ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of vitrification solutions and exposure time on the cryopreservation of Brazilian green dwarf coconut plumules (BGD) using the droplet vitrification technique. Explants were excised from BGD mature fruits from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brazil. Firstly, embryos were disinfected, and after excision, plumules were pre-cultivated for 72 hours in Y3 + 0.6 M sucrose + 2.2 g L-1 Gelrite® culture medium. Plumules were exposed to PVS2 and PVS3 solutions for 15 and 30 minutes and rapidly immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC). After cryopreservation, they were thawed in culture medium solution (Y3 + 1.2 M sucrose) and cultured in regeneration medium. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme (vitrification solutions per exposure times), with five replicates per treatment. Data were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% probability. Significant differences were observed in the callogenesis percentage for the solutions x exposure time interaction for non-cryopreserved cultures (-NL) and for exposure time after cryopreservation (+NL). PVS2 and PVS3 combined with 15 minutes of exposure promoted the highest callus formation (70 and 100%, respectively) in control cultures. The exposure time of 30 min, regardless of vitrification solution, resulted in 30% embryogenic callus formation after cryopreservation. These results contributed to the long-term conservation of coconut palm.
RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito das soluções de vitrificação e do tempo de exposição na criopreservação de plúmulas de coqueiro anão verde do Brasil de Jiqui (BGD), pela técnica de vitrificação em gotas. Os explantes foram excisados de frutos maduros oriundos do Banco de Germoplasma Ativo de Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brasil. Os embriões foram desinfestados e as plúmulas, após a excisão, pré-cultivadas durante 72 horas em meio de cultura Y3 suplementado com sacarose 0,6 e 2,2 g L-1 Gelrite®. As plúmulas foram expostas em soluções de PVS2 e PVS3 durante 15 e 30 minutos, e rapidamente imersas em nitrogênio líquido (-196 ºC). Após a criopreservação, foram descongeladas na solução de meio de cultura Y3 com 1,2 M de sacarose, e cultivadas em meio de regeneração. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (soluções de vitrificação x tempos de exposição), com cinco repetições por tratamento. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey à probabilidade de 5%. Observaram-se diferenças significativas na porcentagem de calogênese para a interação entre soluções e tempo de exposição para as culturas não criopreservadas (-NL), e para o tempo de exposição após a criopreservação (+NL). O PVS2 e o PVS3 combinados com 15 minutos promoveram a maior formação de calo (70 e 100%, respectivamente) nas culturas de controle. O tempo de exposição de 30 min, independente da solução de vitrificação, promoveu 30% da formação de calos embriogênicos após a criopreservação. Estes resultados contribuem para a conservação em longo prazo do coqueiro.
ABSTRACT
Persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a clinical condition wherein the cerebral cortex loses its function although brain stem function remains relatively intact. It has high mortality and disability rates. Although treatment for PVS is extensively studied in developed countries, little breakthrough has been made. In China, many PVS patients who were treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acupuncture therapy were reported to have regained consciousness. In our department, we have been investigating TCM diagnosis and treatment methods for PVS for many years and have summarized a set of curative programs. Our patient is a male and 5 years and 3 months of age. He had traumatic brain injury and had been unconscious for three months on admission. Considering his condition, we adopted Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture, oral Angong Niuhuang Wan, and Xingnaojing intravenous drip. After the 50-day treatment, his health significantly improved and is nearly similar to that of a healthy child, indicating that the treatment is effective for PVS. Therefore, we decided to report the case and treatment methods.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , Biological Products , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Persistent Vegetative State , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A presença de anastomoses vasculares placentárias nas gestações gemelares monocoriônicas favorece o surgimento de complicações graves como a Síndrome de Transfusão Feto-Fetal (STFF) e a Sequência Anemia-Policitemia em Gêmeos (TAPS). STFF e TAPS são ambas formas crônicas de transfusão feto-fetal. TAPS, descrita em 2007, é caracterizada por anemia crônica no gêmeo doador e policitemia no gêmeo receptor, na ausência de discordância no volume de líquido amniótico, característica da STFF clássica. O diagnóstico pode ser feito pré- e pós-natal. O critério diagnóstico pré-natal é baseado na discordância intergemelar da medida do Doppler do pico de velocidade sistólica da artéria cerebral média (PSV-ACM). O diagnóstico pós-natal é baseado na grande diferença da hemoglobina intergemelar, ao nascimento, e reticulocitose no gêmeo doador.(AU)
