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Objective To study the effect of comprehensive pain intervention on newborns' acute pain stimulus on heel's blood collection.Methods One hundred neonates were equally randomized into control group and treatment group.In the former,blood collection was done from heel without any intervention and in the latter the comprehensive intervention was done five minutes before blood collection from heel and 5 minutes after that.The two groups were compared in terms of heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,acute pain stimulus,crying time during collection and time for facial expressions 30 seconds before collection and 30 seconds after that.Results The score on pains and crying time during collection and time of pain face in the intervention group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group and the time for crying and painful facial expressions was both significantly shorter than those in the control group (P＜0.001).There was insignificant different in blood oxygen saturation (P＞0.05) and significant in the heart rate (P＜.0.01) 30 seconds before and after collection.Conclusion The comprehensive intervention by radiation warming,nipple or 10％ glucose sucking,caressing and curled-up position can relieve effectively the pains from neonatal invasive operation.
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BACKGROUND: Although a physician may be the nearest to the radiation source during C-arm fluoroscope-guided interventions, the radiographer is also near the fluoroscope. We prospectively investigated the radiation exposure of radiographers relative to their location. METHODS: The effective dose (ED) was measured with a digital dosimeter on the radiographers' left chest and the side of the table. We observed the location of the radiographers in each procedure related to the mobile support structure of the fluoroscope (Groups A, M and P). Data about age, height, weight, sex, exposure time, radiation absorbed dose (RAD), and the ED at the radiographer's chest and the side of the table was collected. RESULTS: There were 51 cases for Group A, 116 cases for Group M and 144 cases for Group P. No significant differences were noted in the demographic data such as age, height, weight, and male to female ratio, and exposure time, RAD and ED at the side of the table. Group P had the lowest ED (0.5 +/- 0.8 microSv) of all the groups (Group A, 1.6 +/- 2.3 microSv; Group M, 1.3 +/- 1.9 microSv; P < 0.001). The ED ratio (ED on the radiographer's chest/ED at the side of the table) of Group A was the highest, and the ED radio of Group P was the lowest of all the groups (Group A, 12.2 +/- 21.5%; Group M, 5.7 +/- 6.5%; Group P, 2.5 +/- 6.7%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Radiographers can easily reduce their radiation exposure by changing their position. Two steps behind the mobile support structure can effectively decrease the exposure of radiographers by about 80%.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , ThoraxABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of pain intervention on limb function exercises in patients with peripheric fractures of knee joint.Methods 60 patients with peripheric fractures of knee joint were randomized in equal number into the observation group and control group.Both groups took functional exercises for affected limbs.Besides,the former and latter groups were administered with celecoxib at a dosage of 200mg twice a day from pre-operation to discharge and after operation,respectively.The two groups were compared in terms of pain degree at different time points as well as the functional recovery of affected limbs.Results The observation group was lower in pain scores than the control group at hours 6,8,12,24,36 and 48.The active and passive motions of the affected limbs in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control at days 1,2,3,4 and 5(all P<0.001).Conclusion Pain intervention with celecoxib before operation may help patients to take functional exercises as early as possible,promoting the rehabilitation of functions of affected limbs.
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PURPOSE: CT guided epidural steroid injection (ESI) is not commonly used for the management of lumbar pain in Korea. Therefore, we evaluated a short term improvement as defined by the scale of pain after CT guided ESI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively followed 29 consecutive patients (average age, 62 years; range, 38-78 years; 10 men, 19 women) with lumbar radiculopathy for a minimal follow-up period of 1 month. The intensity of radicular pain was scored by the patient on the visual analog scan (VAS), from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal intensity). Scores before and after the procedure were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired values. Pain relief was classified as "0" when the pain was completely resolved or had diminished, "1" for not changing, "2" for an increase in pain. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores were 8 (range, 2-10) before and 5 (range, 1-10) 1 month after the procedure, with significant pain relief (p < .001). Pain relief was divided as 0 in 21 patients (72%), 1 in 8 patients (28%) without anyone of grade 2. There was no procedure-related complication except one patient with temporary left side weakness and sensory change which lasted 1-2 hours and subsided thereafter propably due to temporary route compression caused by previous postoperative adhesion or inadvertent intrathecal injection. CONCLUSION: Good pain relief can be expected after CT guided ESI. CT guided ESI may have some difficulties in postoperative patient with metal devices or adhesion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Follow-Up Studies , Korea , Prospective Studies , Radiculopathy , SpineABSTRACT
Epidural steroid injection is a technique that delivers corticosteroids into epidural space to relieve pain, and composed of transforaminal, caudal, and interlaminar approaches according to different clinical indications.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Epidural Space , SpineABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A survey was done on knowledge of pain and pain interventions by clinical nurses in Deagu city and Kyoungbuk province. METHOD: The participants in this study were 209 nurses who worked in Daegu city, and 190 nurses who worked in Kyoungbuk province. The data were collected from August 5, to September 15, 2002. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program using numbers, percentages, averages and standard deviation with t-test and ANOVA. RESULT: Out of a total of 30 points on general knowledge of pain, the clinical nurses had a high score of 28, and a low of 10. The average was 18.6 (SD=3.14). Of the participants, 57.9% reported not having had any pain education and 67.9% agreed that education is a necessity. Of pharmacological interventions, Tylenol had the highest score at 3.44 out of a possible 4 points. The most frequent route for giving medication was intramuscular injection (42.6%) and for 62.7%, there was a decision by the physician for routine medication or prn. On reactions after medication, moderate relief had the highest frequency (41.9%), and for side effects after the medication, feeling of nausea was most frequent (70.4%). Of the nonpharmacological approaches to pain relief, ice bag had the highest score with 2.95 out of a possible 4. Judgement to give medication was made by the nurse for 50.1% of the participants and 64.7% reported a little relief from pain. CONCLUSION: Based upon the results, continuing education and developing a better education programs (including pain mechanism, pain assessment, pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions) are needed for systematic pain management. Nurses need a high level of knowledge of pain, to be active in pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions.