Progress in diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 器官移植

Hepatic echinococcosis is a chronic parasitic disease, which is caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. It has a high risk of disability and mortality, which is also known as "parasite cancer". In clinical practice, hepatic echinococcosis can be divided into hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Hepatic echinococcosis is widely prevalent worldwide. It mainly occurs in the populations residing agricultural and pastoral areas in western China, posing significant threats to the quality of life of local residents. At present, surgery is the main treatment for hepatic echinococcosis in clinical settings. With rapid development of surgical diagnosis and treatment technology and deepening understanding of hepatic echinococcosis, diagnosis and treatment regimens have also been constantly improved. In this article, research progresses on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinicians, deliver early diagnosis and treatment, mitigate adverse effects of this disease upon patients and improve clinical prognosis.

Impacto del PET/CT en el diagnóstico de insulinoma / Impact of PET/CT in the Diagnosis of Insulinoma

Introducción: La tomografía de emisión de positrones es una técnica diagnóstica no invasiva que permite tomar imágenes del organismo que muestra el metabolismo de los órganos del cuerpo. Objetivo: Destacar el valor de la PET/CT en el diagnóstico imagenológico prequirúrgico del enfermo. Presentación de caso: Se presentó un paciente masculino de 39 años sin antecedentes de importancia, con un cuadro de hipoglucemias severas de 5 años de evolución, a pesar de los múltiples estudios imagenológicos se incluyó la ecoendoscopía digestiva, lo que no fue posible evidenciar la lesión tumoral. Se le realiza PET/CT cuyo resultado fue crucial para localizar el tumor, se le dio al paciente la oportunidad de un tratamiento quirúrgico y la demostración anatomopatológica de insulinoma. Conclusiones: Los insulinomas son tumores pancreáticos poco frecuentes que provocan hiperinsulinismo endógeno y son difíciles de visualizar debido a su tamaño por las técnicas de imágenes convencionales, por lo que el PET/CT es un estudio bastante efectivo para localizar la lesión tumoral, y así realizar un procedimiento quirúrgico(AU)

Introduction: Positron emission tomography is a non-invasive diagnostic technique, allowing images of the body to be taken that show the metabolism of the body's organs. Objective: To highlight the value of PET/CT in the pre-surgical imaging diagnosis of the patient. Case presentation: We report the case of a 39-year-old male patient with no significant medical history, but a 5-year history of severe hypoglycemia. Despite multiple imaging studies, digestive ultrasound endoscopy was included, which was not possible to demonstrate the tumor lesion. PET/CT was performed, the result of which was crucial in locating the tumor. The patient was given the opportunity for surgical treatment and the pathological demonstration of insulinoma. Conclusions: Insulinomas are rare pancreatic tumors that cause endogenous hyperinsulinism and are difficult to visualize due to their size using conventional imaging techniques, therefore PET/CT is a fairly effective study to locate the tumor lesion, and thus perform a surgical procedure(AU)

Prognostic role of metabolic 18F?FDG PET/CT parameters and hematological prognostic indicators in patients with colorectal cancer

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of preoperative 18F?fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography朿omputed tomography (PET/CT) parameters, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), hematologic prognostic indicators in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in terms of predicting prognosis. Methods: One hundred and one patients who had undergone 18F?FDG PET/CT for initial staging were evaluated retrospectively. Patient data including pathologic stage at presentation, histology, tumor location, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (ng/mL), CA?125 (cancer antigen 125) (U/mL), and CA19?9 (U/mL) levels, which were obtained within 2 weeks of the PET/CT examination, were used for hematological data. Results: The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors stage and PET/CT parameters, including SUVmax, MTV, and TLG, were found to be correlated with survival rate in univariate analysis (P < 0.05). All hematological markers excluding PLR were also significantly associated with survival time. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal SUVmax cutoff value for predicting survival time in patients with CRC was >17.9 (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.625; P < 0.05). The calculated sensitivity and specificity values for this cutoff were 60% and 65.7%, respectively. To predict the survival time in these patients, the optimal MTV cutoff value was >34.29 (AUC = 0.775; P < 0.001; sensitivity = 85%; specificity = 62.3%). The optimal TLG cutoff value for predicting survival time was >270.4 (AUC = 0.790; P < 0.001; sensitivity = 77.5%; specificity = 68.9%). Conclusions: FDG PET/CT metabolical parameters are useful for predicting the prognosis in patients with CRC. High preoperative NLR and high tumor markers were also shown to be negative independent prognostic factors in these patients

