Rock art: the body culture of movement before Brazil / Arte rupestre: a cultura corporal do movimento antes do Brasil / Arte rupestre: la cultura del cuerpo del movimiento antes de Brasil

This investigation discusses the relationship between the body culture of movement and two rock art scenes located in the Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, (Serra da Capivara National Park) - PNSC, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The scenes depict a flic flac and a human pyramid, which have been accepted in contemporaneity as gymnastics and acrobatics. An interdisciplinary theoretical apparatus based on Physical Education and its relationships with Archeology and Anthropology was used in the analysis. The analysis is based on inferences, as nothing guarantees that the hands that portrayed the scenes had the same intentions as the authors of the research. One of the findings understands that motor skills helped the daily demands of adversity for the survival of the group. In another point of view, based on the Ilinx concept, flic flac satisfies the search for a trance/vertigo vital to ritualistic liturgy, and the human pyramid serves the imperative task of consolidating cooperative bonds and trust between its members in a hostile environment. (AU)

A investigação discute as relações entre duas artes rupestres - flic flac e a pirâmide humana -, admitidas na contemporaneidade como ginástica e acrobacia, localizadas no Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara - PNSC, no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, e a cultura corporal do movimento. Utilizou-se de um aparato teórico interdisciplinar fundamentado na Educação Física e suas relações com a Arqueologia e Antropologia na análise. Trata-se de inferências, pois nada garante que as mãos que retrataram as cenas tinham a intencionalidade dos autores da pesquisa. Uma das ilações entende que as habilidades motoras auxiliavam as demandas do cotidiano de adversidades para sobrevivência do grupo. Por outro prisma, a partir do conceito de Ilinx, o flic flac atende a busca de um transe/vertigem vital a liturgia ritualística, e, a pirâmide humana serve a imperiosa tarefa de consolidar os laços cooperativos e de confiança entre os seus membros em um ambiente hostil. (AU)

Esta investigación discute la relación entre la cultura corporal del movimiento y dos escenas de arte rupestre ubicadas en el Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara/PNSC, en el estado de Piauí, Brasil. Las escenas representan flic flac y pirámide humana, que han sido aceptadas en la contemporaneidad como gimnasia y acrobacia. Se utilizó en el análisis un aparato teórico interdisciplinario basado en la Educación Física y sus relaciones con la Arqueología y la Antropología. El análisis se basa en inferencias, nada garantiza que las manos que retrataron las escenas tuvieran las mismas intenciones que los autores de la investigación. Uno de los hallazgos comprende que la motricidad ayudó a las exigencias diarias de la adversidad para la supervivencia del grupo. En otro punto de vista, basado en el concepto Ilinx, flic flac satisface la búsqueda de trance/vértigo vital para la liturgia ritualista, y la pirámide humana cumple la tarea imperativa de consolidar lazos de cooperación y confianza entre sus miembros en un ambiente hostil. (AU)

Intervention effect of painting art therapy on fatigue and sleep quality in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of painting art therapy in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and to provide reference for clinical nursing.Methods:Adopted the convenience sampling method to collect 90 young and middle-aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Room of Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. They were divided into two groups according to the time of enrollment. The patients enrolled from March 2018 to March 2019 served as the control group, and the patients enrolled from April 2019 to March 2020 served as the study group. There were 45 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine nursing care, and the study group received 4 times of painting art therapy on this basis. Before and after the intervention, the effects were assessed by the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results:Finally, there were 44 cases in the control group and 43 cases in the study group. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the observation indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, scores of sensory, emotional, cognition, behavioral demensions and total fatigue scores of PFS-R were (3.33 ± 1.02), (4.47 ± 1.42), (3.56 ± 0.79), (3.26 ± 0.76) and (3.65 ± 0.57) in the study group, significantly lower than those in the control group (5.41 ± 1.13), (6.07 ± 1.37), (4.95 ± 1.21), (4.43 ± 0.87) and (5.22 ± 0.51) (t values were 5.14-13.30, all P<0.05). Scores of sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency factor score and PSQI total score were (0.95 ± 0.20), (1.71 ± 0.33), (1.10 ± 0.21) and (9.13 ± 0.60) in the study group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.13 ± 0.19), (1.90 ± 0.24), (1.35 ± 0.31) and (9.90 ± 0.71), the differences were statistically significant (t values were 2.95 - 5.44, all P<0.05).Conclusions:Painting art therapy can effectively relieve fatigue symptoms and improve sleep quality in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis.

