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@#The in vitro release is an important index to evaluate the quality of liposome formulation.Currently, there is no evaluation method for the in vitro release of liposome in pharmacopoeia of various countries, which leads to the lack of unified standard and safety guarantee for the quality evaluation of liposome formulation.Taking the self-made paclitaxel derivative liposomes as an example, the paddle membrane binding method established by optimizing external release conditions was used to simulate the complete release of paclitaxel derivative drugs in 12 hours under physiological conditions.The results showed that using 0.5% SDS-HEPES as the release medium and a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 1 000 kD to release the liposome solution met the requirements and had discrimination ability, providing a reference for the development of drug-loaded liposomes release methods in vitro.
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A patient who suffered soft tissue defects of all 5 digits of left hand was referred to the Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China in January 2020. A quadruple paddled posterior interosseous artery flaps was used to cover the defect in index, middle, ring and little fingers and a free hallux nail flap was used to repair the defect in thumb. Two years after operation, the appearance and texture of the flaps of all digits in the left hand were good. The function of the digits was good as well. There were slightly noticeable scars left in both the donor sites of left forearm and right foot.
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Resumo Objetivou-se mensurar os efeitos da cafeína em teste de precisão de voleio específico (TPVE). Após 30 min da ingesta de 6mg•kg-1 de cafeína (CAF) ou placebo (PLA), 12 atletas fizeram duas sessões de treino de 45 min. Mediu-se resistência de preensão manual (RPM), foram registradas frequência cardíaca (FC) e percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e foi conduzido TPVE. Não foram observadas diferenças na FC máxima, PSE e RPM entre condições. No TPVE, feito após a sessão de treino, registraram-se 31 ± 3,2 e 34,4 ± 4,6 pontos para PLA e CAF, respectivamente (p < 0,05; d = 1,06). Indica-se 94% de provável efeito positivo com a ingestão de CAF e se conclui que CAF pode aumentar a eficiência em gestos específicos após treino de pádel.
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on performance of specific precision paddle test. Twelve paddle athletes performed two specific training sessions of 45 minutes, preceded by 6mg•kg-1 of caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) 30 min before. Pre and post-workout was measured handgrip endurance, recorded heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and conducted specific volleying test. The % of maximal HR in CAF and PLA post-training were 93.6±3.3 and 92.1±4.4 respectively. There were similar responses of RPE and handgrip endurance. In the specific test was reached 31±3.2 and 34.4±4.6 points in PLA and CAF, respectively, was evidenced a 94% probable positive effect of CAF. Therefore, the CAF seems to increase efficiency in specific actions after an intense paddle workout.
Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue medir los efectos de la cafeína en el rendimiento de una prueba de precisión específica de pádel. Doce jugadores de pádel llevaron a cabo dos sesiones de entrenamiento específicas de 45 minutos, precedidas por la ingesta de 6mg•kg-1 de cafeína (CAF) o placebo (PLA) 30 minutos antes. Se midió la fuerza de prensión manual previa y posterior al entrenamiento, la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) registrada y el esfuerzo percibido (EP), y también se realizó una prueba específica de pádel. El porcentaje de FC máxima en CAF y PLA después del entrenamiento fue 93,6±3,3 y 92,1±4,4, respectivamente. Fueron similares el EP y la prensión manual. En la prueba específica se registraron 31±3,2 y 34,4±4,6 puntos en PLA y CAF, respectivamente, y el 94% del efecto positivo sobre la probable ingesta de CAF. Por tanto, la CAF parece aumentar la eficiencia en gestos concretos después de una intensa sesión de ejercicios de pádel.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for determination of the dissolution of inhaled drugs by using indacaterol maleate, ipratropium bromide and budesonide as model drugs, and explore the law of dissolution of inhaled drugs. METHODS: Samples were prepared and the improved paddle apparatus method (USP dissolution assay-fifth method) was used for dissolution experiment. Samples were taken at a certain time, and the drug concentration was determined by HPLC. The sample dispersion method, dissolution medium and membrane were optimized, meanwhile inhaled drugs with different properties were measured and dissolution curve was modeled. RESULTS: An improved paddle apparatus method for simulating drug dissolution in respiratory tract was developed, samples were collected using the new generation impactor and the dissolution parameters were determined to be as follows: 150 mL of dissolution medium (250 mL dissolution cup), 2% Tween 80-PBS dissolution medium, 4.5 cm watch glass (4.7 cm drug-loaded membranes and 4.7 cm mesh screen), glass microfiber filters, double-layer membranes, drug-loaded membrane fixation method (level the mesh screen) and sampling time of 3 h; Weibull model was suitable for fitting the three drugs with different solubility (r2>0.999 1). CONCLUSION: The method is simple and reproducible, and can be used to determine the dissolution of inhalation drugs; the dissolution process of inhaled drugs is consistent with Weibull model.