Evaluation of 18FDG PET-CT-positive mediastinal-hilar lymph nodes in extrathoracic malignancies by EBUS-TBNA; correlation of SUVmax, and short-axis diameter with the final diagnosis

Introduction: Intrathoracic lymph node metastasis from extrathoracic neoplasms are rare. Primary malignancies that metastasize to mediastinal-hilar lymph nodes are head and neck , carcinoma breast ,and genitourinary. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)/endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is currently the preferred modality for mediastinal lymph node sampling. Methods: Fifty seven patients with extrathoracic malignancies with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of mediastinal-hilar lymph nodes greater than or equal to 2.5 were taken up for EBUS-TBNA. The histo-cytopathological results obtained from EBUS-TBNA were compared with SUVmax value and short-axis diameter of a lymph node as noted on EBUS. Results: Out of 74 sampled nodes, 49 (66.2%) were benign and 25 (33.8%) were malignant. The SUVmax range of benign nodes was 2.8� as compared to 3� of malignant nodes. The size range of malignant and benign nodes were 8� mm and 8� mm, respectively. The mean size of abnormal nodes (metastatic + granulomatous) was 17.5 (8� mm) and the mean SUVmax was 9.1 (3.4�), and it was a statistically significant difference when compared to reactive (normal) nodes. At SUVmax cut-off 7.5, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were 78.5%, 81.2%, 84.6%, and 74.2%, respectively for detecting abnormal nodes. At 13 mm size cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 75.5%, 65%, 75%, and 72%, respectively, for detecting abnormal nodes. Conclusion: The majority of mediastinal-hilar nodes with increased metabolic activity are benign in nature. Size and SUVmax are poor predictors of metastasis in tuberculosis endemic region. There should be a restrictive attitude toward invasive diagnostic testing for mediastinal-hilar nodes in extrathoracic malignancies.

The role of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT with respect to evaluation of pathological response in the rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography朿omputed tomography (PET-CT) in determining the correct stage and predicting the pathological response. Methods: Seventy one patients with pathologic proven rectal adenocarcinoma, clinical stage IIA-IVA, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were evaluated retrospectively. Radiotherapy was delivered 45� Gy in 25 fractions with concomitant oral capecitabine. Pelvic MRI, colonoscopy, and 18F-FDG PET-CT were performed before the neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). After NAT, MRI and PET-CT were performed for re-evaluation. Results: The median follow-up time was 25 months (range: 3� months). Of the 71 patients who underwent NAT, 57 patients underwent surgery. Downstaging was recorded in 48 (84.2%) of 57 patients who underwent surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between both MRI and PET-CT with pathology results in terms of response evaluation. As a result of the comparison of MRI and PET-CT with pathological results; sensitivity and specificity were 91.6% (44/48) and 22.2% (2/9) for MRI, and 100% (47/47) and 12.5% (1/8) for PET-CT, respectively. Conclusion: PET-CT and MRI are effective in predicting response to NAT and predictive for the pathological response. A more accurate response can be judged when both PET-CT and MRI are executed together in restaging after NAT

Arteritis de Takayasu como hallazgo incidental en un paciente con enfermedad celiaca: la importancia de la tomografía computarizada por emisión de positrones / Takayasu's arteritis as an incidental finding in a patient with celiac disease: the importance of positron emission computed tomography

Resumen Introducción: La arteritis de Takayasu es una vasculitis de grandes vasos que afecta a las arterias elásticas de gran calibre, fundamentalmente la aorta y sus ramas principales. Ocurre frecuentemente en mujeres entre los 20-30 años, por lo que es muy infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 15 años en seguimiento desde los 9 años por enfermedad celiaca. A los 13 años se detectó anemia de trastornos crónicos, elevación de proteína C reactiva y velocidad de sedimentación globular. La paciente permaneció en todo momento asintomática. Tras descartar otros procesos, se solicitó tomografía computarizada por emisión de positrones (PET-TC), donde se detectaron lesiones compatibles con vasculitis de grandes vasos. La valoración por Cardiología evidenció un aneurisma en coronaria derecha. Se realizó angio-TC, que sugirió arteritis de Takayasu tipo III. Conclusiones: Es frecuente un retraso en el diagnóstico de la arteritis de Takayasu en los pacientes pediátricos. En este caso se encontraron lesiones de la fase II sin la presencia de síntomas correspondientes a la fase I. El PET-TC permitió el diagnóstico de vasculitis, clave para el diagnóstico de la paciente.

Abstract Background: Takayasu arteritis is a large-vessel vasculitis which affects large-caliber elastic arteries, primarily the aorta and its main branches. It mainly affects women between 20-30 years, so it is rare in children. Case report: We describe the case of a 15-year-old female who was followed up since she was 9 years old due to celiac disease. At the age of 13, anaemia of chronic disorders associated to elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were detected. The patient remained asymptomatic. After excluding other diseases, we requested a positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT); lesions compatible with large-vessel vasculitis were detected. Cardiology evaluation showed an aneurysm in the right coronary artery. Angio-CT suggested Takayasu type III arteritis. Conclusions: The delay in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis in pediatric patients is quite common. In this case, we have found phase II lesions, with no previous phase I symptoms. However, PET-CT allowed the diagnosis of vasculitis, key to the diagnosis of the patient.

Evaluation of patients via colonoscopy who underwent positron emission tomography/computerized tomography due to colon involvement

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Fluorodeoxyglucose is not a tumor-specific agent and it can also be involved in benign conditions, which may cause diagnostic confusion. This research aims to elucidate the colonoscopic findings of patients who underwent colonoscopy due to colon involvement in positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. METHODS: A total of 71 patients who underwent colonoscopy due to colonic involvement in positron emission tomography/computerized tomography at SBU Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Gastroenterology Clinic Endoscopy Unit have been analyzed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics of the patients, areas of involvement in positron emission tomography/computerized tomography, and severity have been obtained from the hospital database. RESULTS: The gastrointestinal involvement area of 22.5% (n=16) of the patients was ascending colon, 15.5% (n=11) was sigmoid, 15.5% (n=11) was rectum, 12.7% (n=9) was stomach, 11.3% (n=8) was transverse colon, 8.5% (n=6) was anal canal, 5.6% (n=4) was esophagus, and 5.6% (n=4) was descending colon. The endoscopic findings of 19.7% (n=14) patients were normal, whereas 29.6% (n=21) had polyps, 9.9% (n=7) had cancer, 2.8% (n=2) had an ulcer, 15.5% (n=11) had gastritis, 14.1% (n=10) had hemorrhoids, and 7% (n=5) had colitis. CONCLUSION: Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography can detect unexpected distant metastases with high sensitivity because it allows whole-body imaging. Curative resection significantly contributes to the choice of treatment modality in the pre-operative period of colorectal cancer patients with planned surgery.

Consenso colombo-peruano de cáncer de próstata. Lima, Perú, 14 y 15 de abril del 2023 / Colombian-Peruvian Consensus on Prostate Cancer. April 14 and 15, 2023, Lima, Peru

Entre el 14 y 15 de abril del 2023 se realizó la reunión académica organizada por la Sociedad Colombiana de Urología y la Sociedad Peruana de Urología en Lima (Perú), donde los panelistas expertos en cáncer de próstata en el área de urología oncológica, urología funcional, oncología clínica, radioterapia oncológica y medicina nuclear debatieron sobre la evidencia actual en los diferentes escenarios de la enfermedad, logrando el primer Consenso Colombo-Peruano de Cáncer de Próstata.

Between April 14 and 15, 2023, the academic meeting organized by the Colombian Society of Urology and the Peruvian Society of Urology was held in Lima (Peru), where expert panelists in prostate cancer in the area of oncological urology, functional urology, clinical oncology, oncological radiotherapy and nuclear medicine discussed the current evidence in the different scenarios of the disease, achieving the first Colombo-Peruvian Consensus on Prostate Cancer.

Research hotspots of prostate cancer at the international conferences on urology in 2022 / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EUA) and International Urological Society (SIU) annual meetings were held in 2022. Studies on prostate cancer reported in the meetings mainly focus on the advances of diagnostic biomarkers (such as α-2, 3-1inked sialylation of terminal N-glycan on free PSA density, SelectMDx) and imaging techniques [such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-PET/CT], the new method for prostate biopsy, the new treatments of prostate cancer including [177Lu] Ludotadipep and DROP-IN PSMA probe, and the prognosis assessment of prostate cancer (such as AR-V7). This article provides an overview on the research hotspots of three international academic meetings.

Causes of False-Positive Results in 68Ga-Labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor PET/CT Imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the causes of false-positive results in the 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI-04) PET/CT imaging. Methods The imaging data of 547 patients undergoing 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected.Two experienced nuclear medicine diagnostic physicians analyzed the clinical data,relevant imaging examinations,laboratory examinations,pathological results and follow-up results of the patients with false-positive results. Results The 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging of 547 patients showed false-positive results in 99 (18.1%) patients,including 56 males and 43 females.The postoperative pathological examination confirmed false-positive results in 13 patients,including 1 patient of thyroiditis,2 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis,1 patient of bone tuberculosis,2 patients of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor,1 patient of pulmonary sarcoidosis,1 patient of pulmonary benign fibroma,1 patient of organic pneumonia,2 patients of renal angiomyolipoma,1 patient of mass pancreatitis,and 1 patient of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma.The medical history,relevant imaging examination,and long-term follow-up confirmed false-positive results in 86 patients.Specifically,the false-positive uptake in the neck,chest,abdomen,bone joint,and skin occurred in 8 (9.3%),13 (15.1%),5 (5.8%),57 (66.3%),and 3 (3.5%) patients,respectively.Inflammation-related uptake appeared in 83 (83.8%) patients with false-positive imaging results,of which arthritis (23 patients) and osteophyte (29 patients) were the most common.Sixteen (16.2%) patients showed the false-positive uptake related to fibroblasts. Conclusion 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging will show non-malignant tumor false-positive results,which are mainly associated with inflammation and fibroblasts.

Diagnostic Efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detecting Bone Marrow Infiltration in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is often associated with bone marrow infiltration, and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) has potential diagnostic significance for bone marrow infiltration in DLBCL.@*METHODS@#A total of 102 patients diagnosed with DLBCL between September 2019 and August 2022 were included. Bone marrow biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed at the time of initial diagnosis. Kappa tests were used to evaluate the agreement of 18F-FDG PET/CT with the gold standard, and the imaging features of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration on PET/CT were described.@*RESULTS@#The total detection rate of bone marrow infiltration was not significantly different between PET/CT and primary bone marrow biopsy ( P = 0.302) or between the two bone marrow biopsies ( P = 0.826). The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index of PET/CT for the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration were 0.923 (95% CI, 0.759-0.979), 0.934 (95% CI, 0.855-0.972), and 0.857, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#18F-FDG PET/CT has a comparable efficiency in the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration. PET/CT-guided bone marrow biopsy can reduce the misdiagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration.

Relationship between myocardial viability and early application of intra-aortic balloon pump after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the relationship between myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and early application of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) after coronary revascularization, and to provide relevant clinical reference for the pre-implantation of 16G single-lumen catheter in the femoral artery of high-risk patients to facilitate the addition of IABP after operation. Methods    This retrospective study included 521 patients (414 males and 107 females, aged 62.50±8.82 years) who underwent positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) perfusion-metabolism imaging prior to CABG surgery in our institution from December 2015 to August 2020. The myocardial viability information and left ventricular functional parameters were measured, including the proportion of non-viable myocardium (perfusion-metabolic imaging match), hibernating myocardium (perfusion-metabolic imaging mismatch) and dysfunctional myocardium (non-viable+viable myocardium), left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV). The patients were divided into an IABP group and a non-IABP group  according to whether they received IABP treatment after revascularization. The clinical data were reviewed and compared to explore significant impact factors between the two groups. And the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between preoperative myocardial viability and early use of IABP after CABG. Results    In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the amount of non-viable, dysfunctional myocardium and LVESV value were identified as the independent predictors for the probability of IABP use in the initial postoperative period. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 9.5% non-viable myocardium, 19.5% dysfunctional myocardium, and LVESV of 114.5 mL were the optimal cutoff for predicting early IABP implantation during CABG. Conclusion    The myocardial survival status displayed by preoperative PET-CT myocardial perfusion-metabolism imaging can predict the possibility of applying IABP in CABG perioperative period. In addition to routine pre-anesthesia assessment, anesthesiologists can conduct risk stratification assessment for patients with CABG according to the results of preoperative myocardial viability imaging, which is of great significance to ensure the perioperative safety of high-risk patients with CABG.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Bone Marrow Infiltration of Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in bone marrow infiltration (BMI) of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), compared with the results of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and investigate whether the BMI diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT and other factors have independent prognostic values.@*METHODS@#Ninety-four newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who underwent PET/CT in Clinical Medical College of Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included. BMB was performed within 2 weeks before or after PET/CT, and standardized treatment was performed after PET/CT. The manifestations of bone marrow (BM) FDG uptake were recorded. The diagnostic criteria of BMI were BMB positive or focal BM FDG uptake confirmed by imaging follow-up. The relationship between clinical features and BM FDG uptake and the values of PET/CT and BMB in the diagnosis of BMI was analyzed. The progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test was used to compare PFS rate, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting PFS.@*RESULTS@#Among 94 DLBCL patients, 34 patients showed focal BM uptake (fPET), 7 patients showed super BM uptake (sBMU), 11 patients showed diffuse homogenous uptake higher than liver (dPET), and the other 42 patients had normal BM uptake (nPET) (lower than liver). BMB positive was found in all sBMU patients, in 20.6%(7/34) of fPET patients, and in 27.3% (3/11) of dPET patients. All nPET patients had negative BMB results. dPET patients were associated with lower hemoglobin level and leukocyte count compared with nPET group (P < 0.001, P =0.026). Compared with fPET patients, sBMU patients were more likely to have B symptoms and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A total of 44 patients were diagnosed BMI, including 17 cases with BMB+. The sensitivity and specificity of BMB in the diagnosis of BMI was 38.6% (17/44) and 100% (50/50), respectively. Using fPET and sBMU as criteria of PET BMI, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT was 93.2% (41/44) and 100% (50/50), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 2-year PFS rate between nPET and dPET patients (P >0.05), while sBMU patients had lower 2-year PFS rate compared with fPET patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher Ann Arbor stage (HR=9.010, P =0.04) and sBMU (HR=3.964, P =0.002) were independent risk factors affecting PFS.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increased BM FDG uptake of DLBCL can be manifested as dPET, fPET and sBMU. fPET and sBMU can replace BMB to diagnose BMI. Although dPET cannot completely exclude the possibility of BMI, it does not affect the prognosis, so it can be diagnosed as PET BMI negative. sBMU is an independent prognostic risk factor.

Ultrasmall, elementary and highly translational nanoparticle X-ray contrast media from amphiphilic iodinated statistical copolymers

To expand the single-dose duration over which noninvasive clinical and preclinical cancer imaging can be conducted with high sensitivity, and well-defined spatial and temporal resolutions, a facile strategy to prepare ultrasmall nanoparticulate X-ray contrast media (nano-XRCM) as dual-modality imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) has been established. Synthesized from controlled copolymerization of triiodobenzoyl ethyl acrylate and oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate monomers, the amphiphilic statistical iodocopolymers (ICPs) could directly dissolve in water to afford thermodynamically stable solutions with high aqueous iodine concentrations (>140 mg iodine/mL water) and comparable viscosities to conventional small molecule XRCM. The formation of ultrasmall iodinated nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 10 nm in water was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering techniques. In a breast cancer mouse model, in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the 64Cu-chelator-functionalized iodinated nano-XRCM exhibited extended blood residency and higher tumor accumulation compared to typical small molecule imaging agents. PET/CT imaging of tumor over 3 days showed good correlation between PET and CT signals, while CT imaging allowed continuous observation of tumor retention even after 10 days post-injection, enabling longitudinal monitoring of tumor retention for imaging or potentially therapeutic effect after a single administration of nano-XRCM.

Effect of different input functions of whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging reconstruction on quantitative parameters of lung cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of using two different input functions to reconstruct 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter images on the quantitative parameters of lung cancer lesions. Methods:The original whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT scan data of lung cancer patients in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The total scan time was 75 min. Two input functions were used for Patlak multi-parameter reconstruction: ① Image-derived input function(IDIF)using the Time-activity curve(TAC)of descending aorta from 0 min to 75 min. ② Population-based input function (PBIF) developed by Yale University. Metabolic rate of FDG (MR FDG) and Distribution volume (DV) images were obtained by Patlak multi-parameter analysis software using the above input functions. The region of interest (ROI) method was used to delineate the lesions to obtain multi-parameter quantitative information, including the max, peak and mean value of MR FDG and DV. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The original data of 27 lung cancer patients who received whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were reconstructed by Patlak with two different input functions. The max, peak and mean values of MR FDG-IDIF and MR FDG-PBIF in lung cancer lesions were as follows: (0.26 ± 0.15), (0.19 ± 0.12), (0.14 ± 0.08)μmol·min -1·ml -1 and (0.26 ± 0.15), ( 0.20 ± 0.13), (0.15 ± 0.09)μmol·min -1·ml -1, with no statistically significant difference between two functions( P > 0.05). The max, peak and mean values of DV IDIF and DV PBIF were (165.56 ± 99.89)%, (117.66 ± 72.24)%, (62.16 ± 33.65)% and(170.04 ± 103.93)%, (121.91 ± 73.71)%, (65.05 ± 37.17)%, with no statistically significant difference between two functions ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The population-based input function may be an alternative for patients who could not lie supine for long time during whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter imaging.

Construction of A Nomogram Prediction Model for PD-L1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#In recent years, immunotherapy represented by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressants has greatly changed the status of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. PD-L1 has become an important biomarker for screening NSCLC immunotherapy beneficiaries, but how to easily and accurately detect whether PD-L1 is expressed in NSCLC patients is a difficult problem for clinicians. The aim of this study was to construct a Nomogram prediction model of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients based on 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/conputed tomography (PET/CT) metabolic parameters and to evaluate its predictive value.@*METHODS@#Retrospective collection of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, clinicopathological information and PD-L1 test results of 155 NSCLC patients from Inner Mongolia People's Hospital between September 2016 and July 2021. The patients were divided into the training group (n=117) and the internal validation group (n=38), and another 51 cases of NSCLC patients in our hospital between August 2021 and July 2022 were collected as the external validation group according to the same criteria. Then all of them were categorized according to the results of PD-L1 assay into PD-L1+ group and PD-L1- group. The metabolic parameters and clinicopathological information of patients in the training group were analyzed by univariate and binary Logistic regression, and a Nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the screened independent influencing factors. The effect of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training group and the internal and external validation groups.@*RESULTS@#Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that metabolic tumor volume (MTV), gender and tumor diameter were independent influences on PD-L1 expression. Then a Nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the above independent influences. The ROC curve for the model in the training group shows an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 (95%CI: 0.683-0.856) with an optimal cutoff value of 0.538. The AUC was 0.775 (95%CI: 0.614-0.936) in the internal validation group and 0.752 (95%CI: 0.612-0.893) in the external validation group. The calibration curves were tested by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and showed that the training group (χ2=0.040, P=0.979), the internal validation group (χ2=2.605, P=0.271), and the external validation group (χ2=0.396, P=0.820) were well calibrated. The DCA curves show that the model provides clinical benefit to patients over a wide range of thresholds (training group: 0.00-0.72, internal validation group: 0.00-0.87, external validation group: 0.00-0.66).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Nomogram prediction model constructed on the basis of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters has greater application value in predicting PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients.