The presence of placental vascular anastomoses in monochorionic twins favors the development of several complications like Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) and Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS). TTTS and TAPS are both chronic forms of fetofetal transfusion. TAPS, described on 2007, is characterized by chronic anemia in the donor twin and polycythemia in the recipient twin, in the absence of amniotic fluid volume discordances, characteristic of classical TTTS. The diagnostic can be made pree posnatally. The prenatal diagnostic criteria is based on the inter-twin discordance in Doppler measurement of peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA-PSV). The postnatal diagnosis is based on large intertwin hemoglobin difference at birth and retoculocytosis in the donor twin.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Polycythemia/congenital , Ablation Techniques/methods , Fetofetal Transfusion/surgery , Fetofetal Transfusion/classification , Fetofetal Transfusion/diagnostic imaging , Anemia/congenital , Prenatal Diagnosis , Blood Pressure , Hemoglobins/deficiency , Databases, Bibliographic , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Nucleotide sequence analyses of the Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 genes were conducted in 46 malaria patients from the Republic of Korea (ROK) (n = 40) and returning travellers from India (n = 3) and Indonesia (n = 3). The domain structures, which were based on cysteine residue position and secondary protein structure, were similar between Plasmodium vivax (Pvs48/45 and Pvs47) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pfs48/45 and Pfs47). In comparison to the Sal-1 reference strain (Pvs48/45, PVX_083235 and Pvs47, PVX_083240), Korean isolates revealed seven polymorphisms (E35K, H211N, K250N, D335Y, A376T, I380T and K418R) in Pvs48/45. These isolates could be divided into five haplotypes with the two major types having frequencies of 47.5% and 20%, respectivelfy. In Pvs47, 10 polymorphisms (F22L, F24L, K27E, D31N, V230I, M233I, E240D, I262T, I273M and A373V) were found and they could be divided into four haplotypes with one major type having a frequency of 75%. The Pvs48/45 isolates from India showed a unique amino acid substitution site (K26R). Compared to the Sal-1 and ROK isolates, the Pvs47 isolates from travellers returning from India and Indonesia had amino acid substitutions (S57T and I262K). The current data may contribute to the development of the malaria transmission-blocking vaccine in future clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Malaria, Vivax/parasitology , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Plasmodium vivax/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , India , Indonesia , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Republic of Korea , Sequence Analysis, DNA , TravelABSTRACT
Se evaluó la eficacia de la técnica de estimulación vibratoria del pene (EVP) para obtener semen en quince especímenes de S. leucopus bajo condiciones de cautiverio, en cuatro diferentes sitios en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se estandarizó la técnica EVP y se determinaron algunas características seminales (color, viscosidad, volumen, pH, motilidad, morfología, viabilidad, concentración y morfometría espermática). Se empleó clorhidrato de ketamina a dosis entre 5 y 10 mg/kg I.M. para la sedación previa al muestreo a fin de disminuir el estrés de la captura y del procedimiento, ya que los especímenes no estaban acostumbrados o entrenados para procesos de obtención de muestras biológicas. En el uso de la técnica se logró un 52,6% de éxito en la combinación de 90 Hz de vibración y 1 mm de amplitud; el tiempo de eyaculación promedio fue de 12:35±6:42 minutos; el pH, 7,5±0,26; el volumen, 24±18,82 µl; la motilidad masal fue de 3,7/5,0±0,5; la motilidad individual progresiva, 97,1±45,4%; la concentración espermática fue de 87.617±21.327 x 10(4) spz/µl; la normalidad fue del 69,3±11,06% y la viabilidad del 93,7±4,9%. Las características seminales fueron similares a las reportadas en otras especies de callitríchidos y obtenidas por la misma técnica. Se empleó satisfactoriamente el diluyente Talp-Hepes y el cual no afectó las características antes descritas. La EVP es un método innovador, replicable, viable y seguro para la obtención de semen en S. leucopus y a otros callitríchidos bajo sedación con ketamina en condiciones de cautiverio.
