Effect of 25G+pars plana vitrectomy combined with preoperative intravitreal injection of Conbercept on proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of 25G+pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), and analyze the influence on visual acuity, central foveal thickness(CMT)and serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from October 2019 to January 2022. A total of 80 patients(87 eyes)with PDR were divided into the two groups according to the treatment method, with 40 patients(45 eyes)treated with 25G+PPV in the control group, and 40 patients(42 eyes)treated with 25G+PPV combined with preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept in the observation group. The two groups were compared in terms of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, CMT and serum VEGF level before treatment and at 2wk, 1 and 3mo after treatment. The patients were followed up for 3mo, with postoperative complications and recurrence recorded.RESULTS: The incidence of intraoperative bleeding in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the BCVA of the two groups was improved(P<0.05), CMT and serum VEGF level were decreased(P<0.05), but there was no significant change in intraocular pressure(P>0.05). The BCVA and CMT of observation group were lower than those of control group at 1 and 3mo after treatment(P<0.05). Serum VEGF level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3mo after treatment(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in observation group(5%)within 3mo after treatment was significantly lower than that in control group(18%; P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence rate of PDR between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: With few complications, 25G+PPV combined with preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept is effective in the treatment of patients with PDR, which can better promote postoperative vision recovery, improve macular edema, and reduce serum VEGF level.

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for treating macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in high myopia.METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted. A total of 63 patients(64 eyes)with high myopia and MHRD who treated at our hospital from October 2017 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to different surgery, with 34 cases(35 eyes)who received PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in group A, and 29 cases(29 eyes)received PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling in group B. The patients were followed up for 6mo. The two groups were compared in terms of the hole closure rate, the reduction rate of retinal detachment and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, and the postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS: The hole closure rate within 6mo after operation was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction rate of retinal detachment(P>0.05). The BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved over time after operation(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between the two groups before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(P>0.05). Complications were observed in the two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique is safe and effective in the treatment of MHRD in high myopia, which can effectively improve the patients' BCVA and the hole closure rate without influence on intraocular pressure.

Study Designs: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnostic tests are evolving with betterment of technology, quest for patient safety with less invasive medicine, and evolution of new diseases. It is important to assess diagnostic accuracy of a new test, and clinical impact of introduction of new test on outcomes and cost. A diagnostic study is planned for the index test based on place of new test in diagnostic pathway (screening, triage, diagnostic or add-on test) and established information of the test. A reference standard is used to classify population into diseased and healthy, and the discriminating ability of index test is measured. A sample size is calculated for expected sensitivity/specificity, margin of error and prevalence of disease in population. For dichotomous outcomes, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratio are used to describe diagnostic accuracy. Efforts should be made to avoid common forms of bias including spectrum bias and partial verification bias, and blinding of observers should preferably be done.

Establish deferral criterion for HIV serological testing in blood donors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish deferral criterion of HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA) by using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) method to screen HIV reactive blood donors suitable for entering the re-entry process and improve the management efficiency of reactive blood donors. 【Methods】 The test results of 92 001 blood donors from February to September 2019 were analyzed, and 177 reactive samples were screened by conventional screening mode (twice ELISA and once nucleic acid), supplemented with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay assay (ECLIA), and confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Screening reactive samples were divided into three groups: group A was both serological and nucleic acid reactivity, group B was only serological reactive, and group C was only nucleic acid reactivity. Its efficacy in blood donor classification was assessed by drawing ROC curves with 99% specific corresponding S/CO low values as the deferral criterion of the corresponding serological method. 【Results】 1) A total of 177 HIV reactive samples were detected in conventional mode, including 34 in group A, 142 in Group B and 1 in Group C. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, 0.75% and 100%, respectively. ECLIA detection mode (once ECLIA and once NAT), a total of 67 HIV reactive samples including 34 in group A, 32 in group B and 1 in group C, with positive predictive values of 100%, 3.7% and 100%, respectively.2) The HIV test results showed diversity, with 36 true positive samples including 1 HIV elite controller and 3 early HIV infections (1 HIV ELISA antigen/antibody window and 2 ELISA HIV antibody window), and 32 serological and NAT cases were reactive infections.3) The deferral limit of ELISA 1 and ELISA 2 in conventional screening mode were 20.25 and 9.85, respectively, can screen 97.14% (34/35) of all true positive samples in group A and B, except for one ELISA HIV antibody window (ELISA 2 reactivity). The positive predictive values were 93.94% and 92.85%, respectively. The ECLIA deferral limit of 7.83 can screens all true positive samples in Groups A and B (35/35)in ECLIA mode. The positive predictive value was 94.59%. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of deferral limits in this study can effectively screen HIV-positive blood donors, and the number of screened blood donors is greatly reduced, which is helpful to fine and scientific management of HIV-reactive blood donors. The deferral limit values of different testing reagents are quite different, so each laboratory should choose appropriate testing methods to establish the deferral limit values suitable for the laboratory according to its own testing ability, so as to provide technical support for optimizing the process of returning blood donors to the team.

