de duas fases, a primeira foi uma revisão da literatura buscando identificar um conjunto de competências para a prática professional, relevantes para o cuidado em saúde das Pessoas com deficiências (PcD). Estas competências foram utilizadas na segunda fase, para planejar um curso multidisciplinar de trinta horas para estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. A intervenção educacional levou a melhorias em experiências de aprendizagem dos alunos, incluindo o desenvolvimento de empatia e de conhecimentos relacionados com cuidados de PcD, melhorar o conhecimento sobre a acessibilidade, e consciência da necessidade de humanizar o cuidado de PcD. Estudantes relataram experiências de aprendizagem melhoradas e maior conhecimento relacionado com o cuidado de PcD, e destacaram a necessidade de humanizar o cuidado.(AU)
Este es un estudio de dos fases, la primera fue una revisión de la literatura buscando identificar un conjunto de competencias para la práctica profesional, relevantes para el cuidado de la salud de las PcD. Estas competencias se utilizaron para planificar un curso multidisciplinario de treinta horas. La intervención educativa llevó a experiencias de aprendizaje de los alumnos, incluyendo el desarrollo de la empatía y de conocimientos relacionados con cuidados de las PcD, mejorar el conocimiento sobre la capacidad de acceso, y conciencia de la necesidad de humanizar el cuidado de las PcD. Los estudiantes relataron experiencias de aprendizaje mejoradas y mayor conocimiento relacionado con el cuidado de las PcD, y subrayaron la necesidad de humanizar el cuidado de las PcD.(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Delivery of Health Care , Disabled Persons , Health Education , Health Education/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Increasing use of medical devices outside of healthcare facilities inevitably requires connectivity and interoperability between medical devices and healthcare information systems. To this end, standards have been developed and used to provide interoperability between personal health devices (PHDs) and external systems. ISO/IEEE 11073 standards and IHE PCD-01 standard messages have been used the most in the exchange of observation data of health devices. Recently, transmitting observation data using the HL7 FHIR standard has been devised in the name of DoF (Devices on FHIR) and adopted very fast. We compare and analyze these standards and suggest that which standard will work best at the different environments of device usage. METHODS: We generated each message/resource of the three standards for observed vital signs from blood pressure monitor and thermometer. Then, the size, the contents, and the exchange processes of these messages are compared and analyzed. RESULTS: ISO/IEEE 11073 standard message has the smallest data size, but it has no ability to contain the key information, patient information. On the other hand, PCD-01 messages and FHIR standards have the fields for patient information. HL7 DoF standards provide reusing of information unit known as resource, and it is relatively easy to parse DoF messages since it uses widely known XML and JSON. CONCLUSIONS: ISO/IEEE 11073 standards are suitable for devices having very small computing power. IHE PCD-01 and HL7 DoF messages can be used for the devices that need to be connected to hospital information systems that require patient information. When information reuse is frequent, DoF is advantageous over PCD-01.
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Humans , Blood Pressure Monitors , Delivery of Health Care , Hand , Hospital Information Systems , Information Systems , Thermometers , Vital SignsABSTRACT
Since its discovery in the 1970s, the mitochondrial permeability transition(mPT)has been proposed to be a strategic regulator of programmed cell death(PCD). The mPT denotes an increase in the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to solutes with molecular masses up to about 1.5×103. It is presumed to be mediated by an opening of a channel, the mPT pore(mPTP), whose molecular nature remains a mystery. Intense research efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular components of the mPTP because it may help to better understand and treat various pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases to cancer. This article briefly reviews the new progress of mPTP structural models and its specific molecular mechanisms of regulating PCD, then demonstrates the feasibility of using the mPTP-targeting agents as a potential alternative strategy for effective management of PCD.
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Since its discovery in the 1970s,the mitochondrial permeability transition(mPT)has been proposed to be a strate?gic regulator of programmed cell death(PCD). The mPT denotes an increase in the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to sol?utes with molecular masses up to about 1.5×103. It is presumed to be mediated by an opening of a channel,the mPT pore(mPTP), whose molecular nature remains a mystery. Intense research efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular components of the mPTP because it may help to better understand and treat various pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases to cancer. This article briefly reviews the new progress of mPTP structural models and its specific molecular mechanisms of regulating PCD , then demonstrates the feasibility of using the mPTP-targeting agents as a potential alternative strategy for effective management of PCD.
