Characteristics of NAT+ blood donors screened for transfusion-transmitted infectious markers in Hainan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the epidemiological characteristics of voluntary blood donors with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) negative and nucleic acid testing (NAT) positive in Hainan from 2012 to 2022, so as to provide reference for developing rational blood screening strategies. 【Methods】 The screening results for transfusion-transmitted disease markers in 1 161 042 blood samples in Hainan from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All samples have been measured twice by ELISA and once by NAT. Statistical methods were used to analyze the proportion of ELISA negative and NAT positive (ELISA-/NAT+ ) among voluntary blood donors and its relation with factors including gender, age, ethnicity and region. 【Results】 Among the voluntary blood donors in Hainan from 2012 to 2022, the overall proportion of ELISA-/NAT+ was 0.19% (2 151/1 161 042), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The ELISA-/NAT+ rate in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA and non-discriminating reactive (NDR) was 0.10%, 0.000 3%, 0.000 4% and 0.09% respectively. The ELISA-/NAT+ rate of voluntary blood donors varied among different age groups and gradually increased with age (P<0.05). The ELISA-/NAT+ rate of male donors (0.22%, 1 729/795 032) was significantly higher than that of female donors (0.12%, 422/366 010, P<0.05). The ELISA-/NAT+ rate of Han blood donors was significantly lower than that of Li and Miao blood donors (P<0.05). The ELISA-/NAT+ rate was the highest of 0.32% (301/94 046) in the eastern region, followed by 0.30% (341/113 783) in western region, and 0.16% in both southern and northern region, which also presented a significant difference (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The ELISA-/NAT+ rate of voluntary blood donors in Hainan fluctuated from 2012 to 2022, which was related to factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and region.

Population knowledge on chronic kidney disease, its risk factors and means of prevention: a population-based study in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil / Conhecimento da população sobre a doença renal crônica, seus fatores de risco e meios de prevenção: um estudo de base populacional em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing significantly. There is evidence that a large part of the population does not have enough knowledge on the subject. Objective: To investigate the level of knowledge about CKD in the general population, its risk factors and means of prevention. Methods: We ran a cross-sectional study in the population of Fortaleza, Ceará - Brazil, between 2017 and 2020, with the application of a questionnaire on CKD, risk factors and prevention. Results: we interviewed 735 volunteers, with a mean age of 38 years, of which 55% were female. Only 17.2% correctly responded to the concept of CKD, and 5.8% knew the concept of creatinine. Low water intake was the most cited risk factor by respondents (79.3%). The main risk factors and direct causes of CKD (diabetes and hypertension) were mentioned less frequently (13.2% and 15.1%, respectively). Men were more correct regarding risk factors and ways to prevent CKD. Older respondents answered more correctly the questions about the definition of CKD (n = 22; 28.6%) and creatinine (n = 7; 9.0%). With regards to education there was a statistically significant correlation in all the questions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is little knowledge about CKD in the general population. Higher level of education is associated with better knowledge. More health education actions are needed so that the population becomes better acquainted with CKD and, consequently, can adopt more adequate prevention and control measures.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) vem aumentando de forma significativa. Há evidências de que grande parte da população não tem conhecimento suficiente sobre o assunto. Objetivo: Investigar na população geral o nível de conhecimento sobre a DRC, seus fatores de risco e meios de prevenção. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal na população de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre 2017 e 2020, com aplicação de um questionário sobre DRC, fatores de risco e prevenção. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 735 voluntários, com média de idade de 38 anos, dos quais 55% eram do sexo feminino. Apenas 17,2% responderam corretamente ao conceito de DRC, e 5,8% sabiam o conceito de creatinina. A baixa ingestão hídrica foi o fator de risco mais citado pelos entrevistados (79,3%). Os principais fatores de risco e as causas diretas de DRC (diabetes e hipertensão) foram mencionados com menor frequência (13,2% e 15,1%, respectivamente). Os homens tiveram maior acerto com relação aos fatores de risco e às formas de prevenção da DRC. Os entrevistados com idade mais avançada responderam mais corretamente às perguntas sobre a definição de DRC (n = 22; 28,6%) e creatinina (n = 7; 9,0%). No que diz respeito à escolaridade, em todas as perguntas houve correlação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Há um baixo nível de conhecimento sobre a DRC na população geral. Maior nível de escolaridade associa-se a um melhor conhecimento. São necessárias mais ações de educação em saúde para que a população conheça melhor a DRC e consequentemente possa adotar medidas de prevenção e controle mais adequadas.

Condición biopsicosocial con enfoque de género de mujeres privadas de la libertad / Biopsychosocial condition with a gender approach of women deprived of liberty

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las condiciones biopsicosociales con enfoque de género de mujeres privadas de la libertad de la Cárcel Distrital de Cartagena (Colombia), en el año 2020. Materiales y Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 130 mujeres privadas de la libertad en la Cárcel Distrital de Cartagena; se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario tipo Likert que evaluaba los aspectos sociodemográficos, el estado de salud percibido y las condiciones de reclusión. La información se analizó mediante el software SPSS versión 27. Resultados Las reclusas reportaron tener una edad entre 30 y 39 años (28,5%), así como tener hijos (91,5%), ser de estrato uno (74,6%) y ser bachilleres (53,8%). Entre los aspectos físicos se encontró: IMC normal (40%), no se reportaron ETS (96,2%), el estado de salud percibido fue bueno (48,5%). Con referencia a las condiciones ambientales, se presentaron pocas molestias (41,5%), estrés a menudo (50%) y relaciones interpersonales excelentes (48,5%). Discusión A diferencia de otros estudios, los hallazgos hechos por la investigación muestran un panorama distinto en relación con las condiciones biopsicosociales de un grupo de mujeres privadas de la libertad, especialmente por los resultados de enfermedades, consumo de alcohol, drogas y tabaco. Sin embargo, es necesario desarrollar acciones para prevenir alteraciones cardiovasculares y de salud sexual y reproductiva. Por otro lado, se encontró la percepción de buen estado de salud y pocas molestias (comida, violencia, compañeras, etc.), así como buen ambiente interpersonal con los guardias y con el personal de la cárcel. Finalmente, se halló similitud con algunos estudios que evidencian estrés como consecuencia del quebranto de las relaciones familiares y las características propias de la reclusión.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the biopsychosocial conditions with a gender approach of women deprived of liberty in the District Prison of Cartagena-Colombia 2020. Materials and Methods Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 130 women deprived of liberty in the Cartagena District Jail, using convenience sampling. A questionnaire was applied to assess sociodemographic aspects, perceived health status and conditions of confinement. The information was analyzed using SPSS software version 27. Results The inmates reported being 30-39 years old (28.5%), having children (91.5%), being from stratum one (74.6%), and having a high school diploma (53.8%). Among the physical aspects of the women, a normal BMI was highlighted (40%), no STD reported (96.2%), health status perceived as good (48.5%). Environmental conditions, few discomforts (41.5%), stress often (50%) and excellent interpersonal relations (48.5%). Discussion Unlike other studies, the findings obtained by the research show a different panorama in relation to the biopsychosocial conditions of a group of women deprived of liberty; especially for the results of diseases, consumption of alcohol, drugs and tobacco; however, it is necessary to develop actions to prevent cardiovascular alterations and sexual and reproductive health. On the other hand, the perception of good health and few discomforts (food, violence, companions, etc.) was found, as well as a good interpersonal environment with prison guards and staff. Finally, similarities were found with some studies that show stress as a result of the breakdown of family relationships and the characteristics of imprisonment.

