A segurança como fator-chave para a cidade inteligente, a confiança dos cidadãos e o uso de tecnologias / La seguridad como factor clave para la ciudad inteligente, la confianza de los ciudadanos y el uso de las tecnologías / Security as a key factor for the smart city, citizens' trust, and the use of technologies

Resumo As cidades inteligentes vêm crescendo ao redor do mundo, impulsionadas por inovações tecnológicas. Com elas surgem diversas oportunidades, mas também novas ameaças à segurança e privacidade do usuário nessa realidade interconectada. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a percepção de segurança e confiança na tecnologia por parte dos cidadãos e como esta afeta a propensão ao seu uso e, consequentemente, à vida na cidade inteligente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um survey (n = 601), por meio do método PLS-SEM, para testar as hipóteses formuladas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que o modelo proposto demonstra ser consistente. As relações "confiança e segurança subjetiva" e "segurança objetiva e privacidade de dados" obtiveram relações mais consistentes, assegurando a forte influência das barreiras "tangíveis" e "intangíveis" da percepção de segurança. Dessa forma, para obter e manter a confiança dos usuários, as instituições por trás da tecnologia precisam estar atentas à opinião deles e da sociedade, de forma a manter uma boa reputação para que possam, assim, perpetuar uma percepção positiva de segurança. Conclui-se, assim, que o conceito de segurança adquire uma nova dimensão no contexto da cidade inteligente por ser um componente crucial para toda a sua base e estar intimamente ligado à tecnologia, além de se apresentar como uma preocupação fundamental para os governos e as entidades que buscam implementar soluções e aplicações do conceito.

Resumen Las ciudades inteligentes están creciendo en todo el mundo, impulsadas por las innovaciones tecnológicas. Con ellas surgen diversas oportunidades, pero también nuevas amenazas a nuestra seguridad y privacidad en esta realidad interconectada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la percepción de los ciudadanos sobre la seguridad y la confianza en las tecnologías y cómo afectan la propensión a usarlas y, en consecuencia, la vida en la ciudad inteligente. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta (n = 601) utilizando el método PLS-SEM para contrastar las hipótesis formuladas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el modelo propuesto resulta ser consistente. Las relaciones 'confianza y seguridad subjetiva' y 'seguridad objetiva y privacidad de datos' obtuvieron relaciones más consistentes, confirmando la fuerte influencia de las barreras 'tangibles' e 'intangibles' de la percepción de seguridad. De esta forma, para obtener y mantener la confianza de los usuarios, las instituciones que están detrás de las tecnologías deben estar atentas a su opinión y a la de la sociedad a los efectos de mantener una buena reputación, para que puedan, así, mantener una percepción positiva de la seguridad. Se concluye que el concepto de seguridad adquiere una nueva dimensión en el contexto de la ciudad inteligente, ya que es un componente crucial de toda su base, estrechamente vinculado a la tecnología además de presentarse como una preocupación fundamental para los gobiernos y entidades que buscan implementar soluciones conceptuales y aplicaciones.

Abstract Smart cities are growing around the world, driven by technological innovations. With them come several opportunities and new threats to our security and privacy in this interconnected reality. This study investigates citizens' perception of security and trust in technologies and how they affect the propensity to use them and, consequently, life in the smart city. Therefore, a survey was conducted (n = 601) using the PLS-SEM method to test the formulated hypotheses. The results obtained confirm that the proposed model proves to be consistent. The relationships between 'trust and subjective security' and 'objective security and data privacy' obtained stronger relationships, confirming the strong influence of the 'tangible' and 'intangible' barriers of the perception of security. Thus, to obtain and maintain users' trust, the institutions behind the technologies need to be attentive to the opinion of their users and society to keep a good reputation and a positive perception of security. The users' opinion is a crucial component of smart cities' entire base, closely linked to technology, and presents as a fundamental concern for governments and entities that seek to implement concept solutions and applications.

On construction of learning guidance model for undergraduates in medical schools—an empirical analysis based on PLS-SEM model / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the learning guidance model and its influencing factors of undergraduates in medical schools.Methods:Based on the developmental learning guidance theory, 1 117 undergraduates from two undergraduate medical universities were selected as the research objects, through questionnaire surveys to collect their knowledge learning, curriculum learning and other core variables, and balanced guidance, compound guidance and other outcome variables, using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the validity of the samples.Results:There were statistical significance in the path relationship affecting the core variables and the outcome variables of the learning guidance model, P<0.05, indicating that the influencing factors of the learning guidance model had a significantly positive effect on the learning guidance model construction. Conclusion:Constructing a "balanced-compound-special" learning guidance model suitable for undergraduates' learning activities in medical universities provides a reference for the application and promotion of learning guidance model in medical undergraduate stage.

