Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Effect of Polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium and Analysis of Its Structural Characteristics by Sugar Spectrum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe therapeutic effect of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium on Alzheimer's disease（AD） was evaluated through establishing a mouse model of AD， and the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides was analyzed by sugar spectrum. MethodThe AD model of mice with rapid aging was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with gavage of aluminum trichloride， and the learning and memory ability of mice was evaluated by Morris water maze test， the histopathological status of brain and neuronal damage were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Nissl staining. After hydrolysis of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with acid and different glycosidases， the characteristics of hydrolysates were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） and fluorescence assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE）. HPTLC chromatography was performed on a silica gel 60 plate with sampling volume of 5 μL， developing solvent of ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-water（2∶2∶1）， developing twice， aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid solution as chromogenic agent， and heating at 105 ℃ for 10 min， and then observed under sunlight. PACE experimental conditions were 34% separation gel and 8% concentration gel， electrophoresis buffer was 0.1 mol·L-1 tris（hydroxymethyl） aminomethane（Tris）-boric acid buffer（pH 8.2）. Electrophoresis was carried out at 0 ℃ and the loading amount was 3-6 μL. The sample ran to the front of the gel with a constant current of 15 mA， and imaged under ultraviolet 365 nm. ResultThe results of Morris water maze test showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium significantly improved the learning and memory ability of AD model mice， shortened the escape latency， and significantly increased the number of crossing and the residence time in the target quadrant. The results of histopathological experiments showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could improve the pathological conditions and neuronal damage in the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus of AD mice， and the number of Nissl corpuscles was significantly increased. The results of sugar spectrum analysis showed that the results of HPTLC and PACE analysis were basically consistent， polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could be mainly hydrolyzed into small molecular sugars by cellulase and pectinase， indicating that they mainly contained β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， and could be slightly hydrolyzed by glucanase， β-galactosidase and β-mannase， indicating that they contained only a small amount of α-1，6-glucosidic bond， β-galactosidic bond， β-1，4-mannosidic bond. ConclusionPolysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium has obvious therapeutic effect on AD mice， and its structure mainly contains β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， which can provide a reference for the structural analysis of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides.

Quantitative estimation of enzymatic released specific oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides using CE-LIF / 药物分析学报

Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features.Therefore,quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical charac-teristics is important for their application in biomedical and functional food sciences.However,poly-saccharides are mixed macromolecular compounds that are difficult to isolate and lack standards,making them challenging to quantify directly.In this study,we proposed an improved saccharide mapping method based on the release of specific oligosaccharides for the assessment of Hericium eri-naceus polysaccharides from laboratory cultured and different regions of China.Briefly,a polysaccharide from H.erinaceus was digested by β-(1-3)-glucanase,and the released specific oligosaccharides were labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid(APTS)and separated by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)coupled with laser induced fluorescence(LIF),and quantitatively estimated.MEKC presented higher resolution compared to polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel elec-trophoresis(PACE),and provided great peak capacity between oligosaccharides with polymerization degree of 2(DP2)and polymerization degree of 6(DP6)in a dextran ladder separation.The results of high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector(HPSEC-MALLS-RI)showed that 12 h was sufficient for complete digestion of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus.Laminaritriose(DP3)was used as an internal standard for quantifi-cation of all the oligosaccharides.The calibration curve for DP3 showed a good linear regression(R2＞0.9988).The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)values were 0.05 μg/mL and 0.2 μg/mL,respectively.The recovery for DP3 was 87.32(±0.03)％in the three independent injections.To sum up,this proposed method is helpful for improving the quality control of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus as well as other materials.

Asociación entre velocidad de marcha y deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017

Antecedentes: La velocidad de la marcha podría considerarse un marcador temprano de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre velocidad de la marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor chilena. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1788 personas mayores de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017 que tenían información sobre velocidad de marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. La velocidad de la marcha fue autorreportada y categorizada como marca lenta, normal y rápida. Sospecha de deterioro cognitivo fue evaluado a través del cuestionario Mini Mental abreviado. La asociación entre marcha y deterioro cognitivo fue investigada mediante análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: En comparación a las personas mayores que reportaron una velocidad de marcha rápida, aquellas que reportaron una marcha lenta presentaron 2,67 veces mayor probabilidad de tener deterioro cognitivo (OR: 2,67 [95% IC:1,62; 4,42], p<0,001). Al ajustar los modelos por variables de confusión sociodemográficas, estilos de vida y salud, la asociación disminuyó, pero, permaneció significativa (OR: 1,78 [95% IC:1,15; 3,17], p=0,047). Mientras que las personas mayores que reportaron tener una velocidad de marcha normal no presentaron asociación con deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: Personas mayores que reportan una velocidad de marcha lenta presentaron una mayor probabilidad de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Considerando que el deterioro cognitivo es un síndrome geriátrico con alta prevalencia en población mayor, existe la necesidad de enfatizar en estrategias para un diagnóstico temprano, por lo cual la velocidad de marcha podría ser un instrumento útil.

Background: Walking pace could be considered an early risk marker of cognitive impairment in older people. Objective: To determine the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. Methods: 1,788 adults older than 60 years from the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey with data available in the exposure and outcome were included in this cross-sectional study. Walking pace was self-reported and categorised as slow, average and brisk. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Abbreviated Mini-Mental questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment, logistic regression analyses - adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related covariates. Results: In the minimally adjusted model and compared to older adults who self-reported a brisk walking pace, those in the slow walking pace category were 2.67 times more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR: 2.67 [95% CI: 1.62, 4.42]). When the analyses were adjusted, the association was attenuated but remained significant (OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.15 3.17]). No associations were found between average pace walkers and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Older adults who self-reported a slow walking pace having a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment than their counterparts who had a brisk walking pace. Considering that cognitive impairment is a geriatric syndrome with a high prevalence in the elderly, there is a need to emphasise strategies for an early diagnosis. Therefore, walking pace may be a useful marker to identify individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.

A pace recognition method for exoskeleton wearers based on support vector machine-hidden Markov model / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to improve the motion fluency and coordination of lower extremity exoskeleton robots and wearers, a pace recognition method of exoskeleton wearer is proposed base on inertial sensors. Firstly, the triaxial acceleration and triaxial angular velocity signals at the thigh and calf were collected by inertial sensors. Then the signal segment of 0.5 seconds before the current time was extracted by the time window method. And the Fourier transform coefficients in the frequency domain signal were used as eigenvalues. Then the support vector machine (SVM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) were combined as a classification model, which was trained and tested for pace recognition. Finally, the pace change rule and the human-machine interaction force were combined in this model and the current pace was predicted by the model. The experimental results showed that the pace intention of the lower extremity exoskeleton wearer could be effectively identified by the method proposed in this article. And the recognition rate of the seven pace patterns could reach 92.14%. It provides a new way for the smooth control of the exoskeleton.

Cuidar a los trabajadores de la salud en tiempos de COVID-19 / Caring for health care workers in times of COVI D - 19 / Cuidando dos profissionais de saúde em tempos de COVID-19