El arte, la pintura y la reumatología a través de la historia: apuntes y consideraciones reflexivas de un reumatólogo cubano / Art, painting and rheumatology through history: notes and reflective considerations of a Cuban rheumatologist

Desde la antigüedad existe una interrelación entre arte y medicina, y una representación de la reumatología y las enfermedades reumáticas. En nuestra revisión incluimos información sobre los periodos cronológicos de la historia en la Europa medieval, en la América prehispánica, y aborigen en Cuba representada por el arte de los taínos, grupo de mayor desarrollo. Repasamos aspectos sociopolíticos y de la cultura general, y reflexionamos sobre la importancia de los paleopatólogos y reumatólogos estudiosos de estos temas, que evidenciaron en la antigüedad en momias y restos fósiles, la presencia de enfermedades como el mal de Pott, osteomielitis y espondiloartropatías. Se reseñan publicaciones de cómo los artistas mostraron en sus pinturas y esculturas algunas enfermedades reumáticas como la gota, artritis reumatoide, artritis reumatoide juvenil y deformidades óseas angulares entre otras. Destacamos obras de los grandes maestros en las que se expresan algunas manifestaciones reumáticas como en el Nacimiento de Venus de Sandro Botticelli o las Tres Gracias de Peter Paul Rubens. Se ofrecen datos históricos del surgimiento de la reumatología, los próceres de la especialidad en Europa y el continente americano, su organización en Ligas regionales como la panamericana (PANLAR), y la modesta contribución de la reumatología cubana mediante algunos logros alcanzados como su integración a organizaciones internacionales de reumatología y osteoporosis como PANLAR, ACCAR, IOF, SIBOMM, y la realización de decenas de eventos internacionales publicaciones de libros, artículos en revistas, la creación de la Revista Cubana de Reumatología, el fomento de la docencia posgrado, y los premios y reconocimientos científicos en eventos internacionales entre otros, todo lo cual permite hoy esbozar pasajes de la historia de la reumatología continental y de Cuba, a través de la visión del arte desde la antigüedad a la contemporaneidad(AU)

The Art, Painting and Rheumatology through the history: Notes and reflective Considerations of a Cubans rheumatologist. We carry out an extensive review on some aspects that we consider relevant in "the world of art and its evolution ", developed by primitive man in prehistory, antiquity with the greatness of classicism in architecture, sculpture and painting, focused on its interrelation with the also "art of medicine", rheumatology and rheumatic diseases. We include information on the chronological periods of history in medieval Europe, pre-Hispanic in America, and aboriginal in Cuba, the Caribbean island represented by the art of the Taínos. We review socio-political aspects, and reflect on the capital importance of paleopathologists and rheumatologists studying these issues, which they evidenced in antiquity in Europe and in pre-Hispanic America in mummies and fossil remains, with the presence of diseases such as Pott's disease, osteomyelitis, and spondyloarthropathies. We review to, how the artists showed in their paintings and sculptures some rheumatic diseases such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, angular bone deformities among others. We highlight works by the great masters in which some rheumatic manifestations are expressed, such as the Birth of Venus, or the three Graces of geniuses such as Sandro Botticelli and Peter Paul Rubens. We review historical data on the emergence of rheumatology, their organization in regional leagues such as the Pan-American League (PANLAR), and the contribution of Cuban rheumatology, at the integration into international organizations of rheumatology and osteoporosis such as PANLAR, ACCAR, IOF, SIBOMM, and the realization of dozens of international events, publications of books, articles in magazines, the creation of the Cuban journal of rheumatology, the promotion of postgraduate teaching, obtaining prizes and scientific recognitions in international events among others. These, today allows us to sketch passages in the history of continental rheumatology and Cuba, through the vision of art since ancient times to contemporary(AU)

El Finlay de Albaijés / Finlay painting by Albaijés

La labor científica del doctor Carlos J. Finlay Barrés ha motivado el trabajo de artistas que lo han homenajeado con obras que constituyen auténticos patrimonios artísticos y culturales de la nación. Entre los que le rindieron homenaje con la pintura se encuentra el maestro Juan Albaijés Ciurana, quien representó en un óleo, al ilustre sabio. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar esta obra y fundamentar el noble motivo que inspiró la pintura. Se utilizó el método iconográfico y el iconológico, fundamentados con una revisión bibliográfica sobre la vida del médico cubano y su actividad investigativa que lo convirtió en eminente hombre de ciencia, capaz de elaborar a finales del siglo XIX, una avanzada teoría sobre el modo de contagio y de propagación de la fiebre amarilla, comprobada experimentalmente y llevada a la práctica, lo cual contribuyó a salvar numerosas vidas en Cuba y en otras áreas del continente. Los resultados de este trabajo causan interés por el conocimiento del arte y su relación con la historia de la medicina. Se destaca además el valor didáctico de la obra pictórica para el trabajo educativo orientado a la formación de los futuros profesionales de la salud(AU)