Immune response after inoculation with PPV23 in HIV-infected adults / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the functional antibody and protection effect against pneumonia disease after inoculation with PPV23 in HIV-infected adults. Methods In 2015, 63 HIV-infected adults were randomly selected in Hongkou District of Shanghai, and blood samples were collected before and one month after the inoculation of PPV23.Functional antibodies against 4 serotypes (19F, 19A, 23F, 6B) of Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected by opsonophagocyitosis killing assay (OPA).The incidence of pneumonia after PPV23 inoculation was also determined. Results The GMT of OPA antibodies against 4 serotypes 1 month after inoculation with PPV23 was significantly higher than that before inoculation in HIV-infected subjects.After inoculation, the triple growth rates of OPA antibodies against 4 serotypes in HIV-infected subjects were 50%-91.67%.The protection rate against pneumonia was 100% in 2 years after PPV23 inoculation in HIV-infected subjects when compared with same group before inoculation as well as the control group.The HIV-infected patients who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or had CD4 count of≥300/μL showed better response in production of OPA antibodies and obtained protection against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) after receiving PPV23. Conclusion Routine vaccination of PPV23 is recommended for HIV-infected patients with good basic conditions.

Outcome of Vitrectomy in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy- A Retrospective Study at Tertiary Eye Centre, Telangana State, in South India.

The increase in prevalence of diabetes in India is one of the leading causes of blindness due to micro vascular and macro vascular complications. The complications in retina and kidney are due to damage of small vessels. Studies have shown significant association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. In our study, we are discussing the complications during intra and post-operative period and also both anatomical and functional outcome in these patients after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Both eye and kidney share same vascular pattern. One pre-existing condition can be followed by the other condition due to similar microvascular damage. We wanted to evaluate the outcome of vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients associated with chronic kidney disease.METHODSThis is a retrospective study done at Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Telangana State, South India, over a two-year period from June 2017 to June 2019. Data was collected from old medical records of our institute, from patients who presented to Retina Dept. with various complaints. They were examined in detail, documented and treated based on clinical presentation after clearance from physician. Patients presented with different ocular manifestations like non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage, focal tractional retinal detachment, multi focal tractional retinal detachment like broad based, table top, combined retinal detachment and tractional maculopathy. Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with or without silicone oil endotamponade.RESULTSPrognosis in these patients was good only in cases of non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage and focal tractional retinal detachment (47.61%) whereas in cases like multifocal retinal detachment cases outcome was favourable (42.82%) but patients with combined retinal detachment (9.52%) had poor anatomical and visual outcome.CONCLUSIONSManagement of these patients is very difficult when there is severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with multiple broad vitreo retinal adhesions. Outcome is very poor particularly in patients of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease due to intra operative complications

Progress in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Currently, the main methods for treating diabetic retinopathy(DR): laser photocoagulation, medication, pars plana vitrectomy(PPV). The advantages of traditional laser photocoagulation are: relatively safe, long-lasting effect, but laser damages the visual quality of patients; PPV can save the vision of some patients, the risk and trauma of the surgery are greater. Although pharmacotherapy is applicable in the early stages of DR, glucocorticoids cannot be used as the main treatment because of their definite side effects; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drug therapy can block diabetes from the pathogenesis. The occurrence and development of sexual retinopathy, however, the efficacy is relatively short, and the potential dangers and systemic side effects of repeated treatment still require further large-scale studies.

