Synergistic interaction of fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate on the inhibition of Candida glabrata phospholipase gene

Abstract Candida glabrata infections are responsible for deaths of people globally. Fluconazole is known to be less effective against C. glabrata, which developed many strategies to evade being destroyed by fluconazole. To achieve enhanced efficacy of fluconazole against C. glabrata, the interaction of fluconazole with sodium bicarbonate was investigated using the CLSI guidelines. The efficacy of fluconazole alone and in combination with sodium bicarbonate was evaluated using the time-kill and phospholipase production assays. Eventually, the expression of PLB was assessed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR to investigate the inhibitory properties of fluconazole alone and in combination with sodium bicarbonate against C. glabrata. The fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination displayed synergistic and antagonistic effects (FICI= 0.375-4.25). In C. glabrata ATCC, SN 152, and SN 164, the fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination exhibited a significant fungicidal activity (p< 0.05) but antagonistic effect in the case of SN 283. With exception of SN 283, a significant reduction was noted in phospholipase production in clinical isolates of C. glabrata treated with fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination. The PLB was down-regulated significantly by 0.168-0.515 fold in C. glabrata treated with fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate. The results suggested fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate to have a potential synergistic interaction in C. glabrata, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with phospholipase gene

Effect and Mechanism of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and Pursed-lips Breathing on Serum TNF-α，IL-8，IL-6，IL-1β and Cys-C in Patients at Stable Stage of COPD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and pursed-lips breathing (PLB) on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β and serum cystatin C (Cys-C) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the stable stage. Method: Totally 120 cases of COPD treated at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to March 2018 conformed to the inclusion criteria, and were randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases). Cases of control group received Tiotropium (18 μg/time, qd). In addition to the therapy of control group, cases of treatment group were also given Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Percent of forced expiratory volume in one second in predicted value (FEV1%), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), six-minute walk distance (6MWD),TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and Cys-C were compared between both groups. Result: After treatment, the clinical efficacy rate of observation group was 93.33%, which was evidently higher than 86.67%of control group (Pa,IL-8, IL-6,IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (Pa, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (PConclusion: Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD by reducing levels of inflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-8,IL-6, IL-1β and chronic inflammation markers serum Cys-C and inflammatory reaction, and alleviating airflow obstruction, promoting the levels of FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, pulmonary function control inflammatory factors, so as to improve pulmonary function and the quality of life in patients with COPD.

Tenodesis del biceps: comparación de técnica supra-pectoral artroscópica versus sub-pectoral abierta / Biceps tenodesis. Arthroscopic supra-pectoral versus mini-open sub-pectoral technique

Introducción: La biotenodesis es la técnica preferida para el manejo de la patología del tendón de la porción larga del bíceps en personas jóvenes, deportistas, trabajadores, y aquellos que desean evitar alguna deformidad estética. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es evaluar los resultados clínico funcionales, la satisfacción personal del paciente, y las posibles complicaciones de dos técnicas diferentes de tenodesis: Supra-pectoral Artroscopica y Sub-pectoral Abierta Materiales y Métodos: De enero de 2009 a enero de 2012 evaluamos en forma retrospectiva 81 pacientes con patología del tendón largo del biceps tratados con dos técnicas de tenodesis diferentes. Grupo A: 61 pacientes con técnica de biotenodesis artroscópica suprapectoral y Grupo B: 20 pacientes con técnica mini abierta subpectoral utilizando tornillo interferencial. Utilizamos los escores de ASES, Rowe, Simple Shoulder Test, Constant Murley y VAS, y el grado de satisfacción personal en cuanto a estética y dolor local en la cicatriz se evaluo mediante entrevistas personales y telefónicas. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 12 meses. Resultados: Grupo A: Rowe de 86 puntos, ASES de 81 puntos, el SST de 9 puntos, y Constant Murley de 87 puntos. VAS: escaso dolor post quirúrgico (2/10). El grado de satisfacción fue muy bueno. Grupo B: Rowe de 85 puntos, ASES de 82 puntos, el SST de 8,5 puntos, y el Constant Murley de 85 puntos. VAS: 3/10, mayor en el sitio del abordaje subpectoral. Molestias estéticas sobre la cicatriz en 4 casos, todos estos de sexo femenino. Conclusión: Una tenodesis íntegramente artroscópica es técnicamente mas desafiante y requiere inicialmente una curva de aprendizaje de mayor duración para realizar con éxito este procedimiento. La tenodesis subpectoral es un procedimiento más rápido, sencillo pero su elección estaría únicamente ligada a una cuestión de ahorro de tiempo quirúrgico...

Introduction: The biotenodesis is the preferred technique for handling the pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon in younger people, athletes, workers, and those wishing to avoid any cosmetic deformity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, staff, and possible complications of two different tenodesis techniques: Supra pectoral pectoral Sub Arthroscopic and Open. Materials and methods: From January 2009 to January 2012 retrospectively evaluated 81 patients with pathology of the long biceps tendon treated with two different tenodesis techniques. Group A: 61 patients with arthroscopic technique suprapectoral biotenodesis and Group B: 20 patients with mini open technique using subpectoral interference screw. We used the scores of ASES , Rowe, Simple Shoulder Test , Constant Murley and VAS , and the degree of personal satisfaction in terms of aesthetics and local pain at the scar was assessed through personal and telephone interviews. The average follow-up time was 12 months. Results: Group A: 86 points Rowe, ASES 81 points, 9 points SST , Constant and Murley 87 puntos.VAS : poor postsurgical pain (2/10). The degree of satisfaction was very good...