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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1)dic. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449502

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Morphological parameters of flowering are fundamental in the reproductive process of plants, but this subject is poorly explored in the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale. Objective: To determine the influence of the flowering and harvest period on floral parameters, and to identify association with hermaphrodite flowers in the dwarf cashew. Methods: For the 2018 and 2019 harvests in 120 samples we measured number of male/hermaphrodite/abnormal flowers; panicle biomass, length, maximum width, and ramifications at 30, 45 and 60 days for 360 samples in total. Results: The harvest effect was not significant. Panicle length and width (at 30 days), had the greatest contributions to the production of hermaphrodite flowers. The presence of male flowers (at 45 days), and the panicle length and number of primary branches (at 60 days) were the main factors at their respective periods. Conclusions: The emission of hermaphrodite flowers responds negatively to male flowers. Variations in flowering compromise the production of hermaphrodite flowers and the flowering structure.


Introducción: Parámetros morfológicos de la floración son fundamentales en el proceso reproductivo de las plantas, sin embargo, el tema es poco explorado en el árbol de marañón Anacardium occidentale. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la floración y periodos de cosecha sobre parámetros florales, e identificar asociaciones con flores hermafroditas en el marañón enano. Métodos: Para las cosechas de 2018 y 2019 en 120 muestras, medimos el número de flores masculinas/hermafroditas/anormales; biomasa de panícula, largo, ancho máximo, y ramificaciones a los 30, 45 y 60 días, un total de 360 muestras. Resultados: El efecto de la cosecha fue insignificante. Longitud y ancho de la panícula (a los 30 días), tuvo la mayor contribución a la producción de flores hermafroditas. La presencia de flores masculinas (a los 45 días), y el largo de panícula y número de ramas primarias (a los 60 días) fueron los principales factores en sus periodos respectivos. Conclusiones: La emisión de flores hermafroditas responde negativamente a flores masculinas. Variaciones en la floración afecta la producción de flores hermafroditas y estructura de floración.

2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462549

ABSTRACT

Some agronomic traits, important for silage production, were evaluated in seven sorghum genotypes of high, medium and low height. Fresh and dry matter yield (tons/ha) were determined. Plant height, stand, percentage of dead leaves and standability were evaluated at cut. Percentage of stem, leaves and head ranged from 45.5 to 83.8%, 6.8 to 32.6% and 9.3 to 35.1%, respectively. Dead leaves percentage ranged from 20.0 to 63.3%. Plant height had significant correlation with dry matter production, stem proportion and standability. It was observed positive correlation between number of plants/ha and dry matter production. Great variation in fresh matter yield was registered. High sorghums were more productive than medium height sorghums, and these, more productive than low height sorghum. The same tendencies were observed for dry matter yield; nevertheless hight genotypes were similar to one of medium height genotypes.


Algumas características agrônomicas importantes para produção de silagens foram avaliadas em sete genótipos de sorgo de portes alto, médio e baixo. Determinaram-se as produções de matéria verde e matéria seca em toneladas/hectare. Separaram-se folhas, colmo e panícula e determinaram-se as porcentagens de cada um desses componentes em relação à planta inteira. A altura e a população de plantas, a porcentagem de folhas mortas e a porcentagem de acamamento foram avaliadas no momento do corte. As porcentagens de colmo, folhas e panícula variaram, respectivamente, de 45,5 a 83,8%, 6,8 a 32,6% e 9,3 a 35,1%. As folhas mortas oscilaram de 20,0 a 63,3%. A altura da planta apresentou correlação significativa com a produção de matéria seca, com a proporção de colmo e com a porcentagem de acamamento. Foi observada correlação positiva entre o número de plantas/hectare e a produção de matéria seca. Registrou-se grande variação na produção de matéria natural, e os sorgos de porte alto mostraram-se mais produtivos que os de porte médio e estes mais que o de porte baixo. Observou-se a mesma tendência para o rendimento de matéria seca/hectare, porém os genótipos de porte alto foram semelhantes a um sorgo de porte médio.

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