Changes of vitreous cytokine levels in eyes with PDR after intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone acetonide / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To observe the changes of vitreous concentrations of cytokines in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or triamcinolone acetonide.<p>METHODS:A total of 88 PDR patients(112 eyes)with PDR from May 2015 to February 2017 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into ranibizumab group(57 eyes)and triamcinolone acetonide group(55 eyes). Ranibizumab(0.5mg/0.05mL)or triamcinolone acetonide(4mg/0.1mL)were given intravitreal respectively, after vitreous samples(0.5mL)were collected before the injection. Vitreous samples(0.5mL)were collected again 7d after the injection right before the PPV operation. The concentration of placental growth factor(PIGF)was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA); the concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)and monocyte chemotactic protein 3(MCP-3), interleukin 6(IL-6)and interleukin 8(IL-8), platelet-derived growth factor-AB/BB(PDGF-AB/BB)and vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)were detected by Luminex200. <p>RESULTS:Afterranibizumab injection, the concentrations of PlGF and VEGF decreased significantly(PIGF:65.36±15.16 <i>vs</i> 19.42±6.34pg/mL; VEGF-A:315.16±14.34 <i>vs</i> 21.32±2.54 pg/mL, <i>P</i><0.001), whereas those of IL-6, IL-8 increased significantly(IL-6:37.32±4.04 <i>vs</i> 52.42±5.32 pg/mL; IL-8:111.723±21.32 <i>vs</i> 198.73±19.03 pg/mL,<i>P</i><0.001). There were no remarkable changes in MCP-1, MCP-3, and PDGF-AB/BB levels after ranibizumab injection(<i>P</i>>0.05). In triamcinolone acetonide group, the concentration of PIGF increased significantly after injection(74.28±17.34 <i>vs</i> 136.12±15.34 pg/mL,<i>P</i><0.05), while that of MCP-1 decreased significantly(2789.32±143.54 <i>vs</i> 2038.21±105.34 pg/mL,<i>P</i><0.05). There were no remarkable changes in the expression of MCP-3, IL-6, IL-8, PDGF-AB/BB and VEGF-A(<i>P</i>>0.05). In addition, the concentrations are lower for PIGF and VEGF-A(<i>P</i><0.01)and higher for IL-8 and MCP-1(<i>P</i><0.05)in eyes treated with ranibizumab, compared with those treated with triamcinolone acetonide. The incidence of intraoperative bleeding was significantly lower for ranibizumab group than that for triamcinolone acetonide group(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The levels of PIGF and VEGF-A decreased, while those of IL-6 and IL-8 increased in eyes with PDR after ranibizumab injection. After triamcinolone acetonide injection, the concentration of MCP-1 decreased, while that of PIGF increased.

Functional and morphological evaluation of autologous retinal graft in large traumatic macular hole

A 7-year-old boy presented with history of blunt trauma 1 month back. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 with optical coherence tomography (OCT) showing a large macular hole. Spontaneous closure of the macular hole seemed unlikely following a month of observation. Pars plana vitrectomy along with autologous retinal graft was performed. At subsequent follow up, hole appeared closed with nasal shrinkage of graft and BCVA improved to 20/100. OCT showed mechanical integration of the graft with adjoining retina. Autologous retinal graft is a feasible option in cases where conventional internal limiting membrane peeling shows lower anatomical success.

High prevalence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus, and pathogenic leptospires in mummified swine fetuses in Southern Brazil / Alta prevalência de parvovírus suíno, circovírus suíno 2 e leptospiras patogênicas em fetos suínos mumificados na região Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT: Modern swine production employs a high degree of technology and is organized in various production stages, in which reproduction is one of the most significant. However, reproductive losses associated to fetal death are still high. Fetal losses, including fetal mummification, may occur at a rate below 1.5% in a sound herd. The causes of fetal death can be very diverse, and include various infectious agents. Therefore, investigating the causes of fetal losses is important in the decision-making process related to the control and prophylaxis of the herd. The goal of this study was to carry out a molecular survey, analyzing porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and pathogenic Leptospira as potential agents related to fetal death in swine farms in Southern Brazil. We collected samples from three farms with a mummified index ≥ 2.5%. Fragments of brain, lung, kidney, liver, and heart were sampled for PCR analysis. Out of 100 samples examined, 87, 68, and 22 were positive for PCV2, PPV, and Leptospira spp., respectively. Moreover, we also identified coinfections with two and three pathogens in the same sample. Our findings contribute to the spreading of scientific knowledge related to infectious causes (PPV, PCV2, and pathogenic leptospires) of fetal losses in swine, as evidenced by the high frequencies of the investigated agents.