1ISSN: 2346-2000 (En línea)Rev. Colomb. Enferm.•• Volumen 20•• Número III •• 2021•• Págs. 1-4 |e030Recibido: 2021-11-25Cómo citar este artículoDe Arco-Canoles OdC. Cuidar a los trabajadores de la salud en tiempos de COVID-19. Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad El Bosque. Rev Colomb Enferm [Internet]. 2021;20(3), e039.https://d oi.o rg/10.18270/rce.v20i3.3933EditorialCuidar a los trabajadores de la salud en tiempos de COVID-19Oneys del Carmen De Arco-CanolesOneys del Carmen De Arco-Canoles: Enfermera. Magíster en Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo. Profesora ads-crita al departamento de salud de colectivos de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-3441ocdec@unal.edu.coEl mundo cambió hace más de un año cuando llegó la COVID-19 de manera intempestiva a nuestras vidas, especialmente a la vida de los trabajadores de la salud que han estado en primera línea desde el primer momento que se habló de una enfermedad respiratoria altamente contagiosa en la provincia de Wuhan, China, y que ha cobrado a la fecha más de cinco millones de vidas según los reportes oficiales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (1) ­en adelante OMS-. Incluso esta misma organización, en su reporte de mayo de 2021, señaló que este número puede ser dos (2) o tres (3) veces superior al reportado, dada las interrupciones presentadas en los servicios de salud esenciales, el gasto de los hogares y el presupuesto estimado de la atención sanitaria.Para el caso puntual de los trabajadores sanitarios, el Consejo Internacional de Enfermería (2) ­CIE en adelante-, estimó para octubre del año 2020 que al menos 1.500 enfermeras habían perdido la batalla frente al virus, y cerca de 20.000 trabajadores sanitarios de 44 países del mundo, habían perdido la vida. En el reporte del año 2021, se estimó que los países que más se habían visto afectados fueron Brasil, Estados Unidos y México. Lo que se representa en un 60% del total de muertes de personal de enfermería en la región de las Américas.Según el último reporte de la OMS, hay cerca de 115.500 fallecidos que corresponden a los trabajadores del sector salud, con una cifra que podría ascender a 180.000, lo que sigue poniendo de manifiesto el desbalance que se presenta por las afecciones físicas y mentales que prevén que 10% del personal de enfermería deje esta labor en poco tiempo, sumándole a este escenario la escasez que ya se conocía de alrededor 6 millones de enfermeras, para cumplir con el estimado de razón enfermera- paciente por región según la OCDE (3).

The world changed more than a year ago when COVID-19 came untimely into our lives, especially when it came to the lives of health care workers who have been on the front line from the first word of a highly contagious respiratory disease in the city of Wuhan in China. According to official reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) (1), this virus has claimed the lives of more than five million to date. Even this agency indicated in its report on May 2021 that this number may be two (2) or three (3) times higher than reported, given the disruptions to essential health services, household spending, and the estimated health care budget.For the specific case of health care workers, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2) estimated by October 2020 that at least 1,500 nurses had lost the battle against the virus, and nearly 20,000 health care workers in 44 countries around the world had lost their lives. In the report 2021, it was estimated that the countries most affected were Brazil, the United States, and Mexico, accounting for 60% of the total number of nurses' deaths in the Region of the Americas.According to the latest WHO report, there are about 115,500 deaths of health care workers, a figure that could rise to 180,000. This situation continues to highlight the imbalance caused by physical and mental illnesses that predict that 10% of nursing staff will quit their jobs in a short time. To this scenario is added the well-known shortage of about 6 million nurses to achieve the nurse-to-patient ratio per region estimated by the OECD (3).Oneys del Carmen De Arco-Canoles: Enfermera. Magíster en Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo. Profesora ads-crita al departamento de salud de colectivos de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-3441ocdec@unal.edu.co

O mundo mudou há mais de um ano quando o COVID-19 entrou inesperadamente em nossas vidas, especialmente na vida dos trabalhadores de saúde que estiveram na linha de frente desde o primeiro momento em que se falou de uma doença respiratória na província de Wuhan, China, altamente contagiosa e que já custou mais de cinco milhões de vidas até hoje, de acordo com relatórios oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (1) ­de aqui em adiante OMS-. Inclusive essa mesma organização, em seu relatório de maio de 2021, apontou que esse número pode ser duas (2) ou três (3) vezes maior do que o relatado, dadas as interrupções nos serviços essenciais de saúde, gastos das famílias e o orçamento estimado de saúde.Para o caso específico dos profissionais de saúde, o Conselho Internacional de Enfermeiros (2) - de aqui em adiante CIE-, estimou até outubro de 2020 que pelo menos 1.500 enfermeiros haviam perdido a batalha contra o vírus e cerca de 20.000 trabalhadores de saúde de 44 países do mundo, perderam a vida. No relatório do ano de 2021, estimou-se que os países mais afetados foram Brasil, Estados Unidos e México. Isso representa 60% do total de mortes de pessoal de enfermagem na região das Américas.De acordo com o último relatório da OMS, existem cerca de 115.500 óbitos que correspondem a trabalhadores do setor da saúde, com um número que pode estender-se até 180.000, o que continua evidenciando o desequilíbrio que ocorre devido às condições físicas e mentais que vaticinam que 10% dos a equipe de enfermagem vai abandonar em pouco tempo o seu trabalho, somando-se a esse cenário a já conhecida carência de cerca de 6 milhões de enfermeiros, para atender à estimativa da relação enfermeiro-paciente por região segundo a OCDE (3).

The sex differences in the 10,000 m race strategy

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the running strategy between men and women in the 10,000 m race. Methods: Data from one-hundred and twenty-nine athletes who competed the 10,000 m final of the 2015, 2017 and 2019 world championship were grouped according to gender: 1) male group (n= 63; age= 25.9±4.4), and 2) female group (n= 66; age= 27.3±4.8). The running strategy was determined by assessing velocity over each kilometer. The velocity was calculated from the times available on the official website of the International Athletics Federation. Results: Men decreased running velocity after the first kilometer and kept the speed stable until km 9 and the kilometer 10 was greater when compared with 6-9 kilometer, while women increase running velocity until km 2 and kept the speed stable until km 9. The kilometer 10 velocity was greater when compared with 1-9 kilometer. (p< 0.001). In addition, women showed a greater average velocity variation when compared to men (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings show a sex differences in the 10,000 m race strategy between world-class.

Un llamado a dignificar la labor del personal de salud / A call for dignifying health personnel's work / Um chamado para dignificar o trabalho do pessoal de saúde

Em momentos de crise, são evidentes a magnitude e o impacto tanto das situações que de maneira oculta comprometem o bem-estar, quanto daquelas que se constituem em fatores protetores de saúde e da qualidade de vida. Vários autores (1) apontam as limitações dos modelos de saúde sujeitos à dinâmica do mercado, que, somadas à presença de iniquidades, fazem com que a lacuna para uma assistência oportuna e de qualidade seja cada vez maior. Além disso, exigem o reconhecimento efetivo do direito à saúde.De outro lado, as condições psicossociais caracterizadas pela incerteza do trabalho, a presença de vários tipos de violência, a fragmentação das redes de apoio primárias e institucionais e as atuais condições associadas à pandemia pelo COVID-19 têm um grande impacto em áreas importantes para o ser humano, como a sua vida social, familiar e conjugal, sendo reconhecidas como fatores favoráveis à geração de expressões emocionais e comportamentais de diferente ordem, que dinamizam estratégias de enfrentamento ao nível individual, familiar e comunitário. Tendo em vista que os profissionais de saúde são chamados a ser a primeira linha de cuidado nessas situações, as expressões de enfrentamento podem se consolidar como fator protetor ou de risco para a presença de estresse (2).Embora essa situação ocorra na população em geral, os trabalhadores de saúde vivenciam, por um lado, a satisfação de cuidar da vida e, por outro, níveis mais elevados de estresse (3) que colocam em risco sua saúde mental, por causa do alto grau de exigência e comprometimento com o trabalho, com implementação insuficiente das normas vigentes e condições assistenciais que transgridem os direitos por parte das instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde.

