ABSTRACT
There are currently various pancreatic exocrine function tests with different indicators for detection, and there is still a lack of unified standard. This article summarizes the pancreatic exocrine function tests which are widely used or hold promise for application in clinical practice, briefly introduces the procedures of each test, and reviews their clinical practicability and advances, so as to provide a reference for the clinical application and research ideas of pancreatic exocrine function tests.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the protective effects of somatostatin (SS) on mice islets injury after transplantation by pancreas exocrine cells and its mechanism.Method (1) In vitro, 20 male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into the SS group (n =10) and the control group (n = 10).The animals in SS group were injected with SS (10 g/g) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p) before 30 min, and those in the control group were given the same amount of normal saline (i.p).The pancreas exocrine cells and islet cells in two groups were extracted respectively, and the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric.(2) The pancreases of mice were digested with collagenase, islets and pancreatic exocrine cells were collected, and the purity and activity of islet was detected.In vivo, 8-9-week old male BALB/C mice were induced into diabetic mice with Streptozocin (STZ) (190 mg/kg body weight, i.p).250 islets and the equal volume of pancreatic exocrine cells were transplanted into different regions of left kidney subcapsule.Forty mice were divided into two groups randomly.The experimental group was injected with SS (10 g/g, 3 times every day, i.p) for 28 days after operation, and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline (3 times every day, i.p) for 28 days.Then mice in two groups were injected with 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) (5 g/g, once every day, i.p) for 28 days.Blood glucose 1evel was monitored continually.Glucose tolerance test was performed after 8 days, and the left kidney was removed respectively after 10 days and 28 days.The expression of anti-amylase antibodies in subcapsule was detected by irnmunohistochemieal staining.The proliferation of islet beta cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining.Result (1) The apoptosis rate of pancreas exocrine cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate of islet cells between the experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05).The purity and activity of islet were above 95％.After islets transplantation, the blood glucose levels in control and experimental groups were normal, but experimental group had the advanced islet function in reversing diabetes.The average blood glucose level in control group was significantly higher than in experimental group, and the blood glucose regulating function of islet was normal.A large number of anti-amylase antibody-positive cells were found in renal subcapsule in the control group while little seen in the experimental group after 10 days.Immunofluorescence showed that the Insulin + EDU+ β cells of islet in the experimental group were more than those in the control group.The number of anti—amylase antibody-positive cells in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group after 28 days, but showed no obvious difference from that at 10th day.The number of increased beta cells in the experimental group was still significantly greater than in the control group after 28 day, but the proliferation rate was reduced as compared with that at 10th day.Conclusion SS can reduce pancreas exocrine cells damage in the process of mice islets transplantation.SS can induce the apoptosis of damaged pancreas exocrine cells, inhibit pancreatic acinar cells from secreting pancreatic amylase and promote proliferation of islet beta cells.
ABSTRACT
Pancreas is an integrated organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions. Insulin is secreted from the pancreas islet B cell and is the only hormone that could reduce blood sugar and play an important role in glucose homeostasis. Pancreatic disease can result in diabetes mellitus in some cases. Although acute pancreatitis is the most common disease of pancreas,the relationship between acute pancreatitis and new-onset diabetes has been ignored. However,many researches have shown recently that acute pancreatitis is associated with new-onset diabetes. Blood glucose monitoring is warranted for patients after acute pancreatitis with important significance.
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Objective To investigate the effect of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) concerning in reducing the injury of transplanted islets by pancreas exocrine cells and promoting proliferation of the pancreas B cells.Method The pancreases of mice were digested with collagenase,islets were isolated artificially,and pancreatic exocrine cells were collected.In purified islet group (n =6),100 islets were seeded into a 6 well culture plate.In experimental group(n =6),100 islets were co-cultured with equal volume of pancreas exocrine cells,and 0.5 mg/mL A1AT was added into a 6-well culture plate.In control group(n =6),100 islets were co-cultured with equal volume of pancreas exocrine cells.After 48 h,insulin content of islets in each well and trypsin concentration in the supernatant of each well were measured.The islets were cultured in low sugar and high sugar 1640 medium,then glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test was carried out.In vivo,8-9-week old male BALB/C mice were induced with STZ (190 mg/kg body weight,i.p) to establish the diabetic model and randomly divided into two groups.In experimental(n =10) and control(n =10) groups,250 islets and the equal volume of pancreatic exocrine cells were transplanted into different regions of left kidney subcapsule,resepctively.The experimental group was injected with A1AT (83 mg/kg,qd,i.p) for 28 days after operation,and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline (qd,i.p) for 28 days.Both two groups were given EDU (5 μg/g,qd,i.p) for 28 days.The blood glucose level was monitored continually.Nephrectomies were performed after 28 days.The expression of anti-amylase antibodies in the renal subcapsule was detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the proliferation of islet beta cells was examined using immunofluorescence staining.Result Insulin levels and insulin stimulation index in the control group were decreased as compared with those in the purified islet group; those in the experimental group were higher than in the control group,but lower than in the purified islet group.Trypsin concentration in the control group was increased as compared with the purified islet group,that in the experimental group was lower than the control group,but higher than in the purified islet group (all P＜0.01).After islets transplantation,the blood glucose levels in control and experimental groups were normal,but those in the control group recovered later than in the experimental group (P＜0.01).At 3rd day after nephrectomy,the blood glucose levels were ＞21 mmol/L in both two groups.A large number of anti-amylase antibody-positive cells were found in the renal subcapsule in the control group while little seen in the experimental group after 28 days.The immunofluorescence showed that the insulin +/EDU + B cells in the experimental group were more than those in the control group.Conclusion Conclusion Co-culture of islets and pancreatic exocrine cells with A1AT can prevent islet cells from damage caused by trypsin.A1AT could inhibit the secretion of pancreatic amylase from pancreatic acinar cells and promote proliferation of islet beta cells.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between tongue coating and Pancreas exocrine function was investigated in 45 cases by pancreatic function diagnostant. These cases were classified into three groups, “slight, ” “moderate” and “marked” according to the degree of thickness of tongue coating. Among the three groups, the mean rate of PABA excretion in urine tended to decrease as the degree of thickness of the tongue coating increased. That in the marked group was lower than in the slight group with statistical significance. The results suggest that thickness of tongue coating is partially related to pancreas exocrine function.