The scientific work of Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Barrés has motivated the work of artists who have honored him with works that constitute authentic artistic and cultural heritages of the nation. Among those who paid homage to him with painting is the master Juan Albaijés Ciurana, who represented the illustrious sage in oil. The present work aims to show this work and establish the noble motif that inspired the painting. The iconographic and iconological methods were used, based on a bibliographic review on the life of the Cuban doctor and his investigative activity that made him an eminent man of science, capable of elaborating at the end of the 19th century, an advanced theory on the mode of contagion and the spread of yellow fever, proven experimentally and put into practice, which contributed to saving many lives in Cuba and other areas of the continent. The results of this work cause interest in the knowledge of art and its relationship with the history of medicine. The didactic value of the pictorial work for educational work aimed at the training of future health professionals is also highlighted(AU)

Effect of painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on mood and physiological state in patients in preoperative waiting room / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The waiting room for surgery is an area set up to improve the surgical turnover rate, but the waiting time for surgery is uncertain. Patients are prone to negative emotions that affect their physiological state during waiting time. This study aims to explore the effect of Mandala painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on the emotion and physiological state of patients waiting before operation.@*METHODS@#The patients in the control group (@*RESULTS@#Diastolic pressure, heart rate, and happiness and excitement showed no statistical significance in the time effect, intervention effect, and interaction between the 2 factors (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of Mandala painting in the operation waiting room is feasible and can effectively regulate the patients' negative mood and systolic pressure, as well as shorten the waiting time of perception.

Effects of parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy on preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effects of parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy on the core symptoms of preschool children with mild-to-moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the parenting stress and hope level of their mothers.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 preschool children with mild-to-moderate ASD and their mothers were divided into an experimental group and a control group using the block randomization method, with 28 pairs in each group. The subjects in the control group received an applied behavior analytic intervention and those in the experimental group received parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy in addition to the intervention in the control group. The intervention time was 20 weeks for both groups. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), and Herth Hope Index (HHI) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of children and the parenting stress and hope level of their mothers before and after 20 weeks of intervention.@*RESULTS@#Forty-nine child-mother pairs completed the study (25 pairs in the intervention group and 24 pairs in the control group). The children in the experimental group had significantly lower scores of social interaction, language, social communication, and social motivation and total scores of ABC and SRS compared with those in the control group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of applied behavior analytic intervention with parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy can more effectively improve the core symptoms and social interaction of preschool children with mild-to-moderate ASD, reduce the parenting stress of mothers and improve their hope level.

A Eficácia do Body Painting no Ensino-Aprendizagem da Anatomia: um Estudo Randomizado / Efficacy of Body Painting in the Teaching and Learning of Anatomy: a Randomized Study