RESUMO: A produção moderna de suínos emprega um alto grau de tecnologia e é organizada em várias etapas de produção, nas quais a reprodução é uma das mais importantes. No entanto, as perdas reprodutivas associadas à morte fetal ainda são altas. Perdas fetais, incluindo mumificação, podem ocorrer em taxa abaixo de 1,5% em rebanhos sadios. As causas da morte fetal podem ser diversas, incluindo causas infecciosas. Portanto, a investigação de causas relacionadas à ocorrência de perdas fetais é importante no processo relacionado ao controle e profilaxia do rebanho. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento molecular, incluindo circovírus suíno 2 (PCV2), parvovírus suíno (PPV), e leptospiras patogênicas como potenciais agentes relacionados à morte fetal em suínos no sul do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de três granjas com índice de fetos mumificados ≥ 2,5%. Fragmentos de cérebro, pulmão, rim, fígado e coração foram amostrados para análise por PCR. Das 100 amostras examinadas, 87 foram positivas para PCV2, 68 foram positivas para PPV e 22 foram positivas para Leptospira spp. Além disso, também identificamos co-infecções com dois e três patógenos em uma mesma amostra. Os resultados encontrados contribuem para a disseminação do conhecimento científico relacionado às causas infecciosas (PCV2, PPV e Leptospiras patogênicas) relacionadas às perdas fetais em suínos, assim como evidenciam a alta frequência dos agentes pesquisados.

Immunogenicity and safety of co-immunization with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza virus split vaccine for children aged 3-7 years / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in preschoolers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 035 serological specimens were collected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No significant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the concomitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88.75% vs 84.20%, P=0.01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92.84% vs 98.56%, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P=0.197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3.61%, which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0.001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment.@*Conclusions@#Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immunogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.

Immunogenicity and safety of co-immunization with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza virus split vaccine for children aged 3-7 years / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine ( TIV) in pre-schoolers. Methods A total of 1035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly di-vided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis. Results A total of 1035 serological specimens were col-lected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No sig-nificant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the con-comitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88. 75％ vs 84. 20％ , P=0. 01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92. 84％ vs 98. 56％ , P<0. 001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P = 0. 197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3. 61％ , which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0. 001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment. Conclusions Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immu-nogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.

Research of Establishing of Standard Radiation Qualities and Radiation Conditions for Use in the Determination and Characteristics of Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

The standard of YY/T 0481-2004 Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment-Radiation conditions for use in the determination and characteristics has been revised and replaced in 2012. This paper first introduces the key technical problems to be solved in establishing standard radiation quality and radiation conditions by comparing the main changes of the two versions standards, including the expression of radiation quality and radiation conditions, the measurement of X-ray tube voltage, and the measuring of the practical peak voltage. Then it introduces a procedure for establishing standard radiation quality and radiation conditions.

Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy of the 2013 Edition of BI-RADS Ultrasound Lexicon in Diagnosing Breast Categories 3 to 5 Lesions / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 2013 edition of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasound lexicon in diagnosing breast categories 3-5 lesions.[Methods] Using our breast ultrasound database from June 2014 to June 2016,we identified 4428 BI-RADS category 3 to 5 lesions with a known pathological diagnosis in 4 428 adult women.The positive predictive value (PPV) of each BI-RADS category was calculated based on the pathological diagnoses and compared with the reference range provided by the American College of Radiology (ACR).[Results] 4 428 lesions from 4428 patients were included in this study.The PPV of each BI-RADS category waswithin the reference range provided by the ACR in 2013.1198 (27.1％) pathological malignant/borderline results were found in the 4 428 lesions,the other 3 230 (72.9％)lesions were diagnosed with benign results.Among the malignant/borderline lesions,the rate of lymph node metastasis gradually increased as the BI-RADS categories were upgraded.Malignant lesions with a diagnosis ofinvasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma showed an increasing distribution trend from category 3 to 5.[Conclusion] The 2013 editionof BI-RADS ultrasound lexiconhas good diagnostic accuracy and efficiencyin clinical practice.

