Psychological responses of the Philippine Physician Licensure Exam takers to the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective@#This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and the level of perceived stress of the Physician Licensure Exam (PLE) takers during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*Method@#We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey among the Physician Licensure Exam takers using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).@*Results@#Seven hundred thirty-two (732) Physician Licensure Exam takers participated in the survey, 423 (57.8%) were November takers and 309 (42.2%) were March takers who will be completing the exam on September 2020. The prevalence rates of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder among the PLE takers were 44.1% and 50.3%, respectively. November takers have a higher rate of depression (60.1%) and anxiety (52.7%) compared to the March takers (54.4% and 46.6%, respectively). The majority of the takers have moderate levels of depression (26.6%), anxiety (37.8%), and perceived stress (70.2%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of major depression between the March and November takers (p-value <0.00001) but not with generalized anxiety disorder (p-value: 0.05155). There was also no significant difference in the severity of depression (p value=0.527878), anxiety (p-value=0.883558), and levels of perceived stress (p- value=0.2476) between the March and November takers.@*Conclusions@#There was a high prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder among the PLE takers during the COVID19 pandemic. Majority of the PLE takers experienced moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.

Diseño de Estrategias para la Inclusión Laboral de Personas con Diversidad Funcional Cognitiva en la segunda Ciudad más importante del Huila / Design of Strategies for the Labor Inclusion of People with Cognitive Functional Diversity in the Second Most Important City in Huila

Resumen En el municipio de Pitalito-Huila (Colombia) se evidencia un alto grado de des conocimiento sobre la diversidad funcional cognitiva, generando una proble mática social que levanta barreras e impide la inclusión de personas en esta con dición. Es así que, el problema de inclusión laboral para personas con diversidad funcional surge del desconocimiento de esta condición, de la percepción errada sobre sus capacidades, de las deficiencias educativas en torno a las competen cias laborales y de la falta de intervención gubernamental en la divulgación de las políticas públicas de inclusión. Finalmente, se proponen estrategias bajo el modelo de innovación de la triple hélice para lograr efectividad en los procesos inclusivos de inserción social, educativa y laboral.

Abstract In the municipality of Pitalito, Huila, Colombia, there is a high degree of igno rance about cognitive functional diversity, by generating a social problem, which raises barriers and prevents the inclusion of people in this condition. Thus, the problem of labor inclusion for people with functional diversity arises from the lack of knowledge of this condition, from the wrong perception of their capabil ities, from the educational deficiencies regarding labor competencies and from the lack of governmental intervention in the dissemination of public policies for inclusion. Finally, strategies are proposed under the triple helix innovation mod el to achieve effectiveness in the inclusive processes of social, educational, and labor insertion.

Applications of new methods in extraction of flavonoids from Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Flavonoids are widely found in medicinal plants, which have important medical properties. Flavonoids were proved to have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, antitumor, antimutation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging. The extraction of flavonoids is the crucial link in their clinical applications. In recent years, many emerging Chinese medicine extraction methods have also been widely used in the extraction of flavonoids. This paper reviews the current application of new methods for flavonoid extraction, in order to provide references for the extraction, development and utilization of flavonoids. These new extraction methods include supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction (EAE), green solvent extraction, steam explosion assisted extraction, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) assisted extraction, etc.

Meta-analysis of brain functional images under N-back and DMTS paradigm in human working memory / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the similarities and differences in brain activation under N-back and DMTS paradigms of working memory. Methods Through searching of BrainMap function database by the combination keywords,a total of 122 articles with 122 experiments ( N-back: 67 experiments,937 sub-jects,900 foci;Delayed Matched to Sample: 55 experiments,806 subjects,872 foci). Maps were analyzed using the FDR PN (P<0. 0001) method based coordinates of the Montreal Neurological Institute ( MNI) space. Results In the combine of the N-back and DMTS paradigms,these regions were activated including the bilateral inferior parietal lobe (Left: -36,-52,44; Right: 38,-52,48) and insula(Left:-34,22,0;Right:34,24,2),the superior frontal gyrus (2,16,50) and inferior frontal gyrus (-44,8,30) of the left brain,and the middle frontal ( 46,36,24) and sub-gyral ( 30,4,56) of the right brain. The N-back paradigm was similar to the above results,whereas the DMTS paradigm only activated the precentral gyrus (-50,8, 34) of the left brain and the right insula ( 34,24,4) . Conclusion The neural circuit of working memory is the frontal-parietal networks. N-back paradigm with the brain activation consists to the neural circuit of work-ing memory. However,DMTS paradigm activates less brain regions and is inconsistent to the neurons of work-ing memory.