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Objective To explore how to overcome the difficulties during two paddle anterolateral thigh flap harvest. Methods From January, 2009 to December, 2015, the harvest of two paddle anterolateral thigh flap was encountered difficulties during surgery in 8 cases, which were 7 males and 1 female. The age was ranged from 16 to 48 years old, with averaged of 32.8. Six patients presented with one defect, and 2 patients presented with two defects. The skin defects ranged from 60-247 cm2. The number of the flap perforator, vascular source, flap pattern and out-comes was recorded. All patiants were followed-up at regular intervals. Results All of 8 flaps were converted suc-cessfully during surgery. Only 1 perforator was found in 4 cases. The flap was converted to sigle perforator flap. The dornor site was covered by skin graft. Two perforators from different origins were found in 2 cases, and the flap was converted to sequential chimeric flap. Two perforators from descending branch and transverse branch respectively were found in 1 case, and the flap was converted to combined anterolateral thigh and tensor fascia lata flap. Only 1 perfora-tor was found in 1 case, which the distal defect was small sized, the flap was converted to deepithelialized two paddle flap. The flap ranged from 78-288 cm2. Venous compromise was happened in 1 case, and the flap survived after reex-ploration surgery. Local infection was found in 2 cases, and cured with wound dressing. Other flaps were survived un-eventfully. At donor site, 1 case wound dehiscence and 1 case local infection, both of which underwent debridement and healed. All patiants were followed-up for 7-21(mean, 11.5)months. The flaps had satisfactory appearance and soft texture. Conclusion When it is difficult to harvest two paddle anterolateral thigh flap during surgery, the flap need to be converted rationally based on the characteristics of the defect, the number of the flap perforator, and the vascular origins.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the dissolution determination of Pentoxyverine citrate and guaifenesin tab-lets,and to compare the difference of preparations from different manufactures. METHODS:The paddle method was used to deter-mine the dissolution,using water as medium with medium volume of 1000 mL and rotation speed of 75 r/min,sampling at 45 min. HPLC method was used to determine the accumulative dissolution of pentoxyverine citrate and guaifenesin:CAPCELL PAK C18 MGⅡ S-5 column;mobile phase of acetonitrile-triethylamine phosphoric buffer solution(pH 2.6±0.05)(33:67,V/V),flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength of 215 nm(pentoxyverine citrate)and 275 nm(guaifenesin),column temperature of 35 ℃,sample size of 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear range of pentoxyverine citrate and guaifenesin were 5.0916-50.9155 μg/mL(r=0.9999)and 29.9995-299.9952 μg/mL(r=0.9999),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. Average recoveries were 97.90%-100.68%(RSD=0.95%,n=9)and 97.09%-101.85%(RSD=1.32%,n=9). Average accu-mulative dissolution of pentoxyverine citrate in 6 manufactures of samples were 12%,98%,66%,97%,91%,32%(n=3);those of guaifenesin were 8%,95%,68%,90%,93%,18%(n=3),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,ac-curate,sensitive,specific and suitable for the dissolution determination of Pentoxyverine citrate and guaifenesin tablets. The dissolu-tion of samples between different manufactures and the same manufactures different batches are quite different.
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Os objetivos desse estudo foram: 1) verificar as respostas do lactato sanguíneo e da frequência cardíaca (FC) durante um protocolo de campo específico de remada no surfe; 2) correlacionar os índices de capacidade e potência aeróbia determinados nesse protocolo específico com o tempo de prática da modalidade e variáveis antropométricas. Participaram deste estudo nove sujeitos (24 ± 4,5 anos; 72,2 ± 6,7 kg; 178,4 ± 4,8 cm) que foram submetidos a um teste progressivo intermitente de remada sobre a sua própria prancha de surfe, do tipo vai e vêm, com velocidades iniciais entre 1-1,1 m/s e incrementos de 0,05 m/s a cada 3 min até a exaustão voluntária. Uma resposta linear e exponencial foram observadas para a FC e o lactato sanguíneo, respectivamente, durante o protocolo incremental. Este comportamento foi semelhante ao demonstrado durante protocolos incrementais com objetivo de avaliar a capacidade e a potência aeróbia realizados em outras modalidades cíclicas. Além disso, foram encontradas correlações significantes entre o pico de velocidade (PV) e a velocidade correspondente ao início do acúmulo de lactato no sangue (vOBLA) (r = 0,87, p = 0,005) e do PV com tempo de prática de surfe (r = 0,70, p = 0,03). No entanto, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre PV e vOBLA com nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas mensuradas. Assim, podemos concluir que o protocolo incremental específico de remada no surfe utilizado no presente estudo poderia ser uma ferramenta útil na determinação de índices relacionados à capacidade (vOBLA) e potência (PV) aeróbia de surfistas.