Estimación del valor predictivo positivo de la colangiopancreatografía magnética utilizando metodos de bayes / Estimation of the positive predictive value of the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography using bayes methods

Objetivo: este artículo presenta la manera de calcular, dentro de una prueba de diagnóstico clínico, la probabilidad de que un individuo, cuyo resultado para la prueba de tamizaje es positivo, esté realmente enfermo sabiendo que no se tiene su resultado con la prueba patrón de oro; probabilidad denominada Valor Predictivo Positivo (VPP). Método: se asumió el VPP como una cantidad desconocida para la que se puede construir una distribución de probabilidad. Dentro del paradigma Bayesiano de la estadística, se utilizó el método propuesto por Winkler and Smith para calcular VPP utilizando un conjunto de registros sobre coledocolitiaisis en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda. Resultados: los métodos bayesianos permitieron obtener regiones de credibilidad más estrechas que los intervalos de confianza clásicos. Discusión: el uso de métodos Bayesianos es una excelente alternativa para obtener estimaciones más precisas del VPP. Estimar los valores predictivos utilizando los datos de la tabla 2X2 conlleva a errores cuando el tamaño de la muestra no es tan grande como para asumirla cercana a la población.

Objetive: In this article we present different alternative to compute thePositive Predictive Value (PPV) for a diagnostic test. Method: we assumedtheVPP as a continuous and unknown quantity whose natural performanceis susceptible of model using a distribution of probability. We use themethod propose as Winkler and Smith to estimate the VPP using Bayesianprocedure. We illustrate our methodology with a data set of patients withacute pranceatitis taken the Magnetic Cholangiopancreatogrphy as test toscreening of Choledocoletise Results: The Bayesian approach allows to havea best estimates and the credibility regions were narrower than the confidenceintervals.Discussion:thje use of Bayesian methods is an excellent choise toobtain more accute estimates. To estimateVPP’s using the observed data intable 2X2 implies mistakes when the sample size is not large enough as to thinkthat the sample close the population size.

Establishment and preliminary application of an assay for the detection of porcine parvovirus in cells used for production / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Abstract] Objective To establish an assay for the detection of porcine parvovirus ( PPV) and to verify its application for monitoring cells used for production.Methods A pair of primers and one probe were designed according to the conserved sequence encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1).Based on the designed primers, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for the detection of PPV was developed. Several parameters including the linearity, precision, minimum detection limit and anti-interference of the established assay were evaluated.A stock of PPV strains was prepared by infecting swine testicle ( ST) cells with PPV strains.An assay for the detection of PPV infection was developed by using ST cells as sensitive cells.A combined ST cell infection-PCR test was developed by combining the ST cell infection assay with the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay.The sensitivity of ST cell infection-PCR test was analyzed.The cell samples used for production of biological products were detected by using the established assay.Results The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was specific for the detection of PPV without cross-reaction to other species of parvovirus virus, SV40 virus and other porcine viruses.The linear range of the assay was 1×109-1×104 copies/μl with a R2 value more than 0.98.The sensitivity of the real-time quantitative PCR assay was 1×104 copies/μl.Both of the intra-and inter-coefficient of variation (CV) were less than 5%in Ct values.The intra-and inter-CV in copies of detection were 5%-15% and 30%-40% respectively.The minimum detection limit of the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was 1CCID50/ml.The PPV strains were detected in cell samples with no interference.The sensitivity of ST cells infection-PCR test was 0.01CCID50/ml.All of the 22 cell samples were negative for PPV by using the real-time fluorescent quanti-tative PCR assay.Conclusion The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the ST cell infection-PCR test for the detection of PPV in cells were established successfully.The application of the two assays was conducive to further enhance the safety of using cells for production and therapy.