In times of crisis, the magnitude and impact of situations that concealingly undermine well-being and situations that constitute protective factors for health and quality of life become evident. Several authors (1) point out the limitations of health models subjected to market dynamics, which, added to inequities, widen the gap for timely and quality care. Besides, they demand the effective recognition of the right to health.On the other hand, psychosocial conditions characterized by job uncertainty, presence of different types of violence, primary and institutional support networks fragmentation, and current conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have a great impact on important areas for human beings such as social, family, and couple life, factors conducive to allow different kinds of emotional and behavioral expressions, which activate coping strategies in the individual, family, and community. Moreover, considering that health professionals are called to be the first line of care in these situations, coping expressions can be consolidated as a protective or risk factor for stress (2).Although this situation is present in the general population, health care workers experience the satisfaction of caring for life on the one hand, and higher levels of stress on the other hand (3), putting their mental health at risk due to the high demands of and commitment to their work, with the insufficient implementation of current regulations, and care conditions that violate the rights by health care providers.Unprecedented events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, going on for more than a year now, have uncovered the "humanity" and actual value of health personnel in society. This health emergency soon led to developing strategies to deal with what was seen as a threat to health systems without solid foundations. Initially, chaos ensued, and health personnel was on a two-way street:

En momento de crisis se evidencia la magnitud y el impacto tanto de situaciones que de manera soterrada menoscaban el bienestar, como de aquellas que constituyen factores protectores de la salud y la calidad de vida. Diversos autores (1) señalan las limitaciones de los modelos de salud sujetos a la dinámica del mercado que, sumadas a la presencia de inequidades, hacen cada vez mayor la brecha para una atención oportuna y con calidad. Ademas, reclaman el efectivo reconocimiento del derecho a la salud.De otra parte condiciones psicosociales caracterizadas por la incertidumbre laboral, la presencia de diversos tipos de violencia, la fragmentación de las redes de apoyo primarias e institucionales y las condiciones actuales asociadas a la pandemia por COVID-19 tienen un gran impacto en áreas importantes para los seres humanos como son su vida social, familiar y de pareja, reconociéndose como factores propicios para la generación de expresiones emocionales y comportamentales de diverso orden, que dinamizan estrategias de afrontamiento a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario. Teniendo en cuenta que los profesionales de la salud están llamados a ser primera línea de atención en estas situaciones, las expresiones de afrontamiento pueden consolidarse como factor protector o de riesgo para la presencia de estrés (2).Si bien esta situación se presenta en la población en general, los trabajadores de la salud experimentan, por un lado, la satisfacción de cuidar la vida y, por otro, mayores niveles de estrés (3) que ponen en juego su salud mental, a causa del alto grado de exigencia y compromiso con la labor, con una implementación insuficiente de la normatividad vigente y unas condiciones asistenciales que vulneran los derechos por parte de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios en salud.

A tematização do sertanejo nas aulas de Educação Física: o círculo de cultura como inspiração para a prática pedagógica / The thematization of the sertanejo in Physical Education classes: the circle of culture as inspiration for the pedagogical practice / La tematización del sertanejo en las clases de Educación Física: el círculo de la cultura como inspiración para la práctica pedagógica

O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar uma experiência pedagógica produzida em uma escola pública, localizada no município de São Bernardo do Campo ­ SP, realizada nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no segundo trimestre de 2019 e teve como tema a dança sertaneja. Foram organizadas 15 vivências permeadas por esse ritmo musical. Durante o projeto educativo, os estudantes vivenciaram os gestos dessa prática corporal, refletiram sobre aspectos históricos, sociais e políticos relacionados com o ritmo sertanejo, organizaram apresentações para a comunidade escolar e refletiram sobre todas essas experiências no círculo de cultura. Concluímos que as danças podem ser tematizadas nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar e os estudantes devem ser colocados em evidência na construção das experiências educativas, possibilitando a participação democrática desses discentes no cotidiano escolar.

The aim of this study was to report a pedagogical experience produced in a public school, located in the city of São Bernardo do Campo - SP, conducted in the early grades of elementary school. The work was developed in the second quarter of 2019 and had as its theme country dance. Where 15 experiences were organized permeated for this musical rhythm. During the educational project, students experienced the gestures of this body practice, reflected on historical, social and political aspects related to the country rhythm, organized presentations for the school community and reflected on all these experiences in the circle of culture. We conclude that the dances can be thematized in school physical education classes and students should be highlighted in the construction of educational experiences, enabling the democratic participation of these students in daily school life.

El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar una experiencia pedagógica producida en una escuela pública, ubicada en la ciudad de São Bernardo do Campo - SP, llevada a cabo en los grados iniciales de la escuela primaria. El trabajo se desarrolló en el segundo trimestre de 2019 y tuvo como tema el baile, donde se organizaron 15 experiencias permeadas por el ritmo musical sertanejo. Durante el proyecto educativo, los estudiantes experimentaron los gestos de esta práctica corporal, reflejada en aspectos históricos, sociales y políticos relacionados con el ritmo del país, presentaciones organizadas para la comunidad escolar y reflexionada sobre todas estas experiencias en el círculo de la cultura. Concluimos que los bailes pueden ser tematizados en las clases de educación física de la escuela y los estudiantes deben destacarse en la construcción de experiencias educativas, permitiendo la participación democrática de estos estudiantes en la vida escolar diaria.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan a los profesionales en enfermería / Psychosocial risk factors that affect nursing professionals / Fatores de risco psicossociais que afetam os profissionais de enfermagem

Objetivo: revisar la evidencia científica sobre los factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan a los profesionales en enfermería que laboran en servicios asistenciales: exigencias cuantitativas, ritmo de trabajo, doble presencia y demandas emocionales. Metodo: se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre el 2007 y el 2018 en las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, Scien - ceDirect, Scopus, OVID Nursing, Springer, Taylor and Francis y otros recursos electrónicos como SciELO y Lilacs, mediante los descriptores: enfermería, salud laboral, condiciones de trabajo, estrés laboral y carga de trabajo. Se seleccionaron 74 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: las exigencias cuantitativas y la intensificación del ritmo de trabajo aumentan la sobrecarga laboral, por la atención a un gran número de pacientes y la realización de funciones ajenas al ejercicio del cuidado directo. Las demandas emocionales se originan en la acción del cuidado y en la permanente confrontación con el sufrimiento, el dolor y la muerte. La compaginación entre el trabajo asalariado y el doméstico, así como el desempeño en dos o más empleos y el trabajo por turnos son frecuentes en la profesión. Conclusiones: el profesional en enfermería se expone en gran medida a los factores de riesgo psicosocial: exigencias cuantitativas, ritmo de trabajo, doble presencia y demandas emocionales. Estos pueden afectar negativamente su salud física y mental, así como la calidad del cuidado otorgado.

Objective: Review the scientific evidence on psychosocial risk factors: quantitative, work rate, double presence and emotional demands on nursing professionals in healthcare services. Mate - rial and method: A review of scientific articles was carried out from 2007 to 2018 in Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OVID Nursing, Springer, Taylor and Francis and other electronic databases such as SciELO and Lilacs, through the descriptors: nursing, occupational health, working conditions, work stress, and workload. We selected 74 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Quantitative demands and the intensifica - tion of the rhythm of work increase the nurse's work overload due large quantity of patients and functions unrelated to the exercise of direct care. The emotional demands originate during caretaking actions and in the permanent confrontation with suffering, pain and death. The combination of salaried and domestic work, as well as undertaking two or more jobs and shift work, are frequent aspects in nursing professionals. Conclusions: The nursing professional is exposed to psycho - social risk factors: quantitative, work pace, double presence and emotional demands, which can negatively affect their physical and mental health, as well as the quality of the care provided.

Objetivo: revisar as evidências científicas sobre fatores de risco psicossocial: exigências quantitativas, ritmo de trabalho, dupla presença e demandas emocionais em profissionais de enfer - magem de serviços de saúde. Material e método: uma revisão de artigos científicos foi realizada de 2007 a 2018 nas bases de dados: Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OVID Nursing, Springer, Taylor and Francis e outros recursos eletrônicos como SciELO e Lilacs, através dos descritores: enfermagem, saúde ocupacional, condições de trabalho, estresse laboral e carga de trabalho. Foram selecionados 74 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: as demandas quantitativas e a intensificação do ritmo de trabalho aumentam a sobrecarga de trabalho, por causa da atenção a um grande número de pacientes e funções não relacionadas ao exercício do cuidado direto. As demandas emocionais se originam na ação do cuidado e no confronto permanente com o sofrimento, a dor e a morte. A conciliação entre trabalho assalariado e doméstico, bem como o desempenho em dois ou mais postos de trabalho e turnos de trabalho, são aspectos frequentes nos profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusão: o profissional de enfermagem é exposto em grande parte a fatores de risco psicossocial: quantitativo, ritmo de trabalho, presença dupla e demandas emocionais, o que pode afetar negativamente sua saúde física e mental, bem como a qualidade do cuidado concedido.

