ABSTRACT
Objective To standardize the modeling and evaluation of type 2 diabetic gastric mucosal injury rat model of spleen deficiency. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group, type 2 diabetic rat model with gastric mucosal injury was established by the injection of small-dose streptozotocin (STZ) combined with feeding of high fat and sugar forage and gastric gavage of 30% ethanol solution. After the modeling, we examined the levels of fasting blood glucose ( FBG) , fasting insulin ( FINS) , superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the rat serum, and gastric and pancreatic tissue pathology was evaluated after HE staining. Modern medical evaluation method was used for the statistics of information collected by four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) , and for the identification of properties and evolution of TCM syndromes. Results Type 2 diabetic gastric mucosal injury rat model had been established in 75% of the rats. And 10-16 weeks after the modeling, the model rats had the syndrome of spleen deficiency, showing as persistent emaciation, decreased grasping force, weak activities in open field test, pale tongue nature, decreased r value of the claw and tail, increased defecation frequency, softening of loose stool. Of all the model rats, 78% had the features of diabetes, one indicator of qi deficiency syndrome, and one or more specialized spleen-related indicators. Conclusion These results suggest that type 2 diabetic gastric mucosal injury rat model can be successfully induced by the injection of small -dose streptozotocin ( STZ) combined with feeding of high fat and sugar forage and gastric gavage of 30% ethanol solution, and the time window of spleen deficiency for type 2 diabetic gastric mucosal injury rat model is 10-16 weeks after the modeling.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PETs) are rare. The vast majority are functional (70-85%), generally small (< 2 cm) and symptomatic due to elevated hormone production. Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (nPETs) usually produce symptoms based on their size and similarity to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Localizing these tumors preoperatively fails in most cases because of their small size. While surgical resection is the treatment of choice, pre-operative identification is of fundamental importance. The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the value of endoscopy and fine-needle aspiration in the pre-operative diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors when compared to results using other diagnostic tools
Os tumores neuroendócrinos do pâncreas (TUNE) são raros. A literatura relata vasta maioria de tumores funcionantes (70%- 85%), geralmente pequenos (< 2 cm) e sintomáticos devido à produção hormonal elevada. Os não secretores (nTUNE) geralmente apresentam sintomas decorrentes (ocasionados) do seu tamanho e se assemelham ao adenocarcinoma do pâncreas. A localização pré-operatória desses tumores falha na maioria das vezes devido ao pequeno tamanho. A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento de escolha (de elección). Assim sendo, sua identificação pré-operatória é de fundamental importância. O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar o valor da ecoendoscopia (EE) isolada e associada à punção aspirativa com agulha fina (EEPAAF) no diagnóstico pré-operatório dos tumores neuroendócrinos e comparar seus resultados com outros testes (pruebas) diagnósticos utilizados para essa finalidade