The aim of this study were: 1) to analyse heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (La) responses during a protocol of intermittent surfing paddle on board; 2) to correlate the aerobic capacity and power indexes determined from this specific protocol with the experience in surfing practice and anthropometric variables. Participated in the study nine subjects (24 ± 4.5 years; 72.2 ± 6.7 kg; 178.4 ± 4.8 cm) were submitted to an intermittent incremental shuttle paddle test on the surfboard, with initial velocity between 1 to 1.1 m/s and increments from 0.05 m/s for each 3 min until volitional exhaustion. During the incremental protocol, linear and exponential responses were observed for HR and La, respectively. These responses were similar to those demonstrated during incremental protocols in cyclic exercise modes aiming to assess the aerobic power and capacity. They were found significant correlations between the peak velocity (PV) and velocity at the Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation (vOBLA) (r = 0.87) and between the PV and experience in surfing practice (r = 0.7). However, they were found no significant correlations between PV and vOBLA with anthropometrics variables and weekly training volume. Thus, we conclude that the specific protocol of intermittent surfing paddle could be a useful tool to determine indices related with aerobic power (PV) and capacity (OBLA) of surfers.
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Humans , Adult , Sports , Anthropometry , Heart RateABSTRACT
El rendimiento deportivo se encuentra asociado a una óptima morfología del deportista. El pádel que es un deporte que posee gran número de adeptos, necesita de mayor información acerca de los jugadores que lo practican. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el somatotipo antropométrico de 48 jugadores de alto rendimiento en pádel. Un análisis de la varianza fue aplicado para hallar diferencias entre categorías de juego y la pruena T-Student para aquellas en función del sexo y el rendimiento deportivo (ganadores y perdedores). Las variables de peso, talla e Índice de Masa Corporal son similares entre las diferentes categorías de jugadores analizados, excepto entre hombres y mujeres. El somatotipo dominante de los jugadores fue meso-endomórfico (3,6 - 6,9 - 1,9 y 4,1 - 5,4 - 3,0; en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente). Las distancias de dispersión del somatotipo muestran diferencias significativas con otros deportes como el squash, bádminton y tenis. Los resultados aportan información relevante para determinar la morfología ideal de los jugadores de pádel, hasta la fecha desconocido.
Athletic performance is associated to an optimal morphology of the athlete. Paddle-tennis is a sport with a large number of followers needing more information about the players who practice it. The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometric somatotype of 48 high-level paddle-tennis players. ANOVA was applied to find differences between categories of the game and a T-Student test for those based on sex and athletic performance (winners and losers). The variables of weight, height and BMI are similar between players of different categories, except between males and females. Dominant somatotype of players was Meso-Endomorphic (3.6 - 6.9 - 1.9 and 4.1 - 5.4 - 3.0; in males and females, respectively). The somatotype dispersion distances show significant differences with other sports such as squash, badminton and tennis. The results provide important information to determine the ideal morphology of paddle-tennis players, so far unknown.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Somatotypes , Racquet Sports , Anthropometry , Athletes , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
A case of a patient suffering from a skin self applied where psychoanalytic listening was experimented. Among the comments is the consideration of the reader to believe that some cases of psychosomatic dermatosis may be reversible through analytical listening, as a counterpoint against the current trend classify patients within a psychiatric disorder. Set to consider a new syndrome with sensory and emotional components: PADDLE syndrome.
Se presenta el caso de un paciente afectado de una dermatosis autoprovocada donde se aplicó la escucha psicoanalítica. Dentro de los comentarios se lleva a la consideración del lector, la posibilidad de pensar que ciertos casos de dermatosis psicosomáticas pueden ser reversibles a través de la escucha analítica, como contrapunto frente a la tendencia actual de encasillar los pacientes dentro de algún trastorno psiquiátrico. Se pone a consideración un nuevo síndrome con componentes sensoriales y afectivos: el Síndrome PADDLE.
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Humans , Male , Aged , Skin Diseases/psychology , Medical History Taking/methods , Skin Diseases/rehabilitationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination of the dissolution of cibenzoline succinate tablets. METHODS: The content of cibenzoline succinate was determined by HPLC and computed based on the peak area in the external reference method. The chromatographic column was Diamonsil C18. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-phosphoric acid(40∶60). The detective wavelength was set at 230 nm. The dissolution was determined by paddle method. RESULTS: The linear range of cibenzoline succinate was 1～40 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) and the average recovery rate was 97.70%(RSD=0.14%).The dissolution rates of 3 batches of samples at 15 min were all above 80%.CONCLUSION: The established method is simple,rapid and accurate,and it is applicable for the determination of the dissolution of cibenzoline succinate tablets.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the dissolubilities of Tamoxifen citrate tablets from four domestic pharmaceutical factories METHODS:Rotating basket method and paddle method were used,and Td were calculated by Weibull distribution RESULTS:Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in Td among the products from different factories,and the dissolubility of the same product detected by rotating basket was slower than that by paddle method CONCLUSION:The dissolubilities of Tamoxifen citrate tablets have significant differences among four different domestic products