The efficacy of the penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) for semen collection was evaluated in fifteen (15) specimens of white-footed tamarin (S. leucopus), held in captivity, at four different locations. Additionally the technique was standardized for semen collection in this species and seminal characteristics, color, viscosity, volume, pH, motility, morphology, viability, sperm concentration and morphometry were also evaluated. Ketamine hydrochloride was used at a dose between 5 to 10 mg/Kg for sedation and semen sampling. The technique was successful in 52.6% of the animals using the combination of 90 Hertz of vibration and 1 mm of amplitude; time of ejaculation was 12:3 ±6:42 minutes. Seminal characteristics were: pH of 7.5±0.26; volume of 24±18.82 µl; masal motility of 3.7/5.0±0.5; progressive motility of 97.1±45.4%; sperm concentration of 87,617±21,327 x 10(4)spz/µl; normal morphology 69.3±11.06% and viability of 93.7±4.9%. Talp-Hepes extender was satisfactorily used and it did not appear to affect seminal characteristics. The PVS is an innovating, replicable, viable and safe method for obtain semen in S. leucopus and perhaps in other callitrichids under ketamine sedation and in captivity.
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@# Objective To observe the effect of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on persistent vegetative state (PVS) in children. Methods 7 children with PVS were treated with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, and were analyzed retrospectively. Results 3 childer were effectual, 3 improved, 1 ineffective. The PVS improved significantly after the treatment. The ones with course less than 3 months, the neuroimage show atrophy, appeared more effective. Conclusion The integrative therapy is effective on PVS in the children. The prognosis may associate with the course of the disease and the pathology of the brain.
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@#Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of injection of consciousness promoted drug through carotid artery on persistent vegetate state (PVS).Methods33 PVS cases were divided into the treatment group (n=15) and control group (n=18). All patients were treated with routine therapy, but the treatment group added with injection of consciousness-promoted drug through the carotid artery. The therapeutic effects of two groups were evaluated.ResultsAfter the treatment, the therapeutic effects of patients in two groups were better than that of before treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than control group(P<0.05).ConclusionInjection of consciousness-promoted drug through the carotid artery is effective to PVS patients.
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This treatise summarizes the medical facts about the persistent vegetative state(PVS) and the associated issues. In August 1998, the opinions of the 380 neurologists and the 1007 neurosurgeons are inquired about the diagnostic criteria of PVS, the degree and the withdrawal of treatment on PVS patients. The response rate is 18.8%. The diagnostic criteria of PVS is determined by the items approved above 5007o of responses. (1) no evidence of cerebral function and an inability to interact with visual, auditory stimuli and follow commands. (2) maintaining the respiratory function with spontaneous respiration and normal respiratory pattern. (3) spontaneous eye opening and eye ball movements without sustained tracking. (4) variably preserved brain stem reflexes. (5) presence of sleep-wake cycles. (6) (1)-(5) symptoms should be persist for 6 months after the development of vegetative state. (7) the diagnostic criteria of PVS should be applied more than 3 times during the minimum observation period. (8) this diagnostic criteria of PVS could be applied to adults over 7 ages. As to the degree of treatment, nasogastric tube feeding and air-way keeping through the tracheostomy are approved over 9007b. Also antibiotics can be used in infection. As to the withdrawal of treatment, do not resuscitate order of patient s family is accepted by 46.1% in an emergency condition like cardiac arrest. But discharge against medical advice by the patient s family is accepted by 73.107o in non-emergency condition. In the case of neonates, parents decision is more determinative than any other thing.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Brain Stem , Emergencies , Enteral Nutrition , Heart Arrest , Korea , Parents , Persistent Vegetative State , Reflex , Respiration , TracheostomyABSTRACT
The vegetative being in persistent vegetative state(PVS) is after all human being in a serious sense,and thus should enjoy certain legal rights.However,expensive attending cost and poor prognosis constitute the greatest obstacles in the healthcare for vegetative beings.A systematic attending mechanism with family members and other social members involved for vegetative beings should be established within the society,in order to develop humanistic spirit and provide a peaceful and painless approach for vegetative beings during their.
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Objective To investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax transmission_blocking vaccine candidate antigen (TBV) Pvs25, with P.vivax isolates from Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces, and to compare the genetic polymorphism of Pvs25 with that from Bangladesh. MethodsThe parasite DNA used for the genetic polymorphism assay was obtained from dried filter paper blood spots. The genes were PCR amplified and the products were purified and sequenced directly. Results 45 complete new sequences were analyzed. Only 3 nucleotide changes were found that would result in amino acid substitutions in Pvs25 in comparison with the sequence from P.vivax Sal_I strain. The measurement of nucleotide diversity (?) was remarkably similar for the two populations, indicating that DNA sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous among the geographically dispersed isolates or isolates from the same geographical region.Conclusion The results suggest that Pvs25 has limited antigenic polymorphism, especially compared with candidate antigens expressed by hepatic and erythrocytic stage, which may support the development and application of Pvs25_based transmission_blocking vaccine in China.