Resumo Introdução: Existem diferentes metodologias no ensino-aprendizagem da anatomia na graduação médica, como o uso de simuladores, exames de imagens, Body Painting, entre outros. O Body Painting é uma forma de arte corporal em que a pele humana é pintada, sendo projetados na superfície corporal músculos, veias, ossos, nervos e órgãos internos. Buscando adaptações à crescente falta de peças cadavéricas e atender às novas exigências curriculares das escolas médicas, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a aquisição do conhecimento anatômico da caixa torácica (costelas, cartilagens, músculos intercostais, esterno e linhas torácicas), da laringe, da traqueia, do nariz e dos seios paranasais com o uso do Body Painting em comparação ao uso de peças cadavéricas, além de conhecer e analisar a percepção e o significado sobre o método Body Painting no ensino-aprendizagem da anatomia para os graduandos em Medicina. Método: Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativo-quantitativa. Com relação à parte quantitativa, este foi um estudo controlado randomizado antes e depois das intervenções. Estudantes do final do primeiro ano da graduação médica foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos: 22 no grupo do Body Painting e 24 no grupo com cadáver. Em ambos os grupos, realizaram-se um pré-teste e um pós-teste. Aplicou-se o teste de normalidade da amostra e utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico da soma de postos de Wilcoxon para comparação dos escores dos postos obtidos por cada grupo no pré e pós-teste. Além disso, realizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa com a aplicação da escala Likert e o uso de um grupo focal para analisar as percepções discentes sobre esse método. Resultados: Quando se compararam os escores medianos dos postos das notas do pré-teste no grupo Body Painting com os obtidos no grupo cadáver, não houve diferença estatística. Isso demonstrou que os grupos eram homogêneos em relação ao nível do conhecimento prévio. Já o somatório dos postos das notas do pós-teste no grupo Body Painting foi superior ao do grupo cadáver, havendo diferença estatística quando se comparou a mediana dos escores dos postos entre esses grupos. Conclusões: Neste estudo, verificou-se que a aquisição de conhecimentos anatômicos da caixa torácica (costelas, cartilagens, músculos intercostais, esterno e linhas torácicas), da laringe, da traqueia, do nariz e dos seios paranasais com o uso do Body Painting foi ligeiramente superior à adoção de peças cadavéricas. A nudez parcial pode ser vista, inicialmente, como um empecilho ao método, mas isso pode ser superado após a vivência e o engajamento dos alunos nas sessões de pintura corporal. O Body Painting, segundo a percepção discente, facilita o processo de ensino-aprendizagem ao aproximar a teoria da prática e ao permitir associações, propiciando assim uma aprendizagem significativa.

Abstract: Introduction: There are different methodologies in teaching and learning anatomy to medical undergraduate students, such as the use of simulators, imaging, Body Painting, among others. Body Painting is a form of body art where human skin is painted, with muscles, veins, bones, nerves and internal organs being projected on the body surface. Seeking adaptations to the growing lack of cadaverous parts and meeting the new curricular demands of medical schools, this research aimed to evaluate the acquisition of anatomical knowledge of the rib cage (ribs, cartilage, intercostal muscles, sternum and thoracic lines), larynx, trachea, nose and paranasal sinuses, with the use of Body Painting compared to the use of cadaverous parts, in addition to understanding and analyzing the perception and meaning of the Body Painting method in teaching and learning anatomy to medical undergraduate students. Method: For this purpose, a qualitative and quantitative research was performed. Regarding the quantitative part, this was a randomized controlled trial before and after the interventions. Students at the end of the first year of medical school were randomly allocated to two groups, 22 in the Body Painting group and 24 in the Corpse group. In both groups a pretest and a posttest were performed. The sample normality test was applied, and the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the rank scores obtained by each group in the pretest and posttest. In addition, a qualitative approach was performed with the application of the Likert scale and the use of a focus group to analyze student perceptions about this method. Results: In the results, there was no statistical difference when comparing the median scores of the pre-test grades in the Body Painting group with the Corpse Group. This showed that the groups were homogeneous in relation to the level of prior knowledge. The sum of the posttest scores in the Body Painting group was higher than that in the Corpse group, with a statistical difference when comparing the median of the rank scores between these groups. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the acquisition of anatomical knowledge of the rib cage (ribs, cartilage, intercostal muscles, sternum and thoracic lines), larynx, trachea, nose and paranasal sinuses with the use of Body Painting was slightly superior to the use of cadaverous parts. Partial nudity may initially be seen as a hindrance to the method, but this can be overcome after students experience and engage in body painting sessions. Body Painting, according to student perception, facilitates the teaching-learning process by bringing theory closer to the practice and allowing associations, thus providing meaningful learning.

The teaching of surface anatomy by body painting / Enseñanza de anatomía de superficie mediante la pintura corporal

The present project on learning surface anatomy through the body painting method was undertaken because anatomical knowledge supports medical practice. The appropriate anatomical training of the doctor depends on surface anatomy. We considered the renovation of teaching strategies and didactic resources to optimize the overall teaching- learning process. 189 first-year medical students, enrolled in the Trunk and Splanchnology course at the University of Cádiz (Spain) participated in this study. Students were divided into 5 groups each of 38-41 students. The students were asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire supplied to each participant through an on-line platform. On the basis of the results, we recommend the body painting method as an alternative tool for learning surface and clinical anatomy.