Associated factors at performance in race of 10000 meters by amateurs runners / Fatores associados ao desempenho em uma corrida de 10000 metros em corredores amadores

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o desempenho neuromuscular após a realização de uma corrida de 10.000 metros e examinar a relação entre a composição corporal e as variáveis neuromusculares com o desempenho em prova (Pace e tempo de prova) em corredores amadores. Para tanto, 19 militares (28,5±2,3 anos) fizeram avaliação neuromuscular (força estática de pernas e preensão manual; força explosiva e flexibilidade), antropométrica e composição corporal antes e após uma prova de 10.000 metros. Foram observadas redução na força estática de pernas (P=0,034) e aumento da força explosiva (P=0,002) e flexibilidade (P=0,004) após a prova. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla, o somatório de dobras cutâneas foi relacionado ao tempo de prova e o Pace (p<0,05). Os resultados deste estudo indicam qua há alterações no desempenho neuromuscular após uma corrida de 10.000 metros e o desempenho da corrida está associado a composição corporal.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze neuromuscular variables after conducting a race of 10,000 meters and examine the relationship between body composition and neuromuscular variables with the performance in race (Pace and run time) in amateur runners. For this, 19 military (28.5±2.3 years), performed neuromuscular (static leg strength and handgrip; power of lower limbs and flexibility), anthropometric and body composition evaluation before and after a race 10,000 meters. There was a reduction in static leg strength (P=0.034) and increase in explosive strength (P=0.002) and flexibility (P=0.004) after the test. In linear multiple regression analyses the ∑ skinfolds was significantly related with Pace and run time (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that there are changes in neuromuscular performance after a race of 10,000 meters and race performance is associated with body composition.

Intervención educativa en adultos mayores para una longevidad satisfactoria. San Luis / Educational intervention in the elderly to a satisfactory long life. San Luis

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y longitudinal en adultos mayores pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico 40 del Policlínico "Epifanio Rojas Gil" del Municipio San Luís, Provincia Pinar del Río durante el 2007. Con el objetivo de aplicar un programa de intervención educativa a los ancianos, para modificar conocimientos y estilos de vida. El universo estuvo constituido por 129 adultos mayores y la muestra por 109 que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión. La información se obtuvo a partir de una encuesta y el instrumento para evaluar el funcionamiento familiar. Los resultados obtenidos fueron llevados a tablas estadísticas para realizar un análisis, a los cuales se les aplicó Técnicas de Estadística Descriptiva (números absolutos, porcientos) y prueba de hipótesis de comparación de proporción para el nivel de significación 0,05, para demostrar que se reducen las actividades perjudiciales relacionadas con el ritmo de vida después de la intervención educativa. Se incrementaron los conocimientos relacionados con los hábitos perjudiciales para la salud con la estrategia intervencionista. Disminuyeron los estilos de vida dañinos al incrementar los conocimientos sobre temas de salud con la capacitación. Se logró disminuir la ingestión de alimentos dañinos e incrementar la de los alimentos saludables con la intervención educativa y el funcionamiento familiar moderadamente funcional resultó ser la mayor percepción en los ancianos. La Intervención Educativa se considero muy satisfactoria por los resultados estadísticos obtenidos para lograr una Longevidad Satisfactoria.