Influencia de los entornos personales de aprendizaje en las habilidades metacognitivas asociadas a la escritura digital

Implementar un Entorno Personal de Aprendizaje (PLE) como estrategia pedagógica, requiere de una dinámica planificada y contextualizada, en función de motivar al estudiante hacia el logro de los propósitos de aprendizajes. Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación que tuvo dentro de sus objetivos explorar la influencia de las características para gestionar recursos, interactuar y colaborar de los entornos personales de aprendizaje en las habilidades metacognitivas asociadas a la escritura digital en la educación media. El enfoque asumido en el estudio fue mixto, participaron 26 estudiantes de grado décimo, quienes durante 15 sesiones elaboraron tres producciones textuales digitales apoyados por los recursos que les ofrecía su PLE. Los principales resultados mostraron que las características para gestionar recursos que posee el PLE influyeron significativamente en las acciones referentes a la planeación, producción y revisión de la tarea de escritura digital.

To implement a Personal Environment of Learning (PLE) as pedagogic strategy it needs of a planned dynamics and contextualized, depending on motivating the student towards the achievement of the intentions of learnings. This article is the result of an investigation that had inside his aims explore the influence of the characteristics to manage resources, to interact and to contribute of the personal environments of learning in the skills metacognitivas associated to the digital writing in the average education. The approach assumed in the study was mixed, there took part the 26 students of high school, who during 15 meetings elaborated three textual digital productions supported by the resources that his PLE was offering them. The principal results showed that the characteristics to manage resources that the PLE possesses influenced significantly the actions relating to the plantation, production and review of the task of digital writing.

A implementação de um ambiente de aprendizagem pessoal (PLE) como estratégia pedagógica exige uma dinâmica e contextualizada planejado, de acordo com a motivar os alunos no sentido de alcançar efeitos de aprendizagem. Este artigo é o resultado de uma investigação que teve entre seus objetivos para explorar a influência de recursos para a gestão dos recursos, interagir e colaborar ambientes de aprendizagem pessoal habilidades metacognitivas associados à escrita digital no ensino secundário. A abordagem adoptada no estudo foi mista, com a participação de 26 alunos do segundo ano, que por 15 sessões produzidos três produções textuais digitais suportados por resorces sua PLE. Os principais resultados mostraram que os recursos para gerir os recursos detidos pelo PLE influenciou significativamente as ações relativas ao planejamento, produção e revisão da tarefa de escrita digital.

Correlation Analysis between Morning Blood Pressure Surge and Coronary Microvascular dysfunction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between morning blood pressure surge and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.Methods 58 cases of patients with hypertension in our hospital were given 24 h ambu-latory blood pressure monitoring(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM).The coronary microvascular dys-function was estimated by the index of microcirculatory resistance(IMR). All cases were given biochemical test-ing,included TCH,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c and SUA.Results According to whether ABMP was arise,the patient were divided into MBPS group(n=21)and the Non-MBPS group(n=37).24 h,day,night and morning peak of systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the morning peak group than in the average morning peak group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that,MBPS,24 h average systolic blood pressure,day average systolic blood pressure,night average systolic blood pressure,and age were independent risk factors for coronary artery disease.Conclusion Morning blood pressure surge is closely related to severity of coronary microcirculation dysfunction. It is an independent risk factor for coronary microcirculation dysfunction. To control the blood pres-sure in patients with hypertension effectively can reduce morning peak target organ damage.

Confirming Indicators of Qualitative Results by Chromatography-mass Spectrome-try in Biological Samples / 法医学杂志

B ecause of the exist of com plex m atrix, the confirm ing indicators of qualitative results for toxic substances in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry are different from that in non-biological sam ples. E ven in biological sam ples, the confirm ing indicators are different in various ap-plication areas. T his paper review s the sim ilarities and differences of confirm ing indicators for the ana-lyte in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry in the field of forensic toxicological analysis and other application areas. T hese confirm ing indicators include retention tim e (R T ), relative re-tention tim e (R R T ), signal to noise (S/N ), characteristic ions, relative abundance of characteristic ions, parent ion-daughter ion pair and abundance ratio of ion pair, etc.

Suture ligation and injection of PLE in the treatment of large venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region / 实用口腔医学杂志

