ABSTRACT
Background: Recently, we publish two case reports about association of nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) and eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) in benign prostatic epithelium. There is no investigation of large series of this association in medical literature. Aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of association of NSGP and prostatic EM in a large series of cases and their relationship with the basic prostate pathology: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), National Institutes of Health-category IV prostatitis (so-called histologic prostatitis (HP)), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). Materials and Methods: A retrospective record review for NSGP was performed on a total of 2366 prostatic specimens of all types of material. All cases of NSGP were reviewed for the presence of EM, BPH, and HP. NSGP with EM-cases and control cases with high grade PCa with endocrine differentiation (so-called Paneth cell-like changes) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: NSGP was found in nine cases (0.38%). EM was detected in benign perigranulomatous secretory epithelial cells in 100% of cases with NSGP and were closely associated with BPH and HP. Immunohistochemically, in 55.5% of cases with EM, there was weak focal apical false-positive staining for p504s. Conclusion: EM is a very common lesion in NSGP and reflects histologically a nonspecific cellular response, connected with repeated inflammation, in close relation with BPH and HP. We speculate that EM might serve as a morphological precursor of the immunologic phase of NSGP. This constant morphological finding could facilitate the histopathological differential diagnosis of NSGP with other types of granulomatous prostatitis and high grade PCa with or without endocrine differentiation.
ABSTRACT
The tissues from small intestine containing duodenum were collected from six young goats and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies. The villi of the duodenum varied in shape and size. The duodenal mucosal surface showed leaf shaped villi along with scanty population of goblet cells on the villi surface. The mucosal surface was having very faint corrugations and dense mat of microvilli. The basal surface of the villi, the number of goblet cells was more. The crypts openings were evident at some places. The transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of different cell population which included columnar or absorptive cells and goblet cells in surface epithelium of the duodenum. The columnar cells were having many uniform regularly spaced microvilli. The goblet cells were very few in the villus epithelium and were interspersed in between the columnar cells and their cytoplasm was distended with mucus granules. The crypt region or glandular epithelium was consisted of polymorphic cell population which included the Paneth cells, enterochromaffin cells and goblet cells
ABSTRACT
Paneth cell (PC) can secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMP) such as defensins,which are associated with various intestinal diseases.PC and AMP are able to resist the pathogenic microorganisms,shape the intestinal microflora and protect intestinal stem cells (ISC).Their function is regulated by autophagy,endoplasmic reticulum stress and other factors.Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious and common diseases in the neonatal period,and it is the main cause of premature death due to gastrointestinal diseases.The pathogenesis is not yet clear.Studies have shown that PC is associated with the pathogenesis of NEC.This review summarizes the progress in the relationship between PC and NEC,to provide innovative ideas for NEC pathogenesis.
ABSTRACT
El uso de epónimos aún es una práctica frecuentemente utilizada entre médicos clínicos y académicos para referirse a las distintas estructuras en histología. A pesar de los esfuerzos por parte de la comunidad morfológica por desarraigarlos del lenguaje médico, hoy en día se encuentran, inclusive presentes en Terminologia Histologica, tal como en los casos de Schannocytus (H2.00.06.2.02003) referente a la Célula de Schwann; Complexus golgiensis (H1.00.01.3.0146) referente al Aparato de Golgi, Cellula panethensis (H3.04.03.0.00017) referente a la Célula de Paneth, y Neuron purkinjense (H3.11.03.4.01015) referente a la Neurona de Purkinje, que aluden a los investigadores Theodor Schwann, Camillo Golgi, Joseph Paneth y Jan Evangelista Purkinje, respectivamente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis de los términos antes nombrados desde un punto de vista lingüístico y proponer nuevas denominaciones, siguiendo los parámetros establecidos en la Terminología, en la cual los nombres de las estructuras deben tener un valor informativo, estar escritos en latín como lengua base y eliminar el uso de los epónimos. Los términos analizados, se refieren a nombres de células u organelos frecuentemente utilizados en textos educativos, sin embargo, son poco descriptivos, muchos de ellos con raíces netamente griegas y otros neologismos, cuyas denominaciones, por consenso y en honor a investigadores connotados han perdurado en el tiempo. Proponemos modificaciones con respecto a su denominación, así como a sus derivados, utilizando términos procedentes del latín. En resumen, pretendemos que con estos antecedentes iniciales puedan entregarse argumentos que permitan seguir unificando criterios y que ellos puedan ser considerados por los expertos que conforman el Programa Federativo Internacional de Terminología Anatómica y, como bien se señala, permitir el establecimiento de diálogo con los miembros de la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Anatomistas e ir mejorando la comunicación científica entre los diferentes actores de las ciencias morfológicas.
Eponyms are still frequently used among clinicians and scholars to refer to the various structures in histology. Despite efforts by the morphological community to eradicate eponyms from medical language, nowadays they are practical, and even present in Terminologia Histologica (TH), such as in the case of Schannocytus (H2.00.06.2.02003) concerning the term Schwann cell; Complexus golgiensis (H1.00.01.3.0146) relating to the Golgi apparatus, Cellula panethensis (H3.04.03.0.00017) concerning the Paneth cell and Neuron purkinjense (H3.11.03.4.01015), the term Purkinje neuron which refers to researchers Theodor Schwann, Camillo Golgi, Joseph Paneth and Jan Evangelist Purkinje, respectively. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of these terms from a linguistic point of view and propose new Latin names, following guidelines established in the terminology wherein the names of structures must, have an informative value, be written in Latin as a base language, and eliminate the use of eponyms. The terms analyzed, refer to cells or organelles names frequently used, they have limited descriptive value, many with purely Greek roots and other neologisms, which names have endured over time in honor of renowned researchers. Using terms from Larin, we propose modifications with respect to classification and derivatives. In conclusion, we hope that with this introduction, the information to consolidate standards will be considered by the experts of the Federal International Committee on Anatomical Terminology and further, initiate a dialogue with International Federation of Associations of Anatomists members, while encouraging ongoing communication between the various players of morphological sciences.