A descriptive and longitudinal research was conducted with the elderly belonging to the Medical Office (No-40) at "Epifanio Rojas Gil" outpatient clinic in San Luis municipality, Pinar del Rio province during 2007. This research was aimed at applying a program of educational intervention to the elderly in order to increase knowledge and modify life styles. The target group was comprised of 129 old people and the sample with 109 having the criteria of inclusion. The information was collected from a survey and the tool to evaluate family function. The results obtained were described in statistical tables to complete the analysis. Descriptive statistics (absolute numbers, percentages) and the hypothesis test for the comparison of proportion to 0,05 level of significance were used to demonstrate that risky activities related to the pace of life after the educational intervention decreased . Knowledge related to the recognition of harmful health habits increased with the application of this intervention strategy. Negative life styles decreased with the increase of knowledge. Hazardous food consumption decreased and the ingestion of healthy food increased with the educational intervention. Moderately family function resulted in a major perception of the elderly. The educational intervention was very satisfactory due to the results achieved to accomplish a satisfactory long life.

Analysis and reduction strategy of complication in 103 older patients with pace markers implantation / 中国基层医药

Objective To explorethe complication and its cause and treatment of pace markers implantation in older patients. Methods To analyze the complication in 103 older patients with pace markers implantation. Resuits 5 patients happened complication(4.8 % ), the common complications related to operation were blood effusion and he matoma formation in pocket 4 cases,pocket infection 1 case. Occurrence of blood effusion was related to aspirin administration. Conclusion The older patient with pace marders implantation is safe.

Complication in 205 older patient with pace markers implantation were analyzed in order to find causes and treatment / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the complication and its cause and treatment of pace markers implantation in older patient.Methods Among 205 older patients aged 70 to 90 years,103 were male,the others were female.Of these patients,162 were implanted with single chamber pace marker,43 with dual chamber pace markers.Results 21 patients happened complication(10.2%),the common complications related to operation were blood effusion and hematoma formation in pocket 12 cases,lead dislodgement 4 cases and infection with or without pocket rapture 2 cases.Occurrence of blood effusion was related to aspirin administration,lead dislodgement and infection with or without pocket rapture were related to operation.Conclusion To pay attention to ample preparation,close operation and strict observation can decrease the complication rate when pace marker is implanted.The serious result will be avoided by timely and effective treatment.The older patient with pace markers implantation is safe.

EFFECTS OF WELL-ROUNDED EXERCISE PROGRAM ON OVERALL FITNESS IN OLDER OUTPATIENTS / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of well-rounded exercise program (WREP) on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, body composition, and serum lipid concentration in a group of older outpatients. WREP was composed of programmed aerobic/ anaerobic accommodating circuit exercise (PACE) and flexibility exercises. Twenty-two volunteers (69.6±3.2 yr) were used as subjects. All participants engaged in a supervised exercise program (50 min/day and 3 days/week) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of training, there was a significant increase in VO<SUB>2</SUB> corresponding to lactate threshold (13.4%) but peak V0<SUB>2</SUB> did not change. There were significant increases for knee extension (17.1%) and flexion (12.3%), chest pull (10.9%), low back flexion (26.6%), and shoulder press (14.6%) after training. Side stepping agility (13%), trunk flexion (129%) and trunk extension (19%) were also significantly improved. There were significant decreases in percent of body fat (-8.3%), total cholesterol (-7.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.7%) . Blood pressure also decreased in SBP (-lOmmHg) and DBP (- 5 mmHg) . The decline in SBP was significant in thirteen hypertensive patients (-14 mmHg) compared to non-hypertensive patients (- 5 mmHg) . These results indicate that WREP elicits significant improvement of overall fitness in older outpatients.

The treatment of the remnant electrode infection of the permanent pace makers by means of silicone adhesive wrapped and covered the electrodes / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective Treatment remnant electrode infection of permanent cardiac pace makers Methods Remnant electrodes were wrapped in silicone adhesive and covered with skin Results In 16 patients of permanent pace makers with infections of remnant electrodes, by using the method of wrapped and covered electrodes, infection did not occur in the observation of 3 to 24 months Conclusion It is an effective method to treat the infection caused by remnant electrodes of pace makers by means of silicone adhesive wrapping and covering electrodes