Blood screening results of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an district from 2012 to 2021: a retrospective study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the population characteristics, the reasons for deferral and the changing trend of unqualified rate of blood test of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an, so as to provide a data support for recruiting low-risk regular blood donors, reducing unqualified rate, improving blood safety and blood quality. 【Methods】 The age, gender, occupation, education and unqualified blood test of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an area from 2012 to 2021 were classified and analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 The number of voluntary blood donors in Xi′an increased year by year from 2012 to 2021, while the overall unqualified rate of blood test kept decreasing, with an overall unqualified rate at 2.36%, which was at a middle level in China. There were more male blood donors than female donors, and the highest proportion of blood donors in terms of age, occupation and education was between 21-30 years old group (40.19%), other occupation group(21.75%), and undergraduate and above group (32.61%) respectively. The total unqualified rate was ALT (0.68%)>HBsAg (0.55%) > anti -HCV (0.48%) > anti -TP (0.43%) > anti -HIV (0.17%). The unqualified rate of blood donors aged 31 to 40 was the highest. With the increase of academic qualifications, the unqualified rate generally showed a gradual downward trend. The unqualified rate of soldiers, teachers, civil servants and medical workers was low, while the unqualified rates of various items of students were high. There were seasonal differences in the total number of blood donors, the total unqualified rate and the unqualified rate of each item (except anti -HIV). 【Conclusion】 The voluntary blood donors are mainly males, aged 21 to 30, with other occupations and with bachelor degree or above. Regular voluntary blood donation teams in this area should be established among soldiers, teachers, civil servants, medical workers and highly educated groups, and more attention should be paid to health consultation for workers, farmers and students before blood donation.

The National Wealth Score in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) / O Indicador Econômico Nacional no Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019) / El Indicador Económico Nacional en el Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019)

The National Wealth Score (IEN) is a synthetic household index that assesses socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to present the methods used to update the IEN using data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The following items were included: the education level of the mother or caregiver of the child; the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, TV sets, and cars in the household; and the presence of a radio, refrigerator or freezer, washing machine, microwave oven, telephone line, computers, air conditioner, media player devices, cable or satellite TV, cell phone ownership and type of service, cell phone internet, and internet at the household. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the IEN with and without incorporating the complex sampling design (CSD). Thus, the IEN validation considered proxy indicators of socioeconomic status and living conditions. The first component of the PCA explained 31% and 71% of the variation with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the IEN were 53.4% and 2.6% with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The mean IEN score was lower in households without access to a sewage system, those that received benefits from Brazilian Income Transfer Program, those with some degree of food insecurity, and those with stunted children. Adding ENANI-2019 items to the calculation of IEN to capture technological advances resulted in a better fit of the model. Incorporating the CSD increased PCA performance and the IEN precision. The new IEN has an adequate performance in determining the socioeconomic status of households with children aged under five years.

O Indicador Econômico Nacional (IEN) é um índice domiciliar sintético que avalia condições socioeconômicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os métodos utilizados para atualização do IEN a partir de dados do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Foram incluídos os seguintes itens: escolaridade da mãe/cuidador da criança; o número de quartos e banheiros, aparelhos de TV e carros no domicílio; a presença de rádio, geladeira ou freezer, máquina de lavar, forno micro-ondas, linha telefônica, computadores, ar-condicionado, aparelhos multimídia, TV a cabo ou via satélite, propriedade e tipo de serviço de telefone celular, rede de dados de telefone celular e internet no domicílio. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) foi utilizada para estimar o IEN com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa. Assim, a validação do IEN considerou indicadores proxy de nível socioeconômico e condições de vida. O primeiro componente da ACP explicou 31% e 71% da variação com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de variação do IEN foram de 53,4% e 2,6% com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. O escore médio do IEN foi menor em domicílios sem acesso a esgoto, naqueles que receberam benefícios do Programa Bolsa Família, naqueles com algum grau de insegurança alimentar e naqueles com crianças com déficit de crescimento. A adição de itens do ENANI-2019 ao cálculo do IEN, a fim de capturar os avanços tecnológicos, resultou em um melhor ajuste do modelo. A incorporação da amostragem complexa aumentou o desempenho da ACP e a precisão do IEN. O novo IEN tem um desempenho adequado na determinação do nível socioeconômico de domicílios com crianças menores de cinco anos.

El Indicador Económico Nacional (IEN) es un índice domiciliar que evalúa las condiciones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar los métodos utilizados en la actualización del IEN con base en datos del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Se incluyeron los siguientes ítems: nivel educativo de la madre/cuidador del niño; la cantidad de dormitorios y baños, televisores y autos en el hogar; la tenencia de radio, heladera o freezer, lavadora, horno de microondas, línea telefónica, computadoras, aire acondicionado, equipo multimedia, televisión por cable o satélite, titularidad y tipo de servicio de telefonía celular, red de datos celular e internet en el hogar. Se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para estimar el IEN con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo. Así, la validación del IEN consideró indicadores proxy de nivel socioeconómico y condiciones de vida. El primer componente ACP explicó el 31% y el 71% de la variación con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. Los coeficientes de variación del IEN fueron el 53,4% y el 2,6% con y sin incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. El puntaje medio del IEN fue menor en los hogares sin acceso a alcantarillado, en aquellos que recibieron beneficios del Programa Bolsa Família, en aquellos con algún grado de inseguridad alimentaria y en aquellos con niños con retraso en el crecimiento. La incorporación de los ítems del ENANI-2019 en el cálculo del IEN, con el fin de capturar los avances tecnológicos, dio como resultado un mejor ajuste del modelo. La incorporación de muestreo complejo incrementó el desempeño de la ACP y la precisión del IEN. El nuevo IEN tiene un desempeño adecuado para estimar el nivel socioeconómico de los hogares con niños menores de cinco años.