El presente proyecto sobre el aprendizaje de la anatomía de superficie a través del método de pintura corporal se realizó debido a que el conocimiento anatómico apoya la práctica médica. El entrenamiento anatómico apropiado del médico depende de la anatomía de superficie. Consideramos la renovación de las estrategias de enseñanza y los recursos didácticos para optimizar el proceso general de enseñanza-aprendizaje. De este estudio participaron 189 estudiantes de primer año de medicina, matriculados en el curso de Troncal y Splanchnology en la Universidad de Cádiz (España). Los estudiantes fueron divididos en 5 grupos, cada uno de 38-41 estudiantes. Se les pidió a los estudiantes que completaran un cuestionario de satisfacción proporcionado a cada participante a través de una plataforma en línea. Sobre la base de los resultados, recomendamos el método de pintura corporal como una herramienta alternativa para el aprendizaje de la anatomía de superficie y clínica.

Marcello Gentilli : trazos de justicia en primera plana / Marcello Gentilli : Strokes of justice on the front page

¿Qué más descartable y perecedero que una hoja de diario ? Con esta pregunta inicial Fabio Norcini nos acerca a la obra de Marcelo Gentilli. Se trata del valor de rescatar los restos de noticias olvidadas, dignificadas a partir de la mirada del artista. A la manera de un original palimpsesto, los dibujos de Gentilli cubren y des-cubren el papel de diario, produciendo un efecto inesperado y sorprendente.

What more disposable and perishable than a newspaper sheet ? With this initial question Fabio Norcini brings us closer to the work of Marcelo Gentilli. It is about the value of rescuing the remains of forgotten news, dignified from the artist's point of view. In the manner of an original palimpsest, Gentilli's drawings cover and uncover the journal paper, producing an unexpected and surprising effect.

El bop deTepantitla: ensayo histórico y artístico / The bop of Tepantitla: a historical and artistic essay

El bop de Tepantitla son representaciones pictóricas de los glifos de teopixqui y de tlancopinalitztli, ambos se encuentran en el mismo muro de Tepantitla en Teotihuacán, México.‡ Unas de sus representaciones artísticas, en la obra del pintor mexicano conocido como Jazzamoart, se tienen a partir del predominio de los colores vivos y de los instrumentos musicales. Sin embargo, el propósito de este ensayo es el de dar a conocer a la comunidad odontológica y compartir estos dos óleos a partir de la práctica dental mostrada en ellos (AU)

The bop of Tepantitla is pictorial representations of the teopixqui and tlancopinalitztli glyphs, from the Tepantitla wall of Teotihuacan, Mexico. One of their Mexican artistic representations, which is found in Jazzamoart work, merely refers to a great variety of the fl amboyant colors and represents musical instruments. Whereas, the purpose of this issue is to let known and sharing the referential dental practice revealed into these couple canvas to the dentistry community (AU)

Effect of group painting art therapy on social function rehabilitation and quality of life of chronic schizophrenia patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of group painting art therapy on social function rehabili-tation and quality of life of chronic schizophrenia patients. Methods Totally 104 inpatients with schizophre-nia were assigned to study group with 53 cases and control group with 51 cases by random number table method. Patients in study group received group painting art therapy intervention,medication and other reha-bilitation activities. While the patients in control group were only given medication and other rehabilitation activities. All patients in both groups received positive and negative symptoms scale(PANSS),schizophrenia quality of life scale(SQLS) and scale of social-skills for psychiatric inpatients(SSPI) before and after the in-tervention. The results were analyzed by independent sample t test. Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences of the total scores and the dimensional subscores of PANSS,SQLS and SSPI between the study group and control group( all P>0. 05). Compared with control group,the difference score between pre-test and post-test of PANSS ((12. 26±6. 87) vs (5. 11±3. 11),t=13. 11,P<0. 01) and negative symp-tom ((-7. 96±5. 44) vs (-2. 82±3. 47),t=-12. 30,P<0. 01),score of SQLS ((27. 45±12. 22) vs (2. 41 ±10. 68),t=-11. 11,P<0. 01) and score of SSPI((-20. 40±8. 10) vs (-0. 94±8. 01),t=12. 31,P<0. 01) in study group changed statistically(all P<0. 01). Conclusion These results suggest that group painting art therapy intervention can improve the negative symptoms,the quality of life and the recovery of social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Comparative Studies of Two Major Sets of Tibetan Medical Paintings: A Historical Perspective / 中国结合医学杂志