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Several minimally invasive techniques were used to treat infection secondary to pancreatic and (or peri-pancreatic) necrosis recent years,including percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD),endoscopic transluminal treatment,min-incision surgery,video-assisted minimally invasive technique and laparoscopic surgery.We should grasp the indication of each technique.PCD/ endoscopic transluminal surgery usually acted as initial therapy.Open surgery is still effective,and acts as a rescue operation when minimally invasive techniques fail.
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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of conservative medical treatment versus minimal invasive surgical techniques like percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) in the management of liver abscess. Material and methods: All patients with liver abscess who were admitted in Surgery from October 2013 to June 2014 were included in this study and were exposed to four different treatment modalities. The patients were first treated with combination of medicine (Option-A). If they failed to respond to this treatment then they were subjected to ultrasound guided aspiration (Option -B). If Option - B failed they were exposed to pig tail catheter placement (Option -C). Final option was surgical drainage (Option - D) if it was rupture liver abscess and if the patient presented with co morbid conditions like septicaemia and peritonitis.PNA was repeated every third day if the cavity size had not declined to 50% of the original for up to three times. Persistence of cavity or of clinical symptoms was considered failure of treatment. Results: Out of 51 patients, 14 patients responded to drug therapy alone. 34 patients required ultrasound guided aspiration and Pig tail catheter placement and 3 patients required open surgical drainage. A combination of drug therapy and ultrasound guided needle aspiration was effective for majority of 83% patients Duration of hospital stay was similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Minimal surgical interventions like PCD and PNA are better than conservative treatment for the management of liver abscesses of size >5 cm, in terms of duration to attain clinical relief and duration for which parenteral antibiotics are needed. Pyogenic liver abscess are less common than amoebic liver abscess. Right lobe of the liver is most commonly involved in both types of abscesses. Radio-imaging techniques like ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT) are the modalities of choice for investigation purposes. Treatment modalities of these abscesses, first emphasizes on medical treatment, but if it is unsuccessful then only the surgical intervention should be taken up. Laparotomy and Drainage or Laparoscopic Drainage remains the standard of care for ruptured liver abscess.
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PURPOSE: Anastomotic leakage is a serious and life- threatening complication after colorectal surgery. The management of clinical anastomotic leakage remains largely operative. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and the natural history of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) for anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. METHODS: Twenty patients who were managed by PCD after anastomotic leakage between January 2002 and December 2006 were studied. Charts were reviewed for information on clinical characteristics and biolologic finding prePCD and postPCD. RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage was managed by using only PCD in 16 of 20 patients (80%), and twenty percent of patients (4/20) were managed by using a loop ileostomy after PCD. Nine patients (45%) had peritoneal drains left in place at diagnosis. Before PCD, the mean of the peak white blood cell (WBC) was 12,800/mm3, and the mean period of fever (>38degrees C) was 3.4 (2~5) days. After PCD, the mean time until the body temperature dropped below 37oC was 3.1 (1~5) days, the mean time until the WBC count dropped below 10,000/mm3 was 3.2 (0~6) days, the mean duration of ileus and diarrhea was 3.3 (0~6) days, the mean total amount of drainage during 6 days was 880 cc, and the mean length of stay after PCD was 14.9 days. CONCLUSIONS: PCD is a safe and effective method for treating anastomtic leakage in patients without sepsis or diffuse peritonitis and with CT scans that reveal no diffuse fluid collection.