Analysis of 45,507 surgical treatment of distal tibia and malleolar fractures over 14 years / Análise de 45.507 tratamentos cirúrgicos das fraturas distais da tíbia e do tornozelo ao longo de 14 anos

ABSTRACT The distal leg joint fractures are among the most common fractures in humans across all age groups, and 50% of them require surgical treatment. Few studies discuss the epidemiology and costs of this fracture in the global and national literature. Objective: To evaluate the annual incidence and reimbursement value of distal leg joint fractures requiring surgical treatment from 2008 to 2021. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the complex structured data of high volume and high variability (Big Data), publicly available on the TabNet platform (DATASUS), via software with artificial intelligence. Data from 2008 to 2021 on surgical treatment for malleolar fracture, distal tibia fracture, and isolated fibula fracture were analyzed. Results: From 2008 to 2021, there was an average incidence of 28.8 fractures/105 inhabitants per year, representing 14.62% of all fractures. The total amount paid for hospitalizations due to these fractures was R$ 34,218,014.62 over these 14 years. Conclusion: The incidence of distal leg joint fractures follows the pattern of those recorded in other countries. The adjustment of reimbursement over the years was lower than the accumulated inflation. Level of Evidence II, Economic and Decision Analyses - Developing an Economic or Decision Model.

RESUMO As fraturas articulares distais da perna estão entre as fraturas mais comuns do ser humano ao longo de todas as faixas etárias, e 50% delas necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico. Existem poucos trabalhos discutindo a epidemiologia e os custos dessa fratura na literatura mundial e, principalmente, na nacional. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência anual e o valor de reembolso das fraturas distais da perna com indicação para tratamento cirúrgico entre os anos de 2008 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo para analisar os dados complexos estruturados de alto volume e alta variabilidade (Big Data), disponibilizados publicamente na plataforma TabNet (Datasus), através de um software com inteligência artificial. Foram analisados os dados de 2008 a 2021 do tratamento cirúrgico de fratura maleolar, fratura distal da tíbia e fratura isolada da fíbula. Resultados: Entre 2008 e 2021, houve incidência média de 28,8 fraturas/105 habitantes-ano, representando 14,62% de todas as fraturas. O valor total pago pelas internações dessas fraturas foi de R$ 34.218.014,62 ao longo desses 14 anos. Conclusão: A incidência das fraturas articulares distais da perna acompanha o padrão daqueles registrados em outros países. O reajuste do repasse ao longo dos anos foi inferior à inflação acumulada. Nível de Evidência II, Análises Econômicas e de Decisão - Desenvolvimento de Modelo Econômico ou de Decisão.

Nivel de conocimiento sobre donación de órganos y factores sociodemográficos en los estudiantes de Medicina: estudio transversal

Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de conocimiento sobre donación de órganos (NCD) de los estudiantes del décimo semestre de la carrera profesional de Medicina Humana y su relación con algunas variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, tipo encuesta, en el cual se incluyeron 121 alumnos de una universidad peruana. Se utilizó un cuestionario que contiene 5 características sociodemográficas y 10 preguntas acerca del NCD. Además del análisis descriptivo, se comparó el NCD con las características sociodemográficas, para lo cual se utilizó el estadístico ji al cuadrado, considerando una relación significativa cuando el valor de p fue menor de 0,05. Resultados: La edad promedio de los alumnos fue de 23 ± 2,3 años, 51,2 % fueron de sexo masculino, 78,5 % profesaban alguna religión, 83,5 % adquirieron sus conocimientos de un entorno académico y 24,8 % tuvieron un familiar o amigo cercano que necesitaba trasplante de órganos. El 47 % registraron un NCD alto; 42 %, medio, y 11 %, bajo. En el análisis bivariado no se encontró relación entre el NCD según el grupo etario (p = 0,696), el sexo (p = 0,794), el origen de su conocimiento (p = 0,734) o si tuvieron un contacto cercano relacionado a donación (p = 0,269); pero sí se relacionó favorablemente (p = 0,008; IC 95% 0,008-0,011) con profesar alguna religión. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los alumnos del décimo semestre de la carrera de Medicina Humana tuvieron un NCD alto, y este hallazgo estuvo relacionado a que los alumnos profesaban alguna religión.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of organ donation (LKD) in tenth-semester Human Medicine students and its relationship with some sociodemographic variables. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey study conducted with 121 students from a Peruvian university. A questionnaire consisting of five sociodemographic characteristics and 10 questions about LKD was used. Besides the descriptive analysis, a chi-square test was used to compare LKD with the sociodemographic characteristics, considering a significant relationship when the p value was less than 0.05. Results: The average age of the students was 23 ± 2.3 years, 51.2 % were males, 78.5 % practiced a religion, 83.5 % acquired their knowledge in an academic environment and 24.8 % had a family member or close friend who needed an organ transplant. Forty-seven percent (47 %), 42 % and 11 % of the students had a high, medium and low LKD, respectively. According to the bivariate analysis, there was no relationship between LKD and the age group of the students (p = 0.696), their sex (p = 0.794), the origin of their knowledge (p = 0.734) or having an acquaintance who needed an organ donation (p = 0.269); however, it was related (p = 0.008; 95% CI 0.008 - 0.011) to practicing a religion. Conclusions: Most tenth-semester Human Medicine students had a high LKD, which was related to practicing a religion.

Sociodemographic, family and clinical characteristics associated with smoking cessation intention among smokers treated in a quaternary care hospital / Características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas asociadas con la intención de cesación del tabaquismo en fumadores atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel

Abstract Introduction: Smoking cessation interventions are a priority in medical care settings, including hospitals. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic, family, and clinical characteristics of smokers treated in a quaternary care hospital and to establish the variables associated with smoking cessation intention in order to optimize the management of this risk factor in the hospital setting. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 321 active smokers treated between April 2018 and November 2019 in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Smoking prevalence was calculated, and participants' sociodemographic, family, and clinical information was obtained and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associations between said variables and cessation intention were established by means of bivariate (chi-squared test) and multivariate analyses (ordinal logistic regression model with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals). Results: Smoking prevalence was 8.89% (95%CI: 7.97-9.82), (N=3609; n=321 active smokers). Most participants were men (66.67%), had a low or middle socioeconomic status (96.89%) and a basic educational level (52.34%), and 42.06% were between 46 and 64 years old. The majority of active smokers had a mild degree of smoking consumption and low level of nicotine dependence (78.82% and 81.62%, respectively). Furthermore, 78.82% reported previous attempts to quit smoking. Nuclear family was the predominant family type (58.57%), and 40.19% of smokers experienced some degree of family dysfunction. Smokers with more perceived benefits derived from smoking cessation and high self-efficacy are more likely to make a smoking cessation attempt (OR=9.44, 95%CI:1.27-85.03 and OR=3.73, 95%CI:1.55-8.78, respectively). Conclusions: The identification and characterization of smokers in the hospital setting provides useful insights to personalize smoking cessation interventions.