Tibetan medicine, one of the time-honored medical systems in the world, has increasingly been receiving attention the world over. Tibetan medical paintings (TMP, tib. Sman thang) has become one of the focal points in the studies of this medical system. To date, there are many atlases and publications on TMP, which are principally based on the two major sets of TMP series existing today in the world, the Lhasa set and the Buryat set. It has been found that the Buryat set is based on the Lhasa set, which was brought in late 19th to the first half of the 20th century from Tibet to Buryatia, Russia. A careful investigation on the basic structure of the two sets reveals that there are many differences between the two sets of paintings, including the total number of the paintings involved, of which some are missing in one set, the details of the captions of some of the paintings, the existence of the 80th painting and its supervisor, and the overall order of the entire set, etc. The details of the differences are elaborated and discussed, and the prospective of developing the research to arrive at a standard and perfect TMP set in the future is also analyzed and anticipated.

Effect of anatomical painting competition on comprehensive quality training of medical students / 解剖学报

The national medical students' anatomical painting competition has been successfully held twice. A large number of works from different parts of the country participated in the competition. "Competition" has effectively aroused the enthusiasm of teachers and students, promoted the development of graphic aided instruction, built a platform for medical students talent show and talents selection, and promoted the comprehensive quality training of medical students. The second "contest" in the organization is further improved than the first, for the national medical students' anatomical painting competition continued to develop accumulated experience. This paper summarizes and looks forward to the effect of this contest on medical students training.

Os sentidos como funções estruturantes da Consciência: Um Estudo da Psicologia Simbólica / The senses as structuring functions of consciousness: A contribution of symbolic psychology / Los sentidos como funciones estructurantes de la conciencia: Un estudio de la psicología simbólica

O autor estuda os órgãos dos sentidos como funções estruturantes da Consciência e da Sombra Individual e Coletiva. Comparando o cérebro a um computador, o autor argumenta que as funções fisiológicas são equivalentes aos hardware e as funções estruturantes aos software. Com esta comparação, o autor pretende chamar a atenção para a extraordinária transformação da Consciência operada pela Civilização, fato que tem sido pouco considerado pela Psiquiatria moderna, devido ao seu justificável, mas lamentável fascínio atual pela neuropsicofarmacologia. A seguir, o autor tece considerações resumidas sobre cada órgão dos sentidos percebido como função estruturante e cita a expressividade da visão pela pintura, do olfato pelos perfumes, do paladar pelo vinho, da audição pela música e do tato pela cosmetologia. Considera que, enquanto a cultura aumentou o poder da visão e da audição, o mesmo não aconteceu com o olfato, o paladar e o tato. Finalmente, à guisa de ilustrar o desenvolvimento cultural dos órgãos dos sentidos como funções estruturantes da Consciência Individual e Coletiva, o autor aplica sua Teoria Arquetípica da História à História da Arte Moderna. ■

The author studies the sense organs as structuring functions of individual and collective consciousness and shadow. Comparing the brain to a computer, he argues that physiological functions are equivalent to hardware and structuring functions to software. With this comparison, the author intends to call attention to the extraordinary transformation of consciousness brought about by civilization, a fact which modern psychiatry fails to consider due to its comprehensible fascination for neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Then, the author briefly considers each sense organ when seen as a structuring function and considers the expression of sight through painting, hearing through music, smell through perfumes, taste through wine, and touch through skin creams. He remarks that while the power of vision and hearing were enhanced by culture, the same did not happen to smell, taste and touch. Finally, the author applies his Archetypal Theory of History to the history of modern art to illustrate the cultural development of the senses seen as structuring functions of individual and collective consciousness and shadow. ■

El autor estudia los órganos de los sentidos como funciones estructurantes de la Conciencia y de la Sombra Individual y Colectiva. Comparando el cerebro a una computadora, el autor argumenta que las funciones fisiológicas son equivalentes a los hardwares y las funciones estructurantes a los softwares. Con esta comparación, el autor pretende llamar la atención sobre la extraordinaria transformación de la Conciencia operada por la Civilización, hecho que ha sido poco considerado por la Psiquiatría moderna, debido a su justificable pero lamentable fascinación actual por la neuropsicofarmacología. A continuación, el autor hace consideraciones resumidas sobre cada órgano de los sentidos percibido como función estructurante y cita la expresividad de la visión por la pintura, el olfato por los perfumes, el paladar por el vino, la audición por la música y el tacto por la cosmetología. Considera que mientras que la cultura aumentó el poder de la visión y de la audición, lo mismo no ocurrió con el olfato, el paladar y el tacto. Finalmente, a la luz de ilustrar el desarrollo cultural de los órganos de los sentidos como funciones estructurantes de la Conciencia Individual y Colectiva, el autor aplica su Teoría Arquetípica de la Historia a la Historia del Arte Moderno. ■