Study on Behavior Willingness and Influential Factors of Pharmaceutical Enterprises in Implementing Drug Patient Assistance Program / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To improve the willin gness of chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to participate in drug patient assistance programs ，improve the level of drug use and access to innovative drugs in China and fully evaporate the supplementary role of the medical security system. METHODS ：Through grounded theoretical analysis of the interview results ，the theoretical framework of the factors affecting the implementation of drug patient assistance programs by pharmaceutical companies was proposed. The above theoretical framework was empirically studied through questionnaire survey on the personnel who understood or participated in drug patient assistance program in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises. Based on partial least squares structural equation model ，Smart PLS 3.0 software was used for data processing to analyze the influence of different factors on the willingness of pharmaceutical companies to participate in drug patient assistance programs ，and the relevant suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Economic benefits ，market competition ，social benefits and policy environment have significants impacts on the willingness of pharmaceutical enterprises to implement drug patient assistance programs. The path coefficients were 0.244 （P＜0.01），0.236 （P＜0.01），0.235 （P＜0.05），0.228 （P＜0.01）. Human resource efficiency and cooperation unit have no significant effects on the willingness of pharmaceutical enterprises to implement drug patient assistance programs（P＞0.05）. Economic benefits are in line with the nature of enterprises ’profit-making and have the most close influence. Therefore，the pricing strategy of drugs and the tax policies of government departments are very important for enterprises. Participation in market competition is also an important factor for enterprises to participate in patient assistance programs. The earlier the implementation of patient assistance ，the more opportunities of relevant drugs will be to seize more markets. The social benefits manifest as reducing the economic burden of patients ，improving the quality of life ，and promoting the social and economic development. At the same time ，enterprises have set up good social image and forms a word-of-mouth effect. The policy environment generally includes the legal environment and medical insurance policies. The legal provisions restrict the donations of pharmaceutical enterprises to a certain extent ，but corresponding regulatory measures are still essential. Medical insurance policies are closely related to the establishment and adjustment of patient assistance programs ，and the connection between medical insurance access and patient assistance programs needs to be further improved. Therefore ，from the perspective of enterprises ，it is recommended to establish a cost and benefit calculation system for drug patient assistance programs ，and broaden the publicity channels and increase the publicity intensity of patient assistance programs. From the perspective of the government ，it is recommended that tax incentives for donations should be increased，the patient assistance supervision system should be improved ，the access and adjustment rules for the drugs of patient assistance programs in medical insurance list should be clarified ，so as to promote pharmaceutical enterprises to actively participate in patient assistance programs and improve the drug use level and drug accessibility of patients.

Career Challenges Model Among Female Engineers: PLS-Sem Analysis

@#Women are likely to leave the job sector as a result of the crisis between their commitments to the career with the household interest. In response to this issue, this study aims to build a career challenge model that caters to the demand among women in this century. Hence, this study has identified the key factors to the challenges faced by female engineers in pursuing their career as an engineer through the Delphi Modified Technique. The result shows this study looking into the relationship between four independent constructs namely, life balance, childcare, leaves and gender discrimination. Meanwhile, the dependent construct of this study is career challenges faced by women. The scope of the study comprises female engineers with families and 211 respondents were selected to answer the questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using the PLS-SEM 2.0 software via the algorithm, bootstrapping and blindfolding method. The construction process of this model involves two tests including the construction of the measurement model and the structure model. Testing the measurement model involves internal consistency namely (a) convergent validity and (b) discriminant validity in which these two validities have six analyses; (i) external loading, (ii) composite reliability, (iii) average variance extracted (AVE), (iv) Fornell-Larcker, (v) cross loading, and (vi) Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT). Meanwhile, the structural model testing involves the analysis of (i) Multicollinearity (Inner VIF), (ii) Path Coefficient, (iii) R square (R2), (iv) size effect (f2), and (v) Predictive Relevance (Q2). The findings indicate that gender discrimination and life balance have significant relationships in influencing career challenges. Hence, this model is expected to contribute to the literature of Human Resource Management.