Resumen Introducción. Las intervenciones dirigidas a la cesación del tabaquismo son una prioridad en los escenarios de atención médica, incluido el hospitalario. Objetivos. Describir las características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas de fumadores atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel y establecer las variables asociadas con la intención de cesación del tabaquismo con el fin de optimizar el manejo de este factor de riesgo en el entorno hospitalario. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 321 fumadores activos atendidos entre abril de 2018 y noviembre de 2019 en Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Se calculó la prevalencia de tabaquismo y se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, familiar y clínica, la cual fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva. Se establecieron asociaciones entre dichas variables y la intención de cesación mediante un análisis bivariado (prueba X2) y uno multivariado (modelo de regresión logística ordinal con sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza al 95%). Resultados. La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo fue de 8.89% (IC95%: 7.97-9.82), (N=3 609; n=321 fumadores activos). La mayoría fueron hombres (66.67%), de estrato socioeconómico bajo o medio (96.89%), con nivel educativo básico (52.34%) y el 42.06% estaban entre los 46 y 64 años. La mayoría de los fumadores activos tenían un grado leve de tabaquismo y un bajo nivel de dependencia a la nicotina (78.82% y 81.62%, respectivamente); además, el 78.82% reportó intentos previos de cesación. El tipo de familia predominante fue la nuclear (58.57%) y 40.19% de los fumadores experimentaban algún grado de disfuncionalidad familiar. Los fumadores con mayor percepción de beneficios derivados de dejar de fumar y con alta autoeficacia tienen una mayor probabilidad de realizar un intento de cesación de tabaquismo (OR=9.44; IC95%: 1.27-85.03 and OR=3.73; 95%CI: 1.55-8.78, respectivamente). Conclusiones. La identificación y caracterización de fumadores en el entorno hospitalario brinda claves para personalizar las intervenciones de cesación del tabaquismo.

Sociodemography and epidemiology of the population attended in a psychological care center in Mexico / Sociodemografía y epidemiología de la población atendida en un centro de atención psicológica en México

Abstract: Objective: It was to analyze the sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of the population attending psychotherapy. Materials and Method: Design was quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal of 322 files. Results: It was found that the majority is male (60%), young (33%), Catholic (81%) and with basic school (26%). Females present more anxiety disorders (56%), related to trauma and stressors (71.4%), personality (75%), primary support group (65%), child neglect (80%), abuse (71.4%) and others related to social environment (62.5%). Males had neurodevelopmental (100%), impulse control/behavioral (70%) and family upbringing (54.4%) problems. Most frequent problems are the parent-child relationship (14.6%), conflicts with the partner (8.9%) and life phase (6.1%). Conclusions: Instead of individual problems, most of population (especially women) attended derive from difficulties in their environment (insecurity, poverty) or from the lack of social skills to manage their interpersonal relationships in an assertive manner (parenting styles, resolution of couple problems). Aggressive masculinity is present in many situations, even when patients did not realize it when attending the service.

Resumen: Objetivo: Fue analizar las características sociodemográficas y diagnósticas de la población en psicoterapia. Materiales y Método: Diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de 322 expedientes. Resultados: La mayoría es masculina (60%), joven (33%), católica (81%) y con secundaria (26%). Las mujeres presentan más trastornos de ansiedad (56%), relacionados con traumas y estresores (71,4%), personalidad (75%), grupo de apoyo primario (65%), abandono infantil (80%), abuso (71,4%) y otros relacionados con el entorno social (62,5%). Los varones tenían problemas de neurodesarrollo (100%), control de impulsos/conducta (70%) y educación familiar (54,4%). Los problemas más frecuentes son la relación padre-hijo (14,6%), los conflictos con la pareja (8,9%) y la fase vital (6,1%). Conclusiones: En lugar de tratarse de problemáticas individuales, la mayoría de los problemas (especialmente para las mujeres) se derivan de las dificultades de su entorno (inseguridad, pobreza) o de la falta de habilidades sociales para manejar sus relaciones interpersonales de manera asertiva (estilos de crianza, resolución de problemas de pareja). La masculinidad agresiva se encuentra presente en muchas de las situaciones atendidas, aún cuando los pacientes no habían tomado conciencia de ello al llegar al servicio.

Caracterización clínica, riesgo de pie diabético y su asociación con el nivel de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Clinical description, risk of diabetic foot disease and its association with the level of self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / Caracterização clínica, risco de pé diabético e sua associação com o nível de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

ntroducción: el pie diabético es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus que causa importantes afectaciones en la calidad de vida. Este puede prevenirse mediante acciones concretas y simples de cuidado rutinario pedio. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, el riesgo de pie diabético y su asociación con el nivel de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la ciudad de Tunja. Metodología: estu d i o cuantitativo de corte transversal, con muestra de 79 participantes seleccionados por conveniencia; las mediciones incluyeron la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, así como la clasificación en categoría de riesgo y nivel de autocuidado. El análisis de datos univariado y bivariado se realizó mediante el programa SPSS (versión 27). Resultados: los participantes tenían una edad promedio de 61,8 años, la mayoría eran mujeres (62,0 %), con antecedentes representativos como neuropatía (73,4 %), deformidades en las prominencias óseas (21,5 %), uso de calzado inadecuado (26,6 %), escasa educación preventiva (31,6 %), úlceras previas (26,6 %); cerca de la mitad estaban ubicados en categorías altas de riesgo para pie diabético (46,0 %) y el autocuidado fue reportado en niveles medios (57,1; DE = 13,9). El nivel de autocuidado se relacionó con las categorías de riesgo de pie diabético (p = 0,010). Conclusiones: el autocuidado en la prevención del pie diabético es fundamental en la mitigación de los factores de riesgo y en la detección oportuna de lesiones. Este requiere ser fomentado desde la educación en salud.

ntroduction: Diabetic foot disease is a complication of diabetes mellitus that significantly affects the quality of life. It can be prevented through concrete and straightforward actions of routine foot care. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, the risk of diabetic foot disease, and its association with the level of self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the city of Tunja. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 79 participants selected by convenience. Measurements included a sociodemographic and clinical description, risk stratification, and level of self-care. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 27). Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.8 years, and most were women (62.0 %) with a history of neuropathy (73.4 %), bony prominences and deformities (21.5 %), inadequate footwear (26.6 %), poor preventive education (31.6 %), and previous ulcers (26.6 %). About half of them ranked high in the risk stratification categories for diabetic foot disease (46.0 %) and reported middle levels of self-care (57.1; SD = 13.9). The level of self-care was related to the risk stratification category for diabetic foot disease (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Self-care for preventing diabetic foot disease is essential to reduce risk factors and timely detect lesions. It needs to be promoted through health education

Introdução: o pé diabético é uma complicação do diabetes mellitus que causa importantes efeitos na qualidade de vida. Isso pode ser prevenido por meio de ações concretas e simples de cuidados de rotina. Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas, o risco de pé diabético e sua associação com o nível de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na cidade de Tunja. Metodologia: estu d o quantitativo transversal, com amostra de 79 participantes selecionados por conveniência; As medidas incluíram caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, bem como classificação em categoria de risco e nível de autocuidado. A análise dos dados univariados e bivariados foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS (versão 27). Resultados: os participantes tinham média de idade de 61,8 anos, a maioria eram mulheres (62,0%), com histórico representativo como neuropatia (73,4%), deformidades em proeminências ósseas (21,5%), uso de calçados inadequados (26,6%), pouca educação preventiva (31,6%), úlceras prévias (26,6%); quase a metade estava localizada em categorias de alto risco para pé diabético (46,0%) e o autocuidado foi relatado em níveis médios (57,1; DP = 13,9). O nível de autocuidado foi relacionado às categorias de risco do pé diabético (p = 0,010). Conclusões: o autocuidado na prevenção do pé diabético é essencial na mitigação dos fatores de risco e na detecção atempada de lesões. Isso precisa ser promovido a partir da educação em saúde

Factores asociados al control de síntomas nucleares en pacientes pediátricos con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad, en un centro especializado de Medellín entre 2018 y 2019 / Factors associated with the control of nuclear symptoms in pediatric patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a specialized center in Medellín between 2018 and 2019 / Fatores associados ao controle de sintomas nucleares em pacientes pediátricos com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, em um centro especializado em Medellín entre 2018 e 2019

Objetivo: el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) ha sido descrito como el trastorno del neurodesarrollo más común en la infancia. Esta condición se asocia a un significativo deterioro en calidad de vida, múltiples comorbilidades y, a largo plazo, a menores logros académicos y laborales. A pesar de que se ha evidenciado que en los pacientes de ascendencia latina se presenta un posible subdiagnóstico, que en Colombia se han estimado prevalencias mayores a las descritas en el planeta, y que los efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 han podido exacerbar esta problemática, el volumen de estudios con estimaciones reproducibles sobre las características, tratamientos recibidos y control de síntomas de estos pacientes aún requiere ampliarse. Este estudio busca establecer los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y del tratamiento asociados al control de los síntomas nucleares de este trastorno, que consisten en patrones persistentes y generalizados de inatención, impulsividad e hiperactividad. Metodología: estudio descriptivo con intención analítica en una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes pediátricos con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad seguidos durante seis meses en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia, entre 2018 y 2019. Resultados: se identificó una incidencia de control de síntomas de 46,7% que se asoció de manera significativa con la adherencia al tratamiento y con historia familiar de TDAH. Conclusiones: puede afirmarse que, en pacientes pediátricos con TDAH, estos factores podrían aumentar la probabilidad de lograr el control de los síntomas nucleares.

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described as the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. This condition is associated with significant deterioration in the quality of life, multiple comorbidities and, in the long term, lower academic and work achievements. Despite the fact that it has been shown that patients of Latin descent present a possible underdiagnosis, that in Colombia higher prevalence has been estimated than those described worldwide, and that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have been able to exacerbate this problem, the volume of studies with reproducible estimates on the characteristics, treatments received, and symptom control of these patients still needs to be expanded. This study seeks to establish the sociodemographic, clinical and treatment factors associated with the control of the core symptoms of this disorder, which consist of persistent and generalized patterns of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Methodology: Descriptive study with analytical intent in a retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder followed up for 6 months in a specialized center in Medellín, Colombia, between 2018 and 2019. Results: An incidence of symptom control of 46.7% was identified, which was significantly associated with adherence to treatment and with a family history of ADHD. Conclusions: It can be affirmed that, in pediatric patients with ADHD, these factors could increase the probability of achieving control of nuclear symptoms.

Objetivo: o transtorno dedéficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) tem sido descrito como o transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento mais comum na infância. Esta condição está associada a uma deterioração significativa na qualidade de vida, múltiplas comorbidades e, a longo prazo, menores rendimentos acadêmicos e profissionais. Apesar de ter sido demonstrado que os pacientes de ascendência latina apresentam um possível subdiagnóstico, e que na Colômbia foram estimadas prevalências mais altas do que as descritas no planeta e que os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 foram capazes de exacerbar esse problema, o volume de estudos com estimativas reprodutíveis sobre as características, tratamentos recebidos e controle de sintomas desses pacientes ainda precisam ser ampliados. Este estudo busca estabelecer os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e de tratamento associados ao controle dos sintomas centrais desse transtorno, que consistem em padrões persistentes e generalizados de desatenção, impulsividade e hiperatividade. Metodologia: estudo descritivo com intenção analítica em uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes pediátricos com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade acompanhados por seis meses em um centro especializado em Medellín, Colômbia, entre 2018 e 2019.Resultados: identificou-se uma incidência de controle dos sintomas de 46,7%, signifi-cativamente associada à adesão ao tratamento e ao histórico familiar de TDAH.Conclusões: Pode-se afirmar que, em pacientes pediátricos com TDAH , esses fatores podem aumentar a probabilidade de controle dos sintomas nucleares.

Clinical, sociodemographic, pharmacological and quality of life characterization of patients with a diagnosis of moderate to severe psoriasis treated in a specialized psoriasis clinic / Caracterización clínica, sociodemográfica, farmacológica y calidad de vida de pacientes con diagnóstico de psoriasis moderada a severa atendidos en una clínica especializada en psoriasis

Abstract Introduction: psoriasis is a systemic, inflammatory, and chronic disease with a global prevalence between 0.6-6.5 %. It is related to multiple comorbidities and generates a significant decrease in quality of life. Objective: to characterize sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological, and quality of life variables in a population of patients with moderate-severe psoriasis. Methods: descriptive observational study the patients with a diagnosis of severe-moderate psoriasis treated in the Clínica Integral de Psoriasis-CLIPSO between May 2018 - June 2020. A collection format was designed for defined variables and a univariate analysis was performed. Results: 948 patients were identified with a median age of 50 years (IQR: 38-60) of which 51.0 % were women. 23.6 % were incidents with a median treatment time of 114 days (IQR: 98-127) and 73.9 % were prevalent with a median treatment time of 228 days (IQR: 160-371). The type of therapy used was mainly non-biological systemic and 90.9 % of the patients were adherent to the treatment. The clinical variables were similar for both groups and the most common phenotype was psoriasis vulgaris (57.1 %). The health-related quality of life in both groups was greater than 60 points and the affected dimensions were physical and psychological health. 27.3 % of the patients had comorbidities associated with cardiovascular risk and 44.7 % were overweight. Conclusion: knowing the sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological, and quality of life characteristics of patients with moderate-severe psoriasis allows the identification of risk factors and comprehensive management of the disease.

Resumen Introducción: la psoriasis es una enfermedad sistémica, inflamatoria y crónica con una prevalencia global entre 0,6-6,5 %. Está relacionada con múltiples comorbilidades y genera una disminución significativa en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: caracterización sociodemográfica, clínica, farmacológica y calidad de vida de un grupo de pacientes con psoriasis moderada-severa. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de psoriasis moderada-severa atendidos en la Clínica Integral de Psoriasis (CLIPSO) entre mayo 2018 y junio 2020. Se diseñó un formato para la recolección de las variables definidas y se realizó un análisis univariado. Resultados: se identificaron 948 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 50 años (RIC:38-60) de los cuales el 51 % eran mujeres. El 23,6 % eran incidentes, con una mediana en tiempo de tratamiento de 114 días (RIC:98-127) y 73,9 % eran prevalentes, con una mediana de tiempo de tratamiento de 228 días (RIC:160-371). El tipo de terapia utilizada fue principalmente sistémica no biológica y el 90,9 % de los pacientes eran adherentes al tratamiento. Las variables clínicas fueron similares en los incidentes y los prevalentes y el fenotipo más común fue psoriasis vulgar (57,1 %). La calidad de vida en ambos grupos fue mayor a 60 puntos y las dimensiones más afectadas en la calidad de vida fueron la salud física y la psicológica. El 27,3 % presentaban comorbilidades asociadas a riesgo cardiovascular y 44,7 % presentaban sobrepeso. Conclusión: conocer las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas y calidad de vida de los pacientes con psoriasis moderada-severa permite la identificación de factores de riesgo y un manejo integral de la enfermedad.