Subject(s)
Eponyms , Histology , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
Gut microbiota play a critical role in the development of intestinal cancer. Dietary changes cause dysbiosis of gut microbiota that mediates production of dietary factors triggering intestinal cancer. Genetic and dietary factors work in different combinatorial ways in initiation and progression of intestinal cancer, one of which is changes in gut microbiota. Recently, it has been found that high-fat-diet promote intestinal tumorigenesis in a genetically susceptible K-ras(G12Dint) mice without induction of obesity. High-fat-diet along with oncogene activation dampened paneth-cell mediated immunity and thus shift bacterial communities in such a way that promotes intestinal cancer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Carcinogenesis , Dysbiosis , Intestinal Neoplasms , Microbiota , Obesity , OncogenesABSTRACT
Our previous research on sulfated polysaccharide purified from Ecklonia cava, a brown alga found in Jeju island, Korea, showed that sulfated polysaccharides modulate the apoptotic threshold of intestinal cells, thereby preventing intestinal damage caused by ionizing radiation. In this study, we investigated the ability of sulfated polysaccharide to augment restoration of small intestinal stem cells from gamma-ray-induced damage. In our results, sulfated polysaccharide treatment increased the numbers of Ki-67-positive cells as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing cells in the small intestine compared with those of irradiated only mice. Meanwhile, exposure to irradiation increased the number of paneth cells, which are frequently associated with intestinal inflammation, whereas sulfated polysaccharide treatment reduced the number of paneth cells in the small intestinal crypt. Conclusively, our data suggest that reduction of iNOS-expressing cells and paneth cells in sulfated polysaccharide-treated mice contributes to the inhibition of radiation-induced intestinal inflammation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Inflammation , Intestine, Small , Korea , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Paneth Cells , Polysaccharides , Radiation, Ionizing , Stem CellsABSTRACT
This study was carried out on ICR mice, male, weighing about 26~35 g in order to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) on the Paneth cells and their glycoconjugates. They were given intraperitoneally CP (Sigma, USA) 150 mg/kg body weight. Control mice were given as same amount of distilled water. The mice were sacrificed after 12 hours and on day 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 14 after CP injection. Sections were prepared from the region upper 1~2 cm from the end of the ilea. The material for histological examination was fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Some of the preparation 4 mm thick from the paraffin blocks stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The average numbers of the cells (Paneth cell index : PCI) were counted in the longitudinally sectioned 20 intestinal glands and semiquantitive granulation indices (Paneth cell granulation index : PGI) were obtained arithmatically weighted method to 3 cell types classified according to the degree of granularity of the cells. The other sections were incubated with 8 species of lectins (GS I B4, PSA, SBA, sWGA, UEA I, ECL, PNA and LFA). In order to increase the specificity of the reactions, the sections were applicated with ABC system. And then the sections were incubated DAB and were counterstained with hematoxylin. The results observed by light microcope were as follows. 1. The Paneth cell index (PCI) was 155.5 in control mice, while the PCI from the mice after 12 hours CP injection was 88.3. The Paneth cell granulation index (PGI) decreased from 316.0 in control mice to 152.3 in 12 hours after the CP administration. 2. The PCI increased to 141 and the PGI was 354 on day 2 after CP administration, which was higher in number than those of the control mice. It was characterized that the Paneth cells packed with numerous eosinophilic granules in the apical region increased in great numbers on day 2. 3. The PCI and PGI decreased on day 4 and day 5, and began to increase on day 9, which recovered to the similar level of the control mice. 4. Apoptotic-like cells increased suddenly in great numbers 12 hours after the CPA injection and began to decrease on day 1. Most of the dying cells seem to come from stem cells of the crypts and a small numbers of them from Paneth cells. 5. Paneth cells exhibited an extensive binding pattern for SBA, sWGA, and showed a restricted binding pattern for GS I B4 and UEA I. PSA, PNA, LFA. ECL showed negative reaction with Paneth cells. 6. It seems that Paneth cells can be classified according to the composition of the glycoconjugate in the granule and the stages of the cell maturation. The glycoconjugates in the halo is thought different from that in the core of the secretory granules. 7. The Paneth cell granules generally showed stronger reaction with the lectins in 12 hours after the CP admini-stration. 8. It is thought that the core of the granules decomposed earlier than the halo of the granules, and the granules of the cells reacted negatively with the lectins secreted earlier than those of the cells showed strong reaction with the lectins after the CP injection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Body Weight , Cyclophosphamide , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Eosinophils , Formaldehyde , Glycoconjugates , Hematoxylin , Ileum , Intestinal Mucosa , Lectins , Mice, Inbred ICR , Paneth Cells , Paraffin , Secretory Vesicles , Sensitivity and Specificity , Stem Cells , WaterABSTRACT
Two cases of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are reported and their morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features are described. Both surgical specimens showed varied dysplasia with severe atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. 60%-70% of the tumor cells contained coarse eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that are PAS positive but unstained by alcian blue at pH 2.5, and exhibited positive antiserum immunoreaction for ly-sozyme. The Paneth's nature of these granules was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunoelec-tron microscopy. In addition, some endocrine cells were detected in the neoplastic glands. The characteristics of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are discussed and a close relationship between the histogenesis and intestinal metaplasia is suggested.