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Humans , Anastomotic Leak , Body Temperature , Catheters , Colorectal Surgery , Diarrhea , Drainage , Fever , Hypogonadism , Ileostomy , Ileus , Length of Stay , Leukocytes , Mitochondrial Diseases , Natural History , Ophthalmoplegia , Peritonitis , SepsisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To monitor the sterilization effect of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer with process challenge derice(PCD).METHODS Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer was used to sterilize different material and structure items in simulation field sterilization trial.The test pieces have been cultured for 7 days at 37 ℃.Make the test records in detail.RESULTS The hemostatic forceps,surface of lines and biological indicators,as well as 300 mm stainless steels tube and 2000 mm Teflon tube were sterilized successful.But 600 mm and 300 mm stainless steels of low temperature did not past the challenge tests.The results of test surface and test lumen were inconsistent.CONCLUSIONS PCD is need to be introduced in monitoring sterilization effect of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer.
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OBJECTIVE To apply 3M standardized chemical indicator(CI) process challenge device(PCD) to the practice of batch monitoring to guarantee sterility assurance.METHODS The standardized CI PCD and biological indicator(BI) PCD to two different sterilizers were applied with the test parameters of 132 ℃,3.5min and 8min,and 134 ℃,3.5min and 8min,respectively.RESULTS A total of 310 trials of CI PCD were obtained as negative results,with the ink moved into the accept area of the moving-front style indicator,and 240 trials of BI PCD were obtained as negative results.CONCLUSIONS Standardized CI PCD can provide further sterility assurance with more accurate monitoring and batch release capabilities.
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Plant programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as defensive response against biotic and abiotic stresses. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a fungi toxin, which is a competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. FB1 can induce PCD in both animal and plant cells. To dissect this pathway, a genetic screen for fumonisin B1 resistant (fbr) mutants, and identified 11 fbr mutants was carried out. Genetic analysis showed that these 11 mutants belonged to 9 complementary groups or genetic loci. Here a detailed phenotypic analysis of fbr136 was reported. In addition to the resistance to FB1, fbr136 also showed resistance other PCD-inducing compounds, including H2O2 and paraquat. Furthermore, FB1-induced PR1 expression was reduced in fbr136, suggesting that a PCD pathway is likely impaired in the mutant. When stained with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), fbr136 showed a reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by FB1. The fbr136 mutation was roughly mapped onto chromosome Ⅲ, where no other fbr mutants have been previously identified. It is proposed that FBR136 may act as an important regulator in a sphingolipid-mediated PCD pathway, involved in the generation of ROS.
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Periapical cemental dysplasia(PCD) is a condition most commonly seen in the mandibular incisor region. Radiographically it passes through the three phases(osteolytic stage, intermediate stage, and mature stage). At osteolytic stage, the lesion is similar to features associated with granuloma or cyst that arise following pulpal necrosis. So, it is important to confirm the vitality of the pulp to diagnosis. In this case, it is difficult to confirm the vitality of involved tooth because the tooth was covered with PFG bridge. And it is unusual that the PCD lesion at mandibular incisors has occurred at first and the lesion of mandibular canine and mandibular premolar were occurred afterward.
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Bicuspid , Diagnosis , Granuloma , Incisor , Necrosis , ToothABSTRACT
Paraneoplastic syndrome is a rare neurologic disorder caused not by the direct invasion or metastasis of cancer, but by the remote effects of cancer. The central- and peripheral-nervous system or neuromuscular junction area were involved in this syndrome. The pathogenesis was thought as the autoimmune disease, the result of an immunologic response to cancer and to cross-react with self-cells of the nervous system or of the neuromuscular junction, causing neuronal dam-age. Specific forms of this syndrome are often associated with specific paraneoplastic autoantibodies and cancer. The onset of neurological symptoms and detection of these antibodies often precede the diagnosis of the cancer; therefore, detection of these antibodies greatly assists the diagnosis of this syndrome and prompts investigations for the underly-ing cancer. Some paraneoplastic central neurological syndromes, such as cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis, and necrotizing myelitis, were not improved by putative pathogenic autoantibodies, or by immunosuppresant or tumor removal, inspite of improvement in other peripheral neurologic syndrome, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, neu-romyotonia, and Stiff-man syndrome. A more detailed understanding of the relationship between the cancer and the neural involvement from the molecular biological standpoint may lead to rational tumor therapy and elucidation of the mechanism of neural death. Here, major clinical forms with well-known antineuronal antibodies and specific cancers are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies , Autoantibodies , Autoimmune Diseases , Diagnosis , Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome , Limbic Encephalitis , Myelitis, Transverse , Neoplasm Metastasis , Nervous System , Nervous System Diseases , Neuromuscular Junction , Neurons , Paraneoplastic Syndromes , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Stiff-Person SyndromeABSTRACT
To seek the optimum experiment methods of animal immunization with HCV gene and to explore the effect on antibody responses in mice immunized by pCD-HCV1 recombinant in different administration, recombinant pCD-HCV1 was constructed by technique of molecular biology and was injected into muscles of Balb/c of mice with different times, routes and dosage of inoculations as well as different treatment. The results showed that the serum antibody level reached 0.183±0.06,0.428±0.05,0.707±0.08 and 0.773±0.07(OD410 value) respectively after recombinant pCD-HCV1(100μg/mouse) were injected into mice once, twice, three times and four times. The antibody level of mice (n＝12) with four times inoculation was the highest; pCD-HCV1 was perfused into stomach orally in mice or were into mice by i.p, s.c and i.m(100μg/mouse, three times) in different routes (n＝6), and the antibody levels were 0.138±0.05, 0.178±0.07, 0.233±0.08 and 0.691±0.05 respectively; after the mice (n＝8) were inoculated with the pCD-HCV1 of different dosage(10μg, 50μg and 100μg) the antibody levels of three groups were 0.11±0.09, 0.33±0.04, and 0.700±0.07, and the results showed a significant difference (P＜0.01); Mice was injected with procaine (100μl, 0.4mg) by i.m or s.c. Then pCD-HCV1 was injected into mice and antibody levels were higher than that of mice immunized directly with recombinant pCD-HCV1 of same dosage. The results may provide a reference data deserved for screening the optimum immunization method of development HCV-DNA-based vaccine in mice model.
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Autophagy occurs in all types of eukaryotic cells, which has a rigid connection with the normal or abnormal development of cells and is associated with many diseases. There're lots of molecular control elements and multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating autophagy. As a form of type Ⅱ programmed cell death, autophagy participates in maintaining cell homeostasis and pathogenesis of various of diseases through interacting with apoptotic pathway. Recent studies show that autophagy has effects on the occurrence and development of tumor cells through influencing on cell cycle, apoptosis-associated factors and angiogenesis.
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Objective: To construct and identify the recombinant pCD-Eg95 plasmid of Echinococcus granulosus. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from hydatid cyst protoscoleces shattered by supersound. The Eg95 coding gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and then was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 to construct the recombinant pCD-Eg95 plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was electroporated into E. coliBL21(DE3) strain. Results: The 471 bp Eg95 coding gene was successfully amplified, and the recombinant pCD-Eg95 plasmid was successfully constructed, which was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and PCR. Conclusion: The results could provide the basis for the further research of the nucleic acid vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of pCD-Em10 on immune responses in mice infected with alveolar hydatid cyst of Echinococcus multilocularis(Em).Methods:BALB/c mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with pCD-Em10 and then challenged with Em protoscoleces at the 8 w after vaccination.The mice were killed in 18th week of infection to count the rate of reduced alveolar hydatid cyst weight;The spleens were gathered to separate splenocytes,and the subsets of CD4+and CD8+T cells were measured by FACsort.The splenocytes were cultured by stimulation with EmAg or ConA,their supernatants were gathered to measure level of IL-2,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4 by ELISA Kits.Apoptotic rate of splenocytes was measured by FACsort.BCG or PBS injection served as control.Results:In the group of PCD-Em10 immunization,the rate of reduced alveolar hydatid cyst weight was 71.17%,CD4+ subset increased obviously,and the levels of IFN-? and TNF-? increased remarkably,but that of IL-4 decreased.Apoptotic rate in the pCD-Em10 group was lower than that in the PBS control.Conclusion:pCD-Em10 may induce a protective immune response in mice infected with alveolar hydatid cyst of Echinococcus multilocularis.