15 cases of large venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region involving in multiple anatomical sites were treated by suture ligation and injection of pingyangmycin oleum iodisatum emulsion(PLE) for 2-5 times.Treatment effect of grade Ⅳ was observed in 12 cases,grade Ⅲ in 3 cases.No severe systemic adverse reaction and no local adverse reation were obseved in all cases.Suture ligation and PLE injection can enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse reactions in the treatment of large venous malformations of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Antioxidant effect of persimmon leaf extract to HEK293-APPswe transgenic cells and effect to Nrf2/HO-1 pathway / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) on HEK293-APPswe transgenic cells (20E2).Methods:To determine whether the 20E2 cells model was successfully established,the level of Aβ1-40 in SH-SY5Y was detected and 20E2 cells(HEK293 cells stably expressing Swedish mutant APP)cultured in vivo by ELISA kit,and the expression of APP protein level was detected by Western blot.Cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method and then selected the best concentration.Set groups:SH-SY5Y as normal control group (NC group),20E2 as model group (20E2 group),treating with PLE as treating group (20E2+PLE group).Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of each group were detected with DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.The extracellular level of Aβ1-42 were detected by ELISA kit.Cytoplasmic Nrf2,Nuclear Nri2,Whole-cell HO-1 were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with model group,the expressions of ROS,Aβ1-42 were down-regulated and the Nuclear Nrf2 and Whole-cell HO-1 were up-regulated in 20E2+PLE group.Conclusion:PLE can reduce the level of oxidative stress of model group effectively,it possibly reduce the aggregation of Aβ1-42 and prevent oxidizing via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Antibiotic susceptibilities and virulence genes of clinically isolated Salmonella enterica serovars ;Schwarzengrund strains / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the antibiotic susceptibilities and the profiles of virulence genes of clinically isolated Salmonella enterica serovars Schwarzengrund ( S. Schwarzengrund) strains for bet-ter understanding the epidemiological trend of this type of non-typhoidal Salomonella and to provide guide-lines for the prevention and treatment of S. Schwarzengrund infection. Methods Stool samples and clinical data of patients with acute diarrhea who received treatment in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical Univer-sity during May, 2014 to October, 2014 were collected for this study. Enrichment culture and biochemical identification were used to isolate and identify the S. Schwarzengrund strains. The isolated strains were fur-ther analyzed with serotyping analysis, drug susceptibility test, pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) and multiple locus sequence typing ( MLST ) . The representative genes carried by Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1-5, SPI regulators and virulence plasmids were amplified by PCR. The coding genes of CdtB-islet, which were cdtB, pltA and pltB were amplified and sequenced. Results In total, 16 (14. 8%) out of 108 non-typhoidal Salmonella strains were identified as S. Schwarzengrund strains and all of them were sus-ceptible to 11 kinds of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolone, ampicillin, ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole. PFGE categorized the 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains into 3 clusters including A clone ( 14 strains), B clone (1 strain) and C clone (1 strain). The strains that isolated from 8 patients who ate the same food belonged to one cluster ( A clone ) , suggesting that it was an outbreak of infection. The 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains showed identical MLST type, which was ST241. The representative genes carried by SPI1-5 ( invA, sitC, hilA, sseL, sifA, mgtC, siiE and sopB) , the regulatory gene ( phoP) and the cytole-thal distending toxin islet (CdtB-islet) coding genes (cdtB, pltA and pltB) were positive, while the genes carried by virulence plasmids (pefA, prot6E and spvB) were negative. The similarities in CdtB-islet coding genes and amino acids sequences between Salmonella typhi and S. Schwarzengrund strains in this study were more than 97% and 98%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, polyclonal S. Schwarzengrund strains of ST241 type were isolated from the patients. They were susceptible to common antibiotics, but carried the virulence genes contained in SPI1-5 and CdtB-islet coding genes and might cause an outbreak of infection. Attention should be paid to the tendency and threat of clinical S. Schwarzengrund infection and continuous surveillance and investigation should be performed.

Therapeutic Potential of Carica Papaya L. Leaf Extract in Treatment of Dengue Patients.

Carica papaya leaf extracts are known to have many beneficial medicinal properties. Recent studies have claimed possible beneficial effects of Carica papaya leaf extracts in treating patients with dengue infection. The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Carica papaya leaf extracts in treating dengue patients. Carica papaya leaf extracts were given to dengue infected patients and their blood samples were daily monitored. Polyserositis condition of the patients was analysed by ultrasonography before and after the completion of Carica papaya leaf extract treatment. Repeated Measures ANOVA and descriptive measures such as mean, standard error values were calculated. Before the administration of Carica papaya leaf extracts the patients had a low WBC and platelet counts. After the administration of Carica papaya leaf extracts there was a good amount of increase in the counts of WBC and platelets (p<0.05) in all the patients and the patients started recovering from dengue infection. Ultrasonographic findings revealed clearance in pleural ascites, pericardiac effusion and peritoneal ascites. Blood analysis reports, ultrasonographic findings, statistical results and patients recovery from dengue infection clearly shows the therapeutic role of Carica papaya leaf extracts in treating dengue infected patients. Further studies are necessary for identification of the compounds present in Carica papaya leaf extract and exploring their therapeutic role in curing dengue infection.