Factores ambientales asociados a Rinosinusitis crónica. Hospital Universitario del Caribe, Cartagena (Colombia) / Environmental factors associated with chronic Rhinosinusitis. Hospital Universitario del Caribe, Cartagena, Colombia

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores de exposición ambientales y la rinosinusitis crónica en pacientes de la ESE Hospital Universitario del Caribe, Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles con 66 pacientes diagnosticados con (RSC) según criterios de la EPOS (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps) de 2012 y 66 controles. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, exposición a tóxicos ambientales, tipo y severidad de la RSC, se calcularon OR y sus intervalos de confianza aplicando regresión logística. Resultados: De los 132 pacientes (90 mujeres y 42 hombres) solo 9 (3 casos y 6 controles) presentaban hábito defumar, el 68 % de los casos de RSC fueron no polipoideo. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al antecedente de asma (p<0.05) y exposición a pinturas (p<0,05). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con el resto de variables de exposición incluidas en el análisis. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio la exposición a pintura y el antecedente de asma implican un mayor riesgo de desarrollar RSC frente a la no exposición a estos factores ambientales en una muestra de pacientes residentes en la ciudad de Cartagena. Nuevos trabajos con mayor tamaño muestral que determinen cuál es el mecanismo exacto por el que estos factores aumentan dicho riesgo en la RSC permitirían un mayor entendimiento de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario un abordaje desde la salud pública para la generación de políticas en salud que promuevan el adecuado manejo de las sustancias químicas en contextos altamente industriales teniendo en cuenta el impacto potencial de estas en las enfermedades respiratorias.

Abstract Objective: To determine the association between environmental exposure factors and chronic rhinosinusitis in patients of the ESE Hospital Universitario del Caribe, Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: Case-control study with 66patients diagnosed with (CSR) according to the 2012 EPOS (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps) criteria and 66 controls. Demographic data, exposure to environmental toxins, type and severity of CSR were obtained, OR and confidence intervals were calculated applying logistic regression. Results: Of the 132 patients (90 women and 42 men) only 9 (3 cases and 6 controls) had smoking habit, 68% of the cases of CSR were non-polypoid. Statistically significant differences were observed in the history of asthma (p <0.05) and paint exposure (p <0.05). No statistically significant associations were found with the rest of the exposure variables included in the analysis. Conclusions: In our study, paint exposure and the history of asthma implied a greater risk of developing CSR than non-exposure to these environmental factors in a sample of patients living in the city of Cartagena. New studies with larger sample sizes that determine the exact mechanism by which these factors increase the risk of developing CSR would allow a better understanding of the disease etiology. Therefore, an approach from public health is necessary for the generation of health policies that promote the adequate management of chemical substances in highly industrial contexts, taking into account the potential impact of these on respiratory diseases.

A Qualitative Assessment Of Student Attitudes To The Use Of Body Painting As A Learning Tool In First Year Human Anatomy: A Pilot Study

Background: The use of body painting as a method of engaging students in the learning of anatomy has beendemonstrated as being beneficial to knowledge retention amongst medical students. However, the benefit of theuse of body painting as an educational tool for non-medical students learning anatomy is relatively understudied.Aims: This research aimed to assess the perceptions of first year non-medical tertiary students on the use ofbody painting as an engaging and useful tool for learning human anatomy. A secondary aim was to determine ifstudents’ assessment of the activity differed between those enrolled in a generalised Medical Science degreecompared to those in a Clinical Health Science degree with a specific career path.Materials and Methods: A total of two hundred first-year students divided between a Medical Science degree(n=101) and the Clinical Health Sciences (n = 99) were surveyed using a combination of Likert scale and openended responses to determine if students thought body painting had a place in anatomy teaching.Results: Quantitative results found no significant difference in the reported level of enjoyment experiencedduring body painting activities, with students finding the activity reasonably enjoyable (3.6-3.8/5), howeverClinical Health Science students found the activity most useful as a learning tool (3.9/5; p d” 0.01). Thematicinductive analysis revealed that students from both cohorts found the activity fun and interactive and that itpromoted engagement and information retention. Students also recognised the benefit of the activity for visualand kinaesthetic learners. Clinical Health science students were the only cohort to report on how body paintinghelped linked to their future in clinical practice.Conclusions: Student feedback supports the use of body painting as a learning tool in human anatomy in nonmedical degree programs, and contributes to the development of a stronger undergraduate anatomy teachingprogram.