CT VS MR Attenuation Correction: A Systematic Review on PET Image Quality Assessment (Kaedah Pembetulan Pengecilan Menggunakan Data CT dan MR: Kajian Sistematik terhadap Penilaian Kualiti imej PET.) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the image quality performance when implementing computed tomography data (CTAC) or magnetic resonance data for attenuation correction (MRAC) on positron emission tomography (PET) images. The CTAC and MRAC were performed on image from PET/CT and PET/MR scanners, respectively. The systematic review was done based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). In this study, twelve articles were included from six databases. The image performance was evaluated by overall image quality, contrast, spatial resolution, detectability, standardised uptake value (SUV) and acquisition time. Data was shown as mean ± standard deviation and compared between CTAC and MRAC images to determine which attenuation correction method provides better image quality. Results found that PET-CTAC and PET-MRAC have similar image performance in overall image quality (p=0.93), detectabilty (p=0.84), SUVmean (p=0.84) and SUVmax (p=0.81). Meanwhile, PET-CTAC acquisition time is significantly faster than PET-MRAC by approximately two fold (p <0.05). There were no statistical analyses performed for image contrast, spatial resolution and contrast-noise-ratio due to the insufficient data. In conclusion, although PET/CT is faster than PET/MRI procedure, images yielded from CTAC and MRAC are equivalent to each other. Due to the variation of linear attenuation coefficient for each type of tissue, future review of image quality comparison can be done focusing on specific tissue or region such as soft tissue, bone and lungs to reflect the real impact of CTAC and MRAC on PET image.

Application of interim PET-CT in first-line treatment decision-making for lymphoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Recent advances in lymphoma treatment have significantly improved the survival of patients; however, the current approaches also have varying side effects. To overcome these, it is critical to implement individualized treatment according to the patient's condition. Therefore, the early identification of high-risk groups and targeted treatment are important strategies for prolonging the survival time and improving the quality of life of patients. Interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has a high prognostic value, which can reflect chemosensitivity and identify patients for whom treatment may fail under this regimen. To date, many prospective clinical studies on interim PET (iPET)‍-adapted therapy have been conducted. In this review, we focus on the treatment strategies entailed in these studies, as well as the means and timing of iPET assessment, with the aim of exploring the efficacy and existing issues regarding iPET-adapted treatment. It is expected that the improved use of PET-CT examination can facilitate treatment decision-making to identify precise treatment options.

18F-FDG PET/CT Prognostic Role in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Following Chemotherapy / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters for predicting therapeutic response in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features of 81 DLBCL patients enrolled between June 2015 and October 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictive factors for therapeutic response of DLBCL， based on which a predictive model was developed accordingly. The performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and calibration plots. ResultsDuring the two years after first chemotherapy， 23 patients （28.3%） developed relapse and 58 patients （71.7%） had progression-free survival （PFS）. The analysis for the predictive capability of the binary logistic regression model incorporating the PET/CT features revealed that the imaging features of 18F-FDG PET/CT after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Among them， SUVTHR-mean2 was the most important factor for predicting therapeutic response in DLBCL patients after chemotherapy， with a cutoff value of 2.00 （AUC=0.81）. Conclusions18F-FDG PET/CT showed a valuable prognostic performance for PFS in DLBCL patients after chemotherapy， with the imaging feature after chemotherapy SUVTLR-mean2 being the optimal independent predictor. Our predictive model of imaging features might have an important prognostic value in assessing the risk of disease progression， guiding the treatment and follow-up protocol， improving therapeutic efficiency and cutting down the medical cost.

How much exposure dose does a patient receive in PET/CT examination? / 中国辐射卫生

@#Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner is an irreplaceable instrument in clinical diagnosis. The exposure dose that a patient receives is the sum of the doses caused by PET and CT examination. This study discussed the exposure dose level that a patient received during PET/CT examination according to the research data. Like other radiological diagnostic methods, PET/CT examination brings benefits outweighing its radiation risk. It is not advisable to exaggerate or ignore the exposure dose. The patient’s exposure dose caused by PET/CT examination should be controlled as much as possible under the premise of meeting clinical needs.