ANA and anti-CCP detection in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship with depression / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of antinuclear antibodies(ANA) ,anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti‐CCP) in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) ,and analyze its relation with depression .Methods ANA ,anti‐CCP were detected in 58 elderly RA patients ,50 non‐RA and 50 healthy people .Self‐rating Depression Scale(SDS) was used to assess the incidence of depression .Results The positive rate of anti‐CCP in RA group was significantly higher than that in control group and non‐RA group(P0 .05) .The positive rates of anti‐CCP and ANA in active stage were significantly higher than those in stable stage(P<0 .05) .The positive rates of anti‐CCP and ANA in RA complicated with depression were significantly higher than those in RA without depression(P<0 .05) .Multiple linear regression analysis showed that positive rates of anti‐CCP and ANA were all in‐dependent influence factors of depression in elderly RA patients(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Anti‐CCP and ANA in elderly RA patients over express ,and the positive rates are positively related with disease activity and depression .

Colon Interposition after Radical Total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy in a Patient with Subtotal Gastrectomy

The principle treatment for cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer with esophageal invasion is radical total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (PLE), and it is necessary to totally reconstruct the defect of the resected organ. Stomach, small bowel, colon, a laryngotracheal flap and a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap can all be used. We commonly use stomach because stomach has a rich blood supply and a low incidence of leakage. But in this present reported case, because previous radical subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy had been done, we had to use colon for reconstruction. We use the left colon and left colic artery, and there were no complications. We report here on using the left colon and left colic artery to reconstruct a PLE defect for the first time in Korea.

Use of the Stomach as an Esophageal Substitute after Total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for Treating Cervical Esophageal Cancer or Hypopharyngeal Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the post operative outcome of reconstruction with using the stomach after performing total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer or cervical esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 23 patients who underwent gastric pull up for esophageal substitution at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between January 1991 and December 2006. All the patients had transhiatal esophagectomy performed without thoracotomy. RESULTS: There were seventeen males and six females with a median age of 58.1 years (range: 40-70 years). 19 cases were hypopharyngeal cancer, 13 cases had cancer in the pyriform sinus, 15 cases had cancer in the postcricoid area and one case had cancer in the glottic area. The rest were cervical esophageal cancers. The pathologic result was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. The median total follow-up period was 33 months (range: 1-62 months) and there were two (8.6%) postoperative deaths: one was due to carotid rupture and the other was due to hepatic failure with liver metastasis. The complications were leakage in 1 patient (4.4%), pneumothorax in 1 patient (4.4%) and pneumonia in 1 patient (4.4%). CONCLUSION: The use of stomach for esophageal reconstruction has many benefits for treating hypopharyngeal cancer or cervical esophageal cancer, So, we made sure there was a sufficient length for the anastomosis after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and a rich blood supply from the stomach. There was a low incidence of the leakage at the anastomotic site, along with a low incidence of stenosis and bleeding.

A Case of Protein-losing Enteropathy Treated with High Dose Intravenous Glucocorticoid Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 영남의대학술지

Generalized edema and hypoalbuminemia are relatively common presenting manifestations in many clinical situations. The differential diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia include: Kwashiorkor, synthetic dysfunction of the liver, and excessive protein loss as in nephrotic syndrome. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema are most commonly due to protein loss associated with lupus nephritis; gastrointestinal involvement is uncommon, and therefore protein loss through the gastrointestinal tract is quite rare. We report a case of a protein losing enteropathy (PLE) associated with SLE. The patient was referred to our hospital for generalized edema, arthralgia and facial rash. After clinical evaluation, the patient met the criteria for the SLE diagnosis; hypoalbuminemia with general edema was consistent with a protein losing enteropathy. After two weeks of therapy with parenteral high dose glucocorticoid, the patients was improved in laboratory findings as well as clinical symptoms.

A Case of Immature Ovarian Teratoma Combined with Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis / 대한산부인과학회지

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare neurologic disorder that can be combined with several systemic tumor. PLE is commonly associated with small cell lung carcinoma, but others are uncommon. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be a autoimmune disorder developing secondary to carcinomatous process. Progressive neurologic symptoms usually predate the diagnosis of cancer, most symptoms usually improve after resection of tumor. PLE can combined with several tumors, but it is very rare with immature ovarian teratoma. We report a case of 31-year-old woman with PLE combined with an immature ovarian teratoma whose neurologic symptoms improved after resection of primary tumor.

A Case of Protein-Losing Enteropathy Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 대한류마티스학회지

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic disease that can affect most organ system, although gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are relatively uncommon. Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is associated with several clinical disorders, but it is an unusual manifestation of SLE. Of over 20 reported cases of PLE associated with SLE, the pathogenesis of lupus associated PLE remains unclear. We describe a patient with edema, diarrhea, abdomianl pain, and hypoalbuminemia who had been diagnosed SLE. PLE was diagnosed by the method of alpha1-antitrypsin clearance in stool.