Dermoscopic “Landscape Painting Patterns” as a Clue for Labial Melanotic Macules: An Analysis of 80 Cases

BACKGROUND: Labial melanotic macules (LMMs) are benign pigmented lesions that usually take the shape of flat asymmetrical macules with tan-brown to black color and variable size. Whereas the dermoscopic features of other pigmented skin lesions have been relatively well described, little is known about LMMs. OBJECTIVE: To describe the dermoscopic features and find typical and schematic dermoscopic patterns in LMMs. METHODS: A retrospective dermoscopic study was conducted on 80 lesions with histopathologically proved LMMs. RESULTS: We described and defined, for the first time to our knowledge, landscape painting patterns found in 65 of 80 melanotic lesions (81.3%), characterized by parallel lines or circle lines, overlapping vessels with background brown pigmentation. The background brown pigmentations were observed in 74 of 80 lesions (92.5%), the parallel lines in 62 (77.5%), the circle lines in 20 (25.0%), and overlapping vessels in 69 (86.3%). The structureless black pigmentations were only presented in 26 of 80 (32.5%). CONCLUSION: Dermoscopy can be useful for the clinical detection of LMMs, and “Landscape painting patterns” may represent a dermoscopic clue for the diagnosis of these lesions.

O ritmo na vida psíquica: diálogos entre psicanálise e arte / The rhythm in psychic life: dialogues between psychoanalysis and art

Este artigo, em homenagem a Victor Guerra, recentemente falecido, aborda temas que lhe são muito caros e que foram proferidos em uma conferência na qual ele estabelece o diálogo entre psicanálise e arte ao discorrer sobre o ritmo na vida psíquica.

This paper, published in honor of Victor Guerra recently deceased, discusses topic that are very dear to him and give in this conference in which he establishes a dialogue between psychoanalysis and art discussing the rhythm in psychic life.

Effects of painting therapy on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in patients with breast cancer / 中华护理杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effects of painting therapy on nausea,vomiting and anxiety induced by chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.Methods This study used convenience sampling and before-and-after self-controlled design,and enrolled 200 patients with breast cancer undergoing EC (Epirubicin+Cyclophosphamide)chemotherapy regimen.All patients were given painting therapy on the first day of the second chemotherapy.Functional living index-emesis(FLIE) and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) were used to compare the effects before and after intervention,and measured after the first chemotherapy and after implementation of painting therapy.Results The scores of FLIE were significantly different before and after implementation of painting therapy(P＜0.05);scores in SAS for patients' subjective feelings(nervous,panic,headache,upset),and objective symptoms(hands trembling,numbness,indigestion)were significantly lower after intervention than those before intervention,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Painting therapy can alleviate chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients effectively.

A pulsão: da encarnação à transferência / The drive: from incarnation to transference

A pulsão pode ser entendida como articulação de uma pressão contínua a uma forma descontínua (representante-representativo), paradoxo que constitui um impossível da representação. Três versões deste impossível são explorados: 1) o mistério cristão da Encarnação e a narrativa da Anunciação podem ser interpretados como invenções culturais visando dar conta da interseção originária Real/Simbólico; 2) os pintores do Renascimento buscaram lidar com este irrepresentável no seio da representação graças à invenção de figurae, "pan de tableau" fora do sistema representativo; 3) estes efeitos de "pan" como dissolução da forma podem ser encontrados na transferência, porém com funções diferentes conforme apareçam no início ou no fim da análise.

The drive: from Incarnation to transference. The drive can be understood as the articulation of a continuous pressure to a discontinuous form (representative-representational), a paradox that constitutes an impossible in the presentation. Three versions of this impossible are explored: 1) the Christian mystery of Incarnation and the narrative of the Annunciation can be interpreted as cultural inventions which attempt to account for the originating intersection Real/Symbolic; 2) the painters of the Renaissance have tried to deal with this non-representable which lies at the heart of the representation thanks to the invention of figurae, "pan" outside the representational system; 3) these effects of "pan" as dissolution can be found in the transference, but in different functions depending on whether they appear at the beginning or at the end of a psychoanalytical cure.