Síntese de poli ( p-fenilenovinileno )s e desenvolvimento e otimização de um nariz eletrônico / Synthesis of poly ( p-phenylenevinylene )s and the development and optimization of an electronic nose

O presente trabalho envolve a síntese e caracterização de um polímero da família dos poli(p-fenilenovinileno)s (PPV), aplicável em camadas ativas de dispositivos como narizes eletrônicos, muito utilizados em várias áreas, como medicina, meio ambiente e indústria alimentícia. O trabalho visou também ao desenvolvimento de um nariz eletrônico, abrangendo o processo de preparação, o que incluiu a confecção dos eletrodos dos sensores de gases, o estudo referente ao equipamento de aquisição de dados e à comunicação com o microcomputador. Visou-se à otimização do equipamento que já vem sendo utilizado em medidas para várias detecções, estudando-se fatores como frequência da corrente alternada empregada, forma de onda (senoidal, quadrada e triangular), temperatura da amostra e distância entre os dígitos nos eletrodos. Verificou-se a possibilidade da utilização de nariz eletrônico na área de alimentos, estudando-se a identificação de méis de abelha de floradas diferentes e a detecção de fungos em laranjas pós-colheita

The present thesis involves the synthesis and characterization of a polymer of the poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) family, applicable as active layer of devices such as gas sensors and electronic noses, which are instruments widely used in several areas, including medicine, environmental sciences and food industry. This work also aimed the full development of an electronic nose, from the making of the electrodes and sensors to the study of the data acquisition and its communication with a personal computer. In order to optimize the equipment, the influence of several factors such as frequency of the applied alternating current, its waveform (sine, square and triangle), temperature of the sample, and spacing between the digits of the electrodes were investigated. Finally, the equipment was used for the identification of honeys from different blossoms and for the detection of fungi in post-harvest oranges

A Case of Pyodermatitis-Pyostomatitis Vegetans Complicated by Gram-Negative Toe Web Infection / 대한피부과학회지

Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans (PPV) is a rare eosinophilic inflammatory disorder characterized by pustules and vegetating lesions on the mucosa and skin. It usually occurs in the oral mucosa, axillae, genital area. Usually oral lesions (pyostomatitis) may precede the skin lesions (pyodermatitis), where it can also coincide or follow. A 54-year-old man is presented with a 3-month history of annular pustular plaques on the erythematous base affecting the dorsum of both feet. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from a culture of a wound in the foot. He was treated with antipseudomonal antibiotics for the initial two weeks, and the lesions improved slightly, but not completely. After that, erythematous vesicles, pustules and erosions developed on his oral mucosal and perianal area. The skin biopsy from right foot was done and he was diagnosed as PPV complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Herein, we report a case of PPV complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of polymer-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) deposited by spin coating / Análisis de la característica corriente-voltaje de diodos orgánicos emisores de luz (OLEDs) basados en polímeros depositados por spin coating / Análise da característica corrente-voltagem de diodos orgânicos emissores de luz (OLEDs) baseados em polímeros depositados por spin coating

Polymer-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the structure ITO / PEDOT:PSS / MDMO-PPV / Metal were prepared by spin coating. It is known that electroluminescence of these devices is strongly dependent on the material used as cathode and on the deposition parameters of the polymer electroluminescent layer MDMO-PPV. Objective. In this work the effect of i) the frequency of the spin coater (1000-8000 rpm), ii) the concentration of the MDMO-PPV: Toluene solution, and iii) the material used as cathode (Aluminium or Silver) on the electrical response of the devices, was evaluated through current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Materials and methods. PEDOT:PPS and MDMO-PPV organic layers were deposited by spin coating on ITO substrates, and the OLED structure was completed with cathodes of aluminium and silver. The electric response of the devices was evaluated based on the I-V characteristics. Results. Diodes prepared with thinner organic films allow higher currents at lower voltages; this can be achieved either by increasing the frequency of the spin coater or by using concentrations of MDMO-PPV: Toluene lower than 2% weight. A fit of the experimental data showed that the diodes have two contributions to the current. The first one is attributed to parasitic currents between anode and cathode, and the other one is a parallel current through the organic layer, in which the carrier injection mechanism is mediated by thermionic emission. Conclusions. The results of the fitting and the energy level alignment through the whole structure show that PPV-based OLEDs are unipolar devices, with current mainly attributed to hole transport.