Multisite musculoskeletal pain in the general population: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies focusing on multisite musculoskeletal pain have revealed that the prevalence of multisite pain is high in general populations. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain in the last 12 months and in the last seven days, in a population-based sample and investigate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, reported morbidity and ergonomic variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based survey in Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil). METHODS: 600 individuals were interviewed. The following data were collected: participants' characteristics, through a precoded questionnaire; physical activity level, through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and musculoskeletal symptoms, through the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain was 46.5% (confidence interval, CI 42.5 to 50.5) in the last 12 months and 26.1% (CI 22.8 to 29.8) in the last seven days. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last 12 months were female sex, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression, watching TV more than three times a week and working in a seated position. Formerly smoking was a protection factor. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last seven days were female sex, age group 60 years and over, low income, presence of comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression and working in a seated position. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain, which was associated with demographic, socioeconomic, work-related, electronic device-related and reported morbidity variables.

Population characteristics, blood quality and adverse reactions of blood donation in different blood collection sites / 中国基层医药

Unpaid blood donation is the important way of clinical blood supply. The blood collection environment of blood stations mainly includes mobile blood collection vehicles, blood donation rooms and other mobile forms or fixed places to recruit blood donors and collect blood. During the process of blood collection, in addition to the individual organism of the blood donor, different blood collection sites have certain impact on the quality of the whole blood collected from the donor and the adverse reactions in blood donors. To further investigate the distribution characteristics of the collected whole blood, improve blood quality and reduce adverse reactions, we reviewed relevant studies worldwide to analyze the population characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in different blood collection places, which will help establish different blood collection sites as blood stations and increase the amount of collected blood and improve blood quality.

Salt-related practices and its association with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in an Uruguayan population cohort / Prácticas relacionadas con la sal y su asociación con la excreción urinaria de sodio en 24 horas en una cohorte de población en Uruguay / Práticas relacionadas ao uso do sal e sua associação com a excreção de sódio na urina de 24 horas em uma coorte populacional uruguaia

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate the association between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) towards sodium use and sodium intake measured by 24-hour urinary collection in an adult cohort from Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study, GEFA-HT-UY). Methods. In a cross-sectional study (n = 159), a single 24-hour urinary sample, participants' physical, biochemical and blood pressure measurements and questionnaire data were collected. The association between KAB and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was assessed using general linear models. Results. Mean age of participants was 49.8±15.5 years, 67.9% were women, and mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was 3.6±1.7 g/day. Although 90.6% of participants exceeded the maximum recommended intake as indicated by urinary sodium excretion, more than half misperceived their actual intake, reporting consuming "the right amount." Almost three-quarters of the participants reported being concerned about the amount of sodium in their diet, but only 52.8% reported taking action to control it. Lack of procedural knowledge was observed. There was no association between KAB and sodium use and intake assessed by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Conclusions. The lack of association between KAB towards the use of sodium and intake measured by 24-hour urinary excretion reflects the need to support people with opportunities and motivations to reduce sodium consumption. Structural actions to promote an adequate food environment, such as the effective implementation of the front-of-package nutrition labeling in Uruguay, are positive steps.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos en lo relativo a la ingesta de sodio medida por la recolección de orina de 24 horas en una cohorte de adultos en Uruguay (GEnotipo, Fenotipo y Ambiente de la HiperTensión Arterial en UruguaY, GEFA-HT-UY). Métodos. En un estudio transversal (n = 159), se obtuvo una muestra urinaria de 24 horas y los datos de un cuestionario y de las mediciones físicas, bioquímicas y de presión arterial de los participantes. Se evaluó la asociación entre conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos y la excreción urinaria de sodio en 24 horas con modelos lineales generales. Resultados. La edad media de los participantes fue 49,8±15,5 años, 67,9% eran mujeres y la excreción urinaria media de sodio en 24 horas fue de 3,6±1,7 g/día. Aunque 90,6% de los participantes excedieron la ingesta máxima recomendada de acuerdo con la excreción urinaria de sodio, más de la mitad percibió su ingesta real incorrectamente al señalar que consumía "la cantidad correcta". Casi tres cuartas partes de los participantes manifestaron estar preocupados por la cantidad de sodio en su dieta, si bien solo 52,8% declaró haber tomado medidas para controlarla. Se observó una falta de conocimiento sobre los procedimientos. No se encontró una asociación entre conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos y la ingesta de sodio evaluada mediante la excreción urinaria de sodio en 24 horas. Conclusiones. La falta de relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos respecto del consumo de sodio y su ingesta medida por excreción urinaria en 24 horas refleja la necesidad de apoyar a las personas con oportunidades y motivaciones para reducir el consumo de sodio. Adoptar medidas estructurales que promuevan unas condiciones alimentarias adecuadas, como la aplicación efectiva del etiquetado nutricional frontal en Uruguay, constituye un paso en la dirección correcta.

RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a associação entre conhecimento, atitudes e comportamento (KAB, sigla do inglês Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior) e o uso e ingestão de sódio, medida pela coleta de urina de 24 horas em uma coorte de adultos do Uruguai (Estudo do Genótipo, Fenótipo e Ambiente da Hipertensão, GEFA-HT-UY). Métodos. Em um estudo transversal (n = 159), foi coletada uma única amostra de urina de 24 horas dos participantes, medidas físicas, bioquímicas e de pressão arterial, e dados de questionários. A associação entre KAB e excreção urinária de sódio nas 24 horas foi avaliada por meio de modelos lineares gerais. Resultados. A idade média dos participantes foi de 49,8±15,5 anos; 67,9% eram mulheres e a excreção média de sódio na urina de 24 horas foi de 3,6±1,7 g/dia. Embora 90,6% dos participantes excedessem a ingestão máxima recomendada, conforme indicado pela excreção urinária de sódio, mais da metade dos participantes não tinha percepção da real ingestão de sódio, relatando consumir "a quantidade correta". Quase três quartos dos participantes relataram estar preocupados com a quantidade de sódio na dieta, mas apenas 52,8% relataram ter implementado medidas para controlá-la. Observou-se falta de conhecimento de procedimentos. Não houve associação entre KAB e o uso e a ingestão de sódio avaliada pela excreção de sódio na urina de 24 horas. Conclusões. A falta de associação entre KAB e o uso e a ingestão do sódio avaliada pela excreção urinária de 24 horas reflete a necessidade de oferecer apoio aos indivíduos por meio de oportunidades e motivações para reduzir o consumo de sódio. Ações estruturais para promover um ambiente alimentar adequado, como a implementação efetiva de advertências na rotulagem frontal dos alimentos no Uruguai, são passos positivos.

Sociodemographic and health profile of asylum-seekers in Rio de Janeiro, 2016-2017 / Perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde de solicitantes de refúgio no Rio de Janeiro, 2016-2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the sociodemographic profile and self-reported health conditions of asylum-seekers in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS A cross-sectional study of secondary data, collected from asylum claims forms completed in 2016 and 2017, at Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio de Janeiro (Cáritas-RJ). Descriptive analyses were performed and absolute and relative frequencies and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Claims completed by 818 asylum-seekers from 49 different countries were identified, of whom 126 (20.3%) were stateless, 510 (62.7%) were male, 797 (97.4%) were adults, with a mean age of 30.5 years, 551 (73.5%) were single, 340 (44.1%) had higher education, and 27 (4.0%) were unemployed in their country of origin before coming to Brazil. Fear of persecution for political opinion, violation of human rights, and risk of torture stood out among the reasons stated for requesting asylum. To reach Brazil, 629 (80.5%) traveled only by plane. Regarding health conditions, 216 (29.0%) reported having some symptom, disease or health problem, the most frequent being pain, vision problems, infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS), and hypertension. Only 15 individuals (2.2%) reported being in some medical or psychological treatment; 42 (6.0%) reported visual impairments, 14 (2.0%) reported physical impairments and 4 (0.6%) hearing impairments. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other countries, where forced migrants with a low level of education enter clandestinely by sea or land, asylum-seekers residing in Rio de Janeiro between 2016 and 2017 were mostly adults with higher education who migrated using air transport. They had primary care-sensitive health conditions that could be treated via access to public primary health care services.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de saúde autorrelatadas por solicitantes de refúgio no Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de dados secundários, coletados de formulários de solicitação de refúgio preenchidos em 2016 e 2017, na Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio de Janeiro (Cáritas-RJ). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e calculadas frequências absolutas, relativas e intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS Foram identificados formulários preenchidos por 818 solicitantes de refúgio, originários de 49 países diferentes, dos quais 126 (20,3%) eram apátridas, 510 (62,7%) do sexo masculino, 797 (97,4%) adultos, com idade média de 30,5 anos, 551 (73,5%) solteiros, 340 (44,1%) com ensino superior e 27 (4,0%) desempregados no país de origem antes da vinda para o Brasil. Entre os motivos declarados para solicitação de refúgio, destacaram-se o temor de perseguição por opinião política, violação de direitos humanos e risco de tortura. Para chegar ao Brasil, 629 (80,5%) viajaram somente de avião. Em relação às condições de saúde, 216 (29,0%) afirmaram ter algum sintoma, doença ou agravo em saúde, sendo as mais frequentes dores, problemas de visão, doenças infecciosas (incluindo HIV/aids) e hipertensão. Apenas 15 indivíduos (2,2%) relataram estar em algum tratamento médico ou psicológico; 42 (6,0%) relataram deficiências visuais, 14 (2,0%) relataram deficiências físicas e 4 (0,6%) deficiências auditivas. CONCLUSÕES Diferentemente de outros países, onde migrantes forçados de baixo grau de instrução entram por vias clandestinas marítimas ou terrestres, os solicitantes de refúgio residentes no Rio de Janeiro entre 2016 e 2017, eram, em sua maioria, adultos com ensino superior que migraram usando transporte aéreo. Apresentavam condições de saúde sensíveis à atenção primária que poderiam ser tratadas via acesso aos serviços públicos da atenção primária em saúde.

Adesão aos cuidados domésticos de casos suspeitos de Covid-19 em isolamento domiciliar / Adherence to home care of suspected COVID -19 cases in home isolation / Adherence to home care of suspected COVID -19 cases in home isolation

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e a adesão aos cuidados domésticos de casos suspeitos de Covid-19 em isolamento domiciliar. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico. A coleta de dados ocorreu em unidade mista de saúde do Ceará, com 50 participantes suspeitos de Covid-19. Aplicou-se formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e de avaliação dos cuidados em relação ao isolamento domiciliar. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney e a razão de verossimilhança. Os princípios éticos das pesquisas com seres humanos foram seguidos. Resultados: A maioria dos homens (57,9%; p = 0,010) e das pessoas que conheciam alguém, pessoalmente, que teve/tem diagnóstico de Covid-19 (92,1%; p = 0,040) evitou aglomerações; 65,4% dos participantes com companheiro (a) descartaram o lixo adequadamente (p = 0,047); e 81,6% das pessoas com menor escolaridade aderiram à lavagem de roupas pessoais, de cama e toalhas com sabão comum e água (p = 0,043). Conclusão e implicações para a prática: As características sociodemográficas influenciaram a adesão a cuidados específicos, como evitamento de aglomerações, tratamento de lixo contaminado e lavagem de roupas pessoais, de cama e toalhas. Os cuidados domiciliares precisam ser mais enfatizados em consultas e pelos veículos de divulgação

Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics and adherence to home care of suspected COVID-19 cases in home isolation. Method: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study, and data collection took place in a health unit in Ceará, with 50 suspected COVID-19 participants. A sociodemographic, clinical characterization, and care evaluation form regarding home isolation was applied. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney and likelihood ratio tests were used. The ethical principles of research with human beings were followed. Results: Most men (57.9%; p = 0.010) and people who personally knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19 (92.1%; p = 0.040) avoided crowded places, 65.4% of the participants with a partner discarded the garbage properly (p = 0.047), and 81.6% of people with less education adhered to washing personal clothes, bedding, and towels with common soap and water (p = 0.043). Conclusions and implications for practice: Sociodemographic characteristics influenced adherence to specific care, such as avoiding crowded places, treating contaminated waste, and washing personal clothes, bedding, and towels. Home care needs to be more emphasized in consultations and by means of dissemination

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y adhesión a la atención domiciliaria de casos sospechosos de Covid-19 en aislamiento domiciliario. Método: Estudio transversal, analítico. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en una unidad de salud mixta en Ceará, con 50 participantes sospechosos de Covid-19. Se aplicó una forma de caracterización y evaluación sociodemográfica y clínica de los cuidados en relación al aislamiento domiciliario. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de razón de verosimilitud. Se siguieron los principios éticos de la investigación con seres humanos. Resultados: La mayoría de los hombres (57,9%; p=0,010) y las personas que conocían a alguien personalmente que tenía/tiene un diagnóstico de Covid-19 (92,1%; p=0,040) evitaron los clusters; el 65,4% de los participantes con pareja (a) descartó la basura correctamente (p=0,047); el 81,6% de las personas con menor nivel educativo se adhirió a lavar la ropa personal, la ropa de cama y las toallas con agua y jabón común (p=0,043). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: Las características sociodemográficas influyeron en la adhesión a cuidados específicos, como evitar aglomeraciones, tratar residuos contaminados y lavar ropa, sábanas y toallas personales. Es necesario hacer más hincapié en la atención domiciliaria en las consultas y mediante la difusión de información

Atenção primária na saúde suplementar brasileira: estudo qualitativo em planos de saúde / Primary health care in brazilian supplementary health: a qualitative study with selected healthplans

Objetivo -A atenção primária à saúde (APS) tem sido considerada como o pilar da organização do sistema de saúde. Apesar das iniciativas indutoras da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), os programas ainda evidenciam baixo alcance,tanto para os beneficiários quanto para a rede assistencial, com impacto limitado nos resultados clínicos, operacionais e financeiros. O presente estudo visa analisar os fatores que podem ser potenciais barreiras para uma maior escala da APS na saúde suplementar brasileira. Métodos -Trata-se de estudo qualitativo envolvendo amostra de gestores de operadoras de saúde selecionadas pelo Laboratório de Inovação de Atenção Primária na Saúde Suplementar. Resultados -No total, 12 profissionais foram entrevistados, de diferentes tipos de operadoras de saúde. A análise qualitativa permitiu o agrupamento em grandes áreas, envolvendo as condições e os desafios de implantação, de ampliação da escala, de integração com os outros níveis de assistência e o engajamento dos usuários. Finalmente, foram identificados caminhos para que a APS tenha mais escala e atinja os resultados desejados. Conclusão -Apesar de se reconhecer a APS como o elemento central na organização do sistema, integrado à rede assistencial, ela ainda não é amplamente adotada na saúde suplementar brasileira. Os gestores dos programas de APS que participaram desta pesquisa destacaram pontos fundamentais a serem abordados, nos diferentes níveis das organizações.

Objective -Primary health care (PHC) has been considered the pillar of the organization of the health system. Despite the ANS-inducing initiatives, they still show low scale, both for beneficiaries and the assistance network, with limited impact on clinical, operational, and financial results. The present study aims to analyze the factors that may be potential barriers to a larger scale of PHC in Brazilian supplementary health. Methods -This is a qualitative study involving a sample of managers of health plans selected by the Innovation Laboratory on Experiences of Primary Care in Brazilian Supplementary Health. Results -In total, 12 professionals were interviewed, from different types of health operators. The qualitative analysis allowed grouping in large areas, involving the conditions and deployment challenges, the scale of expansion, integration with other levels of care and user engagement. Finally, pathways have been identified for the PHC to have more scale and achieve the desired results. Conclusions -Although PHC is recognized as the central element in the organization of the system, integrated into the care network,it is not yet widely adopted in Brazilian supplementary health. The PHC program managers who participated in this research highlighted fundamental points to be addressed, at different levels of organizations.

Restorative treatment decisions regarding approximal and occlusal carious lesions among general dental practitioners in Palestine

Aim: To investigate restorative decisions made by dentists and to examine what demographic characteristics are associated with the decisions for managing approximal and occlusal lesions. Methods: A questionnaire was randomly sent to 900 Palestinian dentists. It noted the demographic details of the dentists and the years of experience. The questionnaire evaluated the respondents for their treatment decisions regarding approximal and occlusal carious lesions. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics for windows. The associations between gender and years of experience of the respondents and their restorative decisions were assessed. Results: The response rate was 58.2%. For occlusal carious lesions, 93.9% of the respondents would postpone operative treatment until the lesion was in dentine (grade 3 to 5). For approximal lesions, intervention was deemed appropriate by 92.6% of the respondents when there was radiographic evidence of a carious lesion reaching the DEJ or deeper. Around 53% preferred to prepare approximal lesions according to the traditional principles of cavity preparation. For both approximal and occlusal lesions, the participants opted for resin composites. Statistically, there was a significant association between the restorative decisions with the years since graduation and gender. Conclusion: The study showed variations between the treatment decisions of Palestinian dentists. The subjects chose conservative treatment plans but still adhered to traditional learned practices especially when cavity preparation for approximal lesions was concerned. The years since graduation and gender played a significant role in the choice of treatment opted for. Resin composites seemed to be a popular choice for treatment

Factores asociados y tamizaje de trastornos alimentarios y de la ingestión de alimentos en población general paraguaya / Associated factors and screening for feeding and eating disorders in Paraguayan general population

RESUMEN Introducción: los trastornos alimentarios y de la ingestión de alimentos están asociados con importantes efectos físicos y morbilidad psicosocial, así como con un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: determinar la proporción de pacientes con riesgo de padecer algún trastorno alimentario y de la ingestión de alimentos en población general paraguaya. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo de asociación cruzada, de corte transversal y temporalmente prospectivo. Una encuesta en línea fue difundida a nivel nacional a través de redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) y aplicaciones de mensajería (Whatsapp, Telegram). Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos y los participantes respondieron la Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q), en búsqueda de trastornos alimentarios. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para todas las variables. Para buscar asociaciones se utilizaron la prueba t de Student y ANOVA, según sea apropiado. Para cuantificar los riesgos se utilizó Odds ratio. Resultados: participaron 375 personas, de las cuales el 70,9 % era del sexo femenino, con edad media de 31 ± 9 años. Se obtuvo una media de 2,09 ± 1,5 puntos en la Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q) y se encontró que 51 participantes tenían indicios de padecer algún tipo de trastorno alimentario. Conclusión: el 13,6 % de los participantes de esta investigación tiene indicios de padecer algún tipo de trastorno alimentario, las mujeres tienen 2,4 veces más chances de padecer un trastorno y existen una serie de factores que están asociados a un mayor riesgo en el desarrollo de algún tipo de trastorno alimentario.

ABSTRACT Introduction: feeding and eating disorders are associated with significant physical effects and psychosocial morbidity, as well as a negative impact on people's quality of life. Objective: to determine the proportion of patients at risk of suffering from a feeding and eating disorder in the general Paraguayan population. Methodology: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, of cross-association and temporally prospective. An online survey was disseminated nationwide through social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) and messaging applications apps (WhatsApp, Telegram). Sociodemographic data were collected and the participants answered the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q), in search of eating disorders. Descriptive statistics were used for all variables. Student's t test and ANOVA were used to look for associations, as appropriate. Odds ratio was used to quantify the risks. Results: 375 people participated, of which 70,9 % were female, with a mean age of 31 ± 9 years. A mean of 2,09 ± 1.5 points was obtained on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (S-EDE-Q) and it was found that 51 participants had signs of suffering from some type of eating disorder. Conclusion: 13,6 % of the participants in this research have signs of suffering from some type of eating disorder, women are 2.4 times more likely to suffer from an eating disorder and there are a series of factors that are associated with a greater risk for the development of some type of eating disorder.