Se fabricaron diodos orgánicos emisores de luz (OLEDs) con la estructura ITO / PEDOT:PSS / MDMO-PPV / Metal mediante la técnica de spin coating. Es ampliamente conocido que la electroluminiscencia de estos diodos depende fuertemente del material usado como cátodo y también de los parámetros de crecimiento de la capa del polímero electroluminiscente MDMO-PPV. Objetivo. En este trabajo el efecto de i) la frecuencia del spin coater (1000-8000 rpm), ii) la concentración de la solución MDMO-PPV: Tolueno y iii) el material usado como cátodo (plata o aluminio) sobre la repuesta eléctrica de los dispositivos, fue evaluado a través de medidas de corriente-voltaje (I-V). Materiales y métodos. Películas delgadas de los materiales orgánicos PEDOT:PSS y MDMO-PPV fueron depositados por spin coating sobre sustratos de ITO, y la estructura del OLED fue terminada con cátodo de plata y aluminio. La respuesta eléctrica de los dispositivos fue evaluada a través de su característica I-V. Resultados. Los diodos fabricados con películas orgánicas más delgadas son los que suministran mayores corrientes a menores voltajes. Esto puede lograrse ya sea incrementando la frecuencia de rotación del spin coating o usando concentraciones de MDMO-PPV: Tolueno menores al 2% en peso. Un ajuste de los datos experimentales demostró que los diodos poseen contribuciones de una corriente parásita entre ánodo y cátodo, y otra corriente paralela en donde el mecanismo predominante de inyección de portadores a la capa orgánica es a través de emisión termoiónica. Conclusiones. El ajuste de los datos experimentales, junto con la posición de niveles de energía a través de la heteroestructura, demuestra que los OLEDs basados en derivados de PPV son dispositivos unipolares, en el que la corriente se atribuye principalmente a transporte de huecos.

Foram fabricados diodos orgânicos emissores de luz (OLEDs) com a estrutura de ITO / PEDOT: PSS / MDMO-PPV / metal, pela técnica de spin coating. É amplamente conhecido que a eletroluminescência destes diodos depende fortemente do material utilizado como cátodo, e também dos parâmetros de crescimento da camada de polímero eletroluminescente MDMO-PPV. Objetivo. Neste trabalho o efeito de i) a freqüência do spin coater (1000-8000 rpm), ii) a concentração da solução MDMO-PPV: Tolueno e iii) o material utilizado como cátodo (prata ou alumínio) sobre a resposta elétrica dos dispositivos, foi avaliado por medidas de corrente-voltagem (I-V). Materiais e métodos. Películas finas de materiais orgânicos PEDOT: PSS e MDMO-PPV foram depositadas por spin coating sobre substratos de ITO e a estrutura do OLED foi terminada com cátodo de prata e de alumínio. A resposta elétrica dos dispositivos foi avaliada pela sua característica I-V. Resultados. Os diodos feitos de películas orgânicas finas fornecem maiores correntes a menores voltagens. Isto pode ser conseguido, quer através do aumento da velocidade de rotação do spin coating ou usando concentrações de MDMO-PPV: Tolueno menores de 2% em peso. Um ajuste dos dados experimentais mostrou que os diodos têm uma contribuição de uma corrente parasita entre anodo e catodo, e outra corrente paralela, onde o principal mecanismo da injeção de portadores da camada orgânica é através da emissão termiônica. Conclusões. O ajuste dos dados experimentais, juntamente com a posição dos níveis de energia através da heteroestrutura, mostra que os OLEDs baseados em derivados de PPV são dispositivos unipolares, onde a corrente é atribuída principalmente ao transporte de ocos.

Obtaining of union expression virus-like particle of PPV VP2 and PCV2 ORF2 and its immunogenicity / 中国兽医学报

The amplified VP2 gene (PPV strain SC-1) and PCV20RF2 gene were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pPI-2.EGFP.Then the recombinant plasmid named pPI-2.EGFP.VP2.ORF2 was obtained.Mediated by liposome,the recombinant plasmid was transfected into Veto cells and expressed.Using immunofluorescence assay,the fluorescence of expression products were first detected at 20 h after transfection and peaked 36 h.Under electronmicroscope,virus-like particles (VLPs) can be observed in the transfected cells.To confirm the obtained VLPs to be recombinant particles,piglets were immunized using purified VLPs.The dynamic variation of blood T lymphocytes and serum antibody level of PPV and PCV2 were measured.The results showed that the ratio of CD3+,CD4+ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood lymphocyte of immunized piglets raised in a certain degree,the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes fell at 7-14 d after immunization,and then raised.Relatively high level of PP-V,PCV2 specific antibody could be detected.This indicated that the expression of recombinant plasmid pPI-2.EGFP.VP2.ORF2 was successful,the virus-like particles were formed